• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.466-472
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• 2001

To find a suitable condition in this process examined, we investigated the main control factors, such as, the NaOH concentrations, such as, the NaOH concentrations, the heat treating times, and the heating temperatures. The resulting mechanical properties of the fabrics also studied. The samples used were Nylon/Co-PET sea-island type composite microfiber (Co-PET content: 35%) non-woven fabric. The conclusions obtained were as follows. 1. For the complete extraction of Co-PET from the sample non-woven fabric in the dry hot air process, $160^{\circ}C$ of air temperature, 15 min. of treatment time, and around 30% of NaOH concentration were required. On the other hand, in the wet hot air process, $140^{\circ}C$ of air temperature, 3.5 min. of treatment time, and around 30% of NaOH concentration were required. 2. The mechanical properties of the continuous processed samples showed that the WT, B, and WC increased with increasing the weight reduction ratio. However, the G, decreased with increasing the weight loss ratio. Note that, particularly in B, it increased drastically when the weight deduction ratios exceeded 30%. 3. As increasing the wet hot air temperature from 130 to $140^{\circ}C$, B appeared to increase, however, WT, G, and WC appeared to decrease. 4. The best condition found in this continuous process to extract Co-PET is the wet hot air temperature of 140, NaOH concentration of 28% or above, and the treatment time 2-4 min.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.373-379
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• 2001

In an attempt to introduce paprika in wet noodles for improved organoleptic and other quality characteristics, the juices of orange paprika was added as a raw ingredient for wet noodle at 0(control), 15, 30, 45, and 60%(v/w). Overall, the cooked wet noodles containing 15 to 60% paprika juices showed higher sensory scores than control(noodle without Paprika juice), and the acceptabilities for color and overall preference of the products were significantly(p＜0.01) higher at the addition levels of 45% and 30 and 45%, respectively. The intensity analysis for the organoleptic quality characteristics of wet noodles with orange paprika juice showed that as the addition levels increased, there were significant(p＜0.001) increase in the values of acceptances for color and flavor of the products, but not in the tenderness and chewiness. Other quality characteristics like water absorption ratio, weight, volume, and turbidity of the broth after cooking of wet noodles increased in values as affected by the addition of paprika juices. In the Hunter's colorimetric characteristics of the products, the decreased lightness(“L”) along with the increased redness(“a”), yellowness(“b”), and ΔE were caused as the amounts of orange paprika juice increased in wet noodles. For toughness, no significant differences(p＜0.001) were noticed among the samples as measured by Waner-Bratzler blade attached to Texture Analyzer. The results of this study suggested that adding orange paprika juice to wet noodles, most preferably at 45%, increases the acceptance and organoleptic qualities of noodle by affecting the color and flavor of the final products.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2022

This study aims to analyze the physical properties of non-woven fabric sheets, which continue to grow in the cosmetic market. Non-woven fabric sheets were used as specimens, and a total of 17 samples were analyzed. To evaluate the physical properties of the non-woven fabric sheet, the weight, tensile strength, surface properties, free swell absorption, and wet stiffness were tested. Through the results itw was determined that non-woven fabric sheets for mask packs should be manufactured considering fiber arrangement so that the weight is 40 g/m², and the tensile strength should be maintained near 12 kgf. In addition, it was confirmed that the material selection and process conditions should be adjusted so that the free swell absorption is at least 8 g/g, and the wet stiffness is 200 mg. Therefore, since the non-woven fabrics for the mask sheets can be used in various products depending on fabric composition, this study will be expected to be basic data for the continuous growth of the sheet-type mask packs coming to market.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2000년도 제26회 펄프종이기술 국제세미나
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• pp.1-10
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• 2000

The development of paper machines, increasing machine speeds with new, mostly low basis weight and/or high ash content paper grades, as well as the fact that several trends regarding process items have increased the sensitivity of papermaking. At the same time, papermakers are looking for flexibility in the production line. We can say that with all PMs the biggest benefits with the lowest capital spending can be achieved by focusing on improved wet end management. In order to manage wet end chemistry on a paper machine, our goal is to control sub-process through which we can influence the operation of the entire wet end with maximum effect. Key measurements and controls are-white water consistency control which is the most effective way to control retention - charge demand measurement and control which takes care of concentration of the anionic material entering to PM -ash measurements and controls which are deeply related to retention and paper quality This paper presents and concentrates to two of these key controls ; retention and charge. The purpose of charge control is to give the process control the tools to react to changes caused by amount of dissolved and colloida material incoming to wet end system. It is called coagulation or fixing control. Retention control is then taking care of retention aid flow to the process by responding any changes seen in white water consistency. It is called flocculation control. Each of these solutions separately , and even more effectively all together, stabilize the wet end operations and so greatly improve the produced paper quality and machine runnability. Practical results will be presented and they are referring to the latest mill cases. We have developed the first wet end measuring system in the late 1980s and control solutions based on this modern measuring technology were completely updated in 1990s. This paper introduces the principle, operation , and results of our unique wet end analyzers (retention and charge ) which are at the level of automation solutions as a part of paper machine quality control Especially our newest member of the platform , on-line charge analyzer has reached and set new standards to the on-line charge monitoring.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.44-53
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• 2000

The development of paper machines, increasing machine speeds with new, mostly low basis weight and/or high ash content paper grades, as well as the fact that several trends regarding process items have increased the sensitivity of papermaking. At the same time, papermakers are looking for flexibility in the production line. We can say that with all PMs, the biggest benefits with the lowest capital spending can be achieved by focusing on improved wet end management. In order to manage wet end chemistry on a paper machine, our goal is to control subprocesses through which we can influence the operation of the entire wet end with maximum effect. Key measurements and controls are - white water consistency control which is the most effective way to control retention. - charge demand measurement and control which takes care of concentration of the anionic material entering to PM. - ash measurements and controls which are deeply related to retention and paper quality. This paper presents and concentrates to two of these key controls: retention and charge. The purpose of charge control is to give the process control the tools to react to changes caused by amount of dissolved and colloidal material incoming to wet end system. It is called coagulation or fixing control. Retention control is then taking care of retention aid flow to the process by responding any changes seen in white water consistency. It is called flocculation control. Each of these solutions separately, and even more effectively all together, stabilize the wet end operations and so greatly improve the produced paper quality and machine runnability. Practical results will be presented and they are referring to the latest mill cases. We have developed the first wet end measuring system in the late 1980s and control solutions based on this modern measuring technology were completely updated in 1990s. This paper introduces the principle, operation, and results of our unique wet end analyzers (retention and charge) which are at the level of automation solutions as a part of paper machine quality control. Especially our newest member of the platform, on-line charge analyzer has reached and set new standards to the on-line charge monitoring.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.76-81
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• 2002

I investigated whether US naval pulp wastes (pulverized paper products), which is planned to be dumped into offshore waters, may affect the ecology of major components of marine zooplankton. The presence of slurry (0.6% concentration - wet weight ; wet weight) did not significantly affect the population growth rates of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Polykrikos kofoidii fed on Lingulodinium polyedrum, but significantly reduced the ingestion rates of the calanoid copepods Acartia spp. on L. polyedrum and those of the copepod Calanus pacificus on Akashiwo sanguinea (previously Gymnodinium sanguineum). However, C. pacificus, originally exposed to 0.6% slurry for 24 hour, can recover its feeding rates when slurry disappears. Therefore, if slurry is diluted quickly due to trubulence after being dumped at 0.6% concentration, its presence may not affect Calanus. Chemicals leached from slurry did not affect the feeding rate of Calanus. Therefore, mechanical interference by slurry on the feeding and/or swimming of copepods may be mainly responsible for the reduction of the ingestion rates.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.48-60
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• 1999

In this paper, a new regenerated celluosic fiber, "Tencel" was treated with cellulase enzyme. Also Tencel fabrics were pretreated with NaOH and dyed with various reactive dyes, and subsequently finished with DMDHEU. $\Delta{E}^*_{ab}$ value was calculated by measuring color difference before and after wet abrasion test to rubbing. The fibrillation propensity was estimated on Tencel by means of weight loss, $\Delta{E}^*_{ab}$ value, and SEM observation. Weight loss of NaOH pretreated Tencel fabric is more lower than that of original fabric. The cellulase treatment decreased tensile strength but improved wet abrasion strength, wrinkle recovery, and bending properties. Tendency of fibrillation for Tencel fabric was reduced by NaOH-pretreatment, dyeing with multifunctional reactive dyes, and afterfinishing by DMDHEU.by DMDHEU.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2007

Data obtained from field observation revealed that the degree of shell bioerosion of the scallop, Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis, by endolithic organisms significantly higher on the muddy sand than on the sand. At the area studied, the polychaete worm, Polydora brevipalpa (=Polydora ciliata brevipalpa, Polydora ciliata Okuda, Not Johnston, Polydora variegata), which is common symbiotic species for the scallop made 95-100% of total scallop shell bioerosion at the area studied. The muddy bottom sediments enriched by organic matter create favourable conditions for development of microphytobenthos and bacteria, which are predominantly consumed by P. brevipalpa. Linear regressions for the degree of shell bioerosion on the scallop shell height, total wet weight and adductor muscle wet weight revealed negative relationships between them for the scallops inhabiting both sand and muddy sand. The influence of polychaetes on scallops is complex. They may be food competitors. Polychaete can directly affect the host through their boreholes. Scallop expends energy for shell regeneration to prevent the polychaete penetration into its interior cavity. It was found that the degree of shell bioerosion increased considerably with scallop age.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1604-1612
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• 1999

손바닥 선인장의 열매와 줄기를 밀가루에 3, 6 및 9% 첨가하여 제조한 생면의 품질특성과 총균수의 변화를 조사하였다. 선인장 열매와 줄기의 첨가농도가 증가함에 따라 아밀로그래프상의 호화개시온도와 최종점도는 감소하였고, 최고점도는 증가하였다. 생면의 조리후 중량과 부피는 선인장 열매와 줄기를 첨가함에 따라 감소하였고, 조리손실은 증가하였다 조리면의 관능검사 결과, 선인장 열매는 6%, 줄기는 3% 첨가시에 가장 좋은 품질로 평가되었다. 생면의 저장기간동안 총균수는 선인장 열매와 줄기를 첨가함에 따라 현저히 감소하였다. 손바닥 선인장의 열매-메탄올 추출물은 그램 음성균 중 Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157 : H7과 Salmonella typhimurium에 항균 효과를 나타내었으며, 줄기-메탄올 추출물은 Escherichia coli에만 효과를 나타내었다. 그램 양성균 중 Bacillus subtilis에는 열매-메탄올 추출물이 효과를 나타내었다. 이러한 항균 효과에 의해 손바닥 선인장을 첨가한 생면의 총균수 증가는 대조구보다 적은 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.1021-1025
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• 2003

녹차를 이용한 기능성 면류를 제조하기 위해서 가루녹차를 밀가루에 1, 2, 3, 5, 7.5 및 10%첨가하여 제조한 생면의 품질 특성 변화를 조사하였다. 가루녹차의 첨가 농도가 증가함에 따라 아밀로그래프상의 호화개시 온도는 증가하였고, 최고 점도와 최종 점도는 감소하였다. 조리면의 성질도 가루녹차 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 무게와 부피는 상대적으로 감소함을 보였고, 탁도는 증가하였다. 표면색의 측정 결과 L값과 a값은 감소하였고, b값은 증가하였다. 조리면에 대한 TPA(texture profile analysis) 결과 가루녹차 2% 첨가까지는 견고성, 부착성, 탄력성, 씹힘성이 증가하였으나 3% 첨가부터 감소하였으며, 응집성은 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. 조리면의 관능검사 결과 가루녹차 1% 첨가시에 가장 좋은 품질로 평가되었다.