• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.18 no.12
• /
• pp.1679-1685
• /
• 2008

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a naturally occurring compound found in dairy and beef products. It has been shown to suppress cancer cells and to induce apoptosis. Practically, there is emerging evidence that CLA can inhibit chemically induced carcinogenesis in various tissues. However, the molecular mechanisms of CLA on human MCF-7 breast cancer cells have not been clearly explained yet. In this report, we investigated the anti-cancer activity of CLA in MCF-7 cells. It was found that CLA could inhibit the growth of the MCF-7 cells and induce apoptosis, through modulating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). AMPK acts as a cellular fuel gauge and responds to decreased cellular energy status by inhibiting ATP-consuming pathways and increasing ATP-synthesis. CLA treatment with variable concentrations and different time of same-dose CLA on MCF-7 cells resulted in a strong activation of AMPK and an inhibition of COX-2 expression. It supports that CLA induces apoptosis in CLA-treated MCF 7 cells. Therefore, the effects of CLA induced COX-2 expression via activating AMPK can provide new possibility into the understanding the molecular mechanisms of anti-cancer component.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.352-358
• /
• 2020

Red yeast rice has been extensively used as a food and traditional medicine for thousands of years in Korea. Monascus produces many secondary metabolites during its growth, including pigments, monacolins, and γ-aminobutyric acid. Some metabolites, specifically monacolin K, γ-aminobutyric acid, and dimerumic acid, have been reported to lower cholesterol and blood pressure because of certain antioxidant effects. This study investigated the total phenolic content of ethanol extract from red yeast rice fermented with Monascus sp. BHN-MK and its anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. To assess its anti-inflammatory effect, the inhibitory activity of the ethanol extract on LPS-induced NO production and expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 proteins in macrophage cells were measured. Its total polyphenol content was higher than that of ordinary non-fermented rice. Its NO production inhibition activity was comparable to that of the negative control group treated with LPS at a concentration of 400 ㎍/ml. Western blot revealed a significant decrease in the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 protein expression at concentrations of 400 and 800 ㎍/ml, respectively. Red yeast rice ethanol extracts exerted the strongest anti-inflammatory effects. The results indicate that red yeast rice could be used as a functional cosmetic and anti-inflammatory material.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.51 no.1
• /
• pp.61-67
• /
• 2015

Recently, change of Western pattern diet and lifestyle is caused by various metabolic disorders and chronic diseases. These diseases need to take medicine regularly. Also, many people take health functional food, various vitamins and nutritional supplements in order to maintain a healthy life. But, there was no study about affects taking medicines against bacteria with gastrointestinal relevance. This study was performed by antibacterial activity test to evaluate the influence of a long time or commonly used medication. As a result, medicines of Vitamins & Minerals or Central nervous system show antibacterial activity against beneficial enteric bacteria and harmful enteric bacteria. Dexibuprofen of the Anti-inflammatory Drugs that acts on the central nervous system has shown high antibacterial activity at beneficial enteric bacteria strains (Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus) and harmful enteric bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). Also, fenofibric acid of the antilipemic agents that acts on the Cardiovascular & Hematopoietic system has shown high antibacterial activity at beneficial enteric bacteria strains (Lactobacillus casei). Vitamins & Minerals appeared antibacterial activity against most intestinal bacteria. Vitamin B-Complex/with C and vitamin C were especially high with beneficial enteric bacteria strains (Bifidobacterium infantis) and harmful enteric bacteria (E. coli, E. aerogenes, S. flexneri, S. Typhimurium, S. aureus). Therefore, these results indicate that variously taking medicines have generally antibacterial activity against harmful enteric bacteria strains and beneficial enteric bacteria strains.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.370-378
• /
• 2012

This study is to find out the distribution characteristic of Octopus minor in the Tando Bay on the southwest coast of Korea with conducting surveys from May of 2006 to April of 2007. Surveys were carried out at 20 stations on 2 and 3 tide time in the low speed of high tide at night and conducted during 30minutes (4 times fishing) per station. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) was estimated by total catch per 500hooks at each station. Monthly CPUE showed that they put highest in October, November, April and June at 10.4, 10.5, 9.4 and 7.7 individuals respectively. On the other hand, CPUE put lowest in January, the coldest month, and August, the hottest month, at 0.2 and 0.3 individuals respectively. As for geographical mantle length distribution, average mantle length ranged from 6.2cm to 7.3cm at stations near the tidal channels (St. 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19 and 20), and was smaller than 6.0cm at stations located inside of bay (St. 2, 3, 7, 11, 12 and 17). In terms of geographical distribution density, CPUE showed higher than 8.0 at St.4 in Changmaeri, St.8 in Taecheonri, St.13 near Seondo, St.18 in Naeri and St.14 in western part of Tando which are located near the main tidal channels. And distribution density showed low that CPUE was lower than 5.0 individuals at stations located inside of bay (St. 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12, 16 and 20). Through the results, the difference of distribution density reflects that distribution of Octopus minor is affected by direction of current and inflow of pollutant from land in direct. Therefore, it is considered that bottom composition of tidal flat and distribution of live food are the crucial cause of identifying the distribution characteristics of Octopus minor. For this reason, it is judged to need additional research on it.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to make an evaluation on menu selection and satisfaction levels of the tourists who visit Korean restaurants in Busan. This study aims to propose general, strategic plans for improving the menu quality management of Korean restaurants in the future and find out measures to make restaurant users satisfied and revisit. A survey was conducted on ordinary people who had visited Korean restaurants in tourist hotels in Busan. A total of 310 copies of questionnaire were distributed to them from September 1 to 30, 2008. The SPSS/PC+ for Window 12.0 was used for data processing and analysis. As a result, it was found that selection attributes of Korean restaurant menu had an effect on customer satisfaction and revisit intention, and the most influential factors were health and menu designs. These days, people are getting more interested in keeping in shape with the Well-being trend. Such a modern trend is an important factor when selecting menu items. Therefore, when menu management is considered, health-related factors need to be considered more than anything else. In addition, various and unique menu items need to be designed to draw people's curiosity and make customers revisit.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.55 no.6
• /
• pp.478-484
• /
• 2011

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is known to be frequently associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. We examined the effects of EtOH extracts from Triticum aestivum on lipid accumulation during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to screening the candidate materials in preventing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The lipid level in adipocytes was determined by Oil Red O staining. The treatment of 50% ethanol, but not water and 100% ethanol extracts, from Triticum aestivum at concentration of 0.5 $mg/ml$ inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells, revealing no cell toxicity. Thus, the fractions of $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc and BuOH were separated from 50% EtOH extract to characterize anti-adipogenic effect. The $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction at concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$ effectively inhibited the lipid accumulation in the adipocytes compared to those of EtOAc and BuOH at concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$. The intracellular triglyceride accumulation also was significantly reduced by treatment of $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction in concentration-dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that the $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction attenuated the intracelluar level of fatty acid synthase(FAS) accompanied by attenuated expression of Peroxidase proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$) adipogenic transcription factor. These results suggest that $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction from 50% EtOH extract of Triticum aestivum may has the potent anti-adipogenic effects by inhibiting the transactivation of $PPAR{\gamma}$.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.58-62
• /
• 1999

Method to access qualities of brown sauce and optimize its cooking conditions was studied by sensory evaluation and response surface methodology. Cooks of an hotel, sauce experts, were selected as sensory panelists, and the brown sauce cooking conditions practically used in an hotel were adopted to prepare sauce samples for the sensory test. The cooking conditions were designed with two factors, i.e., one factor of roux contents with three levels and the other factor of cooking times with three levels, which were known as most important in sauce cooking. Sensory acceptance evaluation with intensity 7 grades was applied for several sauce attributes such as color, flavour, viscosity, taste and overall. Ability of each panel to perceive the differences between the brown sauces prepared under different cooking conditions was judged, and only data of the 9 panelists proved as reliable among the 12 panelists were reflected. The acceptances by different cooking conditions were found to be in the order of 11 > 9 > 13% roux contents and 8 > 9 > 7 hr cooking times. Response surface methodology was treated with second-order model on the sensory data and the optimum cooking conditions with the highest acceptances were $10.3{\sim}10.8%$ roux content and 8 hr cooking time.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.661-672
• /
• 2006

This study was performed to determine the dietary risk factors associated with hypertension. The hypertensive group were composed of 112 hypertensive patients (male 53, female 59) who first visited the hypertension clinic and had been diagnosed as having primary hypertension ($SBP{\ge}140mmHg\;or\;DBP{\ge}90mmHg$). The regular visitors or the subjects on special diets or medical therapies were excluded. The normal group consisted of as subjects (male 41, female 54) matched with age and socioeconomic levels. The subjects having higher intakes (above the 75 percentile) in energy, protein, iron, vitamin A or C showed significantly higher hypertension risk estimated with odds ratio after the covariance factors (age, sex and BMI) were adjusted. More than 2400 mg of sodium (6 g of salt) intake was associated with significantly higher risk of hypertension (odds ratio: 1.773, CI: 1.014-3.014 for $SBP{\ge}140mmHg$; odds ratio: 2.373, CI: 1.359-4.215 for $DBP{\ge}90mmHg$). Hypertensive group showed significantly increased intakes of vegetables and fish and shell fish compared to the normal group. When the vegetable intakes were classified into Kimchi, fresh vegetables and cooked vegetables with seasoning, the hypertensive group was observed as having higher intakes of Kimchi and cooked vegetables with seasoning. The intakes of highest quartile for vegetables (${\ge}327g/day$) (odds ratio: 3.164, CI: 1.740-5.752), fish and their products (${\ge}102g/day$) (odds ratio: 2.756, CI: 1.486-5.109), grains(${\ge}311g/day$) (odds ratio 2.393, CI: 1.186-4.832), meats and their product (${\ge}106g$) (odds ratio: 2.210, CI: 1.225 - 3.987) compared to the lower were significantly associated with the higher risk of hypertension estimated with DBP (${\ge}90mmHg$) after covariance factors were adjusted. In conclusion, our findings confirm that higher intake of energy or sodium are associated with the increased risk of hypertension. Because increased intake of vegetable or fish was associated with the higher risk of hypertension, in contrast with the finding of western countries, choosing or preparation of vegetables or fish with reduced salt is recommended.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.275-282
• /
• 2010

Chunghyul-dan (CHD) is a combinatorial drug known to exert anti-inflammatory effects in endothelial cells. In this study, we employed global transcriptional profiling using cDNA microarrays to identify molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of CHD in endothelial cells. An analysis of the microarray data revealed that transcript levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular cell-adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and activated leukocyte cell-adhesion molecule were dramatically altered in CHD-treated endothelial cells. These changes in gene expression were confirmed by RT-PCR, Western blotting and ELISA. Chronic CHD treatment also appeared to decrease MCP-1 secretion, probably as a result of decreased MCP-1 expression. In addition, we determined that chronic CHD treatment inhibited lipopolysaccharide-stimulated adhesion of THP-1 leukocytes to endothelial cells. The inhibitory effect of CHD on LPS-stimulated adhesion resulted from downregulation of VCAM-1 expression. Transmigration of THP-1 leukocytes through endothelial cells was also inhibited by chronic CHD treatment. In conclusion, CHD controls a variety of inflammatory activities by regulating MCP-1 and VCAM-1 gene expression.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.16 no.7 s.80
• /
• pp.1235-1242
• /
• 2006

Sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate derived from hydrolysis of glucoraphanin in broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables, was shown to induce phase II detoxification enzymes and inhibit chemically induced mammary tumors in rodents. Recently, sulforaphane is known to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human canter cells, however its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In tile present study, we demonstrated that sulforaphane acted to inhibit proliferation and induce morphological changes of human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. Treatment of HepG2 cells with $10{\mu}M\;or\;15{\mu}M$ sulforaphane resulted in significant G2/M cell cycle arrest as determined by DNA flow cytometry. Moreover, $20{\mu}M$ sulforaphane significantly induced the population of sub-G1 cells suggesting that sulforaphane induced apoptosis. This anti-proliferative effect of sulforaphane was accompanied by a marked inhibition of ryclin A, cyclin 31 and Cdc2 protein. However, the levels of tumor suppressor p53 and Cdk inhibitor p21 mRNA and protein expression were significantly increased by sulforaphane treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. Although further studies are needed, the present work suggests that sulforaphane may be a potential rhemoprevetiveichemotherapeucc agent for the treatment of human cancer cells.