• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2024

Solution styrene-butadiene rubber (S-SBR) is used to improve the wet grip and rolling resistance properties of tire treads. As blending of SBRs can improve the physical properties of tire treads, we investigated the effects of SBR type and blending ratio on the physical properties. Twelve SBR/SBR biblend composites were prepared using four SBRs with different microstructures. The glass transition temperature (T_g), tanδ at 0℃ (wet grip predictor), and tanδ at 60℃ (rolling resistance predictor) were obtained from dynamic mechanical analysis, and were compared to the expected values obtained from the results of single SBR samples. Most of the SBR/SBR biblend composites exhibited crosslink densities lower than the expected values. The tanδ values at 0℃ and 60℃ of the SBR/SBR blend composites deviated from the expected values, with many of the deviations being disadvantageous. Of the twelve composites, six samples had higher 0℃ tanδ values than the corresponding expected values, and four exhibited superior wet grip properties to those of the SBR single samples. In addition, two of the twelve samples exhibited improved rolling resistance properties as compared with the single SBR samples. Finally, four samples exhibited lower T_g values than expected, and the T_g of one composite was lower than those of the single SBR samples.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2024

As regulations on greenhouse gas emission have strengthened globally, the demand for improved fuel efficiency in automobiles continues to rise. In response, the tire industry is actively conducting research to improve fuel efficiency by enhancing tire performance. In this study, silica-filled epoxidized natural rubber (ENR)/butadiene rubber (BR) blend compounds were manufactured according to ENR types and silica contents, and their physical properties and vulcanizate structure were evaluated. ENR-50, which has a higher epoxide content than ENR-25, exhibited stronger filler-rubber interaction, resulting in superior abrasion resistance. In addition, because of its high glass transition temperature (T_g), the wet grip performance of ENR-50 improved, even though the rolling resistance increased. Increasing the amount of silica had little effect on the abrasion resistance due to the increase in filler-rubber interaction and decrease in toughness. In addition, ENR-50 exhibited better wet grip performance; however, the rolling resistance increased. The results indicated that truck bus radial (TBR) tire tread compounds can be designed by applying ENR-50 to improve wear resistance and wet grip performance. In addition, by applying ENR-25 and reducing the silica contents improve fuel efficiency.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2013년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.265-267
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• 2013

Tire labeling is an important issue to reduce $CO_2$ and to secure the safety of tire/vehicle on wet road. A basic study on the effects of tire basic stiffness design on tire labeling performance has been done through experimental test. The pass-by noise is affected by tire structural design. The tire with lower side part stiffness and lower tread part stiffness has the lowest PBN level and the best wet grip. And the tire with higher tread part stiffness and higher side part stiffness has the better RR performance. Also it is observed that the trade-off between RR and wet grip exists for various tire stiffness design.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2015

Silica which is used for reinforcing filler in tire industry is widely known as eco-friendly material exerting $CO_2$ reduction effect through decrease of rolling resistance and improvement of wet grip. Generally silica is classified as a highly polar filler because it contains a large number of silanol (Si-OH) group on its surface. And also silica gives a lower reinforcing effect than carbon black due to its poorer rubber-filler interaction. Therefore silica is treated with silane coupling agent or activator, then following the conventional rubber blend method, vulcanized sheets were prepared using a hot press, and cure characteristics, mechanical properties and abrasion resistance of the test specimens were investigated. It was found that with an increase in the silane coupling agent content the tensile strength, 300% modulus and abrasion resistance increased while Mooney viscosity decreased and crosslink density slightly increased with an increase of activator.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2014

산성기를 도입한 폴리우레탄에 나노산화아연을 첨가하여 열가소성 폴리우레탄 탄성체를 합성하였으며, 합성된 폴리우레탄 탄성체의 기계적물성, 열적특성, 접촉각, 그립특성을 평가하였다. 그리고 산화아연의 함량과 입자 크기가 폴리우레탄 탄성체에 미치는 영향에 대해서 연구하였다. 나노산화아연을 도입한 경우 이온결합이 형성되어 산성기에 의한 수소결합과 동시에 작용하기 때문에 인장강도, 마모 등 기계적 물성 및 그립특성이 향상되는 것이 확인되었다. 폴리우레탄내의 산화아연 함량에 따른 물성평가 결과 나노산화아연 함량이 증가할수록 이온결합 도입에 의한 친수성이 커져서 wet slip이 지속적으로 상승되었으며, 기계적 물성은 산화아연에 의한 이온화율 50%까지 향상되다가 그 이후에는 감소되는 현상을 나타내었다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.299-307
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• 2019

Rubber friction properties include adhesion friction characteristics of the interface, hysteresis friction characteristics originating from repeated rubber deformations, and cohesion friction characteristics due to wear and tear. Cohesion friction is generally sufficiently small (< 3%) that it can be ignored, whereas adhesion friction has a relatively large contribution of 15%, but has not been investigated thoroughly. Therefore, through an adhesion friction study, the adhesion mechanism was examined and the relationship between friction characteristics and adhesion friction on dry surfaces was derived. The wet grip characteristics of tread rubber are fully described by the hysteresis characteristics of tires, but friction characteristics on dry roads are difficult to determine without adhesion factors. The results presented herein demonstrate that the combination of hysteresis and adhesion properties in the tread rubber sufficiently explained the characteristics of the dry grip. Based on the results of this study, technologies will be developed to determine the key factors governing adhesion friction characteristics and improve dry tire braking performance.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.214-221
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• 2007

This paper presents a myoelectric hand prosthesis(MHP) with two degree of freedom(2-DOF), which consists of a mechanical hand, a surface myoelectric sensor(SMES) for measuring myoelectric signal, a control system and a charging battery. The actuation for the 2-DOF hand functions such as grasping and wrist rotation was performed by two DC-motors, and controlled by myoelectric signal measured from the residual forearm muscle. The grip force of the MHP was automatically changed by a mechanical automatic speed reducer mounted on the hand. The skin interface of SMES was composed of the electrodes using the SUS440 metal in order to endure a wet condition due to the sweat. The sensor was embedded with a amplifier and a filter circuit for rejecting the offset voltage caused by power line noises. The control system was composed of the grip force sensor, the slip sensor, and the two controllers. The two controllers were made of a RISC-type microprocessor, and its software was executed on a real-time kernel. The control system used Force Sensing Resistors, FSR, as slip pick-ups at the fingertip of a thumb and the grip force information was obtained from a strain-gauge on the lever of the MHP. The experimental results were showed that the proposed control system is feasible for the MHP.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.256-262
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• 2013

Sulfuric acid group을 도입하여 열가소성 폴리우레탄을 제조하였으며, sulfuric acid의 함량을 변경하여 acid 함량에 따른 특성 변화를 연구하였다. 그리고 carboxylic acid를 도입한 폴리우레탄을 제조하여 비교 분석했다. 연구 결과 acid group을 도입함으로써 인장강도, 마모 등 기계적 물성 및 그립 특성이 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, Acid 함량별로 물성을 측정한 결과, 일정한 함량까지 기계적 물성은 증가하며 일정 함량 이상에서는 기계적 물성이 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Wet slip의 경우 또한 acid group 도입에 의해 친수성이 증가함으로 acid 함량이 증가할수록 wet slip은 증가 하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Carboxylic acid를 도입한 폴리우레탄과 비교 결과, 수소결합력이 약해 기계적 물성은 낮게 나타났으나 rebounding 특성은 더 높게 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2013

Acid group을 도입하여 접착 및 그립성이 향상된 casting 폴리우레탄을 합성하였다. 폴리우레탄의 그립 특성 및 접착 특성을 확인하였고, 접촉각 및 인장강도, 기계적 물성 등을 연구하였다. Acid 함량에 따른 특성들을 조사하기 위해 acid 함량별로 경화제를 제조하여 각각의 특성들을 연구하였다. Acid group을 도입함으로써 접착력 및 wet slip이 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 인장강도 및 마모 등 기계적 물성 또한 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Acid 함량별로 물성을 측정한 결과 일정한 함량까지 기계적 물성은 증가하며, 일정 함량 이상에서는 기계적 물성 및 접착력이 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Wet slip과 접촉각의 경우에는 acid group 도입에 의해 친수성이 증가함으로 acid 함량이 증가할수록 wet slip은 증가하며 접촉각의 경우에는 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 carboxylic acid group이 도입된 열가소성 폴리우레탄(thermoplastic polyurethane, TPU)과 동적 가교형 TPV (thermoplastic vulcanizate)계 열가소성 탄성체를 제조하였으며, 탄성체 분자구조 내 acid group의 도입에 따른 기계적 물성, 그립성, 데브리스, 접촉각 및 접착특성 변화에 대해서 평가하였다. 연구결과 acid group이 도입된 경우 수소결합의 증가로 인해 기계적 물성과 wet slip 특성이 향상되었으며, 카르복시산에 의해 표면 극성이 증가되었기 때문에 접착력 또한 향상되었다. 그리고 acid group이 도입된 TPU를 사용해서 TPV를 제조한 결과 TPU 자체에 비해 감성특성과 데브리스(debris) 특성이 향상되었다.