• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.194-197
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• 2001

Background and Objectives: Supraglottic cancer have a great tendency to spread cervical lymph nodes and lymph node metastasis is a well known prognostic factor. However the treatment for N0 neck in supraglottic cancer is still controversial. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed our neck management of supraglottic cancer patients who present with cN0 contralateral neck from 1989 through 1997. 36 patients were eligible for analysis. The primary site was surgically removed and the neck was managed by elective neck irradiation (ENI), elective neck dissection (END), or therapeutic neck dissection (TND) with postoperative radiation therapy (PORT). Results: Our results revealed that 18 of 36 patients have clinically negative neck, another 18 patients have clinically positive neck (N1-3). In clinically negative group, 12 of 18 patients were received ENI and there was 1 failure in contralateral neck area. Remaining 6 patients were received END with PORT and there was no failure. In clinically positive neck group, 3 of 18 patients were received ipsilateral TND and an additional contralateral END with PORT. Remaining 15 patients who were received TND with PORT, developed 3 neck failure. Conclusion: ENI or ipsilateral or bilateral END can be done in the cN0 neck of supraglottic cancer however ipsilateral TND and contralateral END with PORT is reasonable for the cN(+) neck.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.403-409
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• 2016

Traditional towed line arrays using omni-directional sensor suffer from the well known port-starboard ambiguity, because the direction of arrival is determined by conic angle. The operational method and structure of the sensor arrays method have been proposed to solve this problem. Recently, a lot of research relating to the acoustic vector sensor are studied. In this paper, we study port-starboard discrimination for roll of acoustic vector sensor array. With one omni-directional sensor and three orthogonally-placed directional sensors, an acoustic vector sensor is able to measure both the acoustic pressure and the three directional velocities at the point of the sensor. The wrong axis due to the roll at directional sensors can degrade performance of beamforming. We investigate port-starboard discrimination for roll of sensor array and confirm the validity of performance of beamforming with compensated the roll.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.181-186
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• 2020

Until now, the development of design and operation model for automated container terminals has been mainly performed based on the western ports model, specializing in basic loading, and discharging operations. In the case of the Busan port, terminal operators provide basic stevedoring, as well as an additional logistics service known as 'On Dock Service' not suitable for the currently commercialized automated container terminal model. This study diagnosed the current Busan port's throughput structure and terminal operational characteristic, and proposed a modified perpendicular layout container terminal transport model named 'Interchange Transport Model' for effective management of empty container and operation costs. Although the 'Interchange Transport Model' requires an additional number of transport equipment (AGV), concerning operational efficiency and cost saving, a simulation showed 22% reduction of TAT and 9.4% reduction of annual terminal operational costs in comparison to the basic perpendicular layout model.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.51-58
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• 2000

It is well known that the majority of the emissions measured from vehicle exhaust in the US Federal Test Procedure(FTP-75) are emitted during the first 60 seconds. This paper describes an experimental study on SI engine emissions reduction after cold start with interval secondary air injection and coolant control. Secondary air injection after cold start to reduce exhaust emissions causes an exothermic reaction at the exhaust port and gives sufficient air to the catalyst. For that reason engine-out emissions oxidized in the exhaust port and the rapid heating of a catalytic converter after cold start with CSAI and ISAI are estimated. The influence of the coolant temperature on SI engine emissions has been estimated. In the present studycoolant control of the cylinder head tempeature is used to investigate the effect of coolant temperature on SI engine emissions. The results show that engine-out hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions are considerably reduced with interval secondary air injection and coolant control.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.67 no.10
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• pp.1344-1352
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose a two-port S-parameter data to diagnose the fault conditions of a single-phase transformer. Using the S-parameters we can measure the reflection and transmission characteristics of signal power at the port of a transformer, which can also be converted into ABCD parameters and Z parameters through a well-known conversion formulas. Transformer fault diagnoses can be performed based on the intuitive and qualitative/quantitative characteristics of the these parameters. In addition, we can obtain wide frequency characteristics at the primary and secondary sides of the transformer, which can be used to get time domain responses using the inverse Fourier transformation with some specific input waveform. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, the fault conditions were analyzed in simulation and experiment for 3 kVA single phase transformer with 15: 5 turns ratio, and the validity of the proposed method was verified.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.197-202
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• 2004

It is well known that the hydrodynamic interaction forces between ship and bank wall affect ship manoeuvring motion. This paper deals with the interaction effect acting on a ship navigating closely in the proximity of bank wail. In this paper, the calculation method based on the slender body theory for estimation of the hydrodynamic interaction forces between ship and bank wail is applied. The hydrodynamic interaction forces acting on a ship during passing through the proximity of the bank wail are predicted to evaluate an influence of these interaction forces on ship manoeuvrability. The calculation method used in this paper will be useful for prediction of ship manoeuvrability at the initial stage of design, for automatic control system of ship in confined waterways, for discussion of marine traffic control system and for construction of harbour.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.291-305
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• 2009

As you known well, Ulsan port is very famous for handling chemical products which occupies about 80% of quantities of all Korean ports. Many ship's operators prefer to handle liquid cargo es at proper anchorages instead of the berth for saving port expenses. Ulsan M-10 anchorage was assigned for handling liquid cargoes, however this anchorage's space is restricted by the oil pipeline which lays under seabed about 400m off from the center of M-10 anchorage, for which we have to consider of the external force and counter force for keeping the safety of anchoring. Where, external force is induced by wind, tidal currents and wave while counter force is induced by holding power of anchor/chain. In this study, author evaluated a method to analyze theoretically the limit of external force condition up to which an anchoring ship can keep her position without dragging, and for which applied to many kinds of combined Ships as mother ship of 50,000 DWT Tanker and 4 sizes of Tanker as alongsided ship.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.595-604
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• 2016

Utilizing a standard 130-nm CMOS process, a RF frontend is designed at 24 GHz for automotive collision avoidance radar application. Single IF direct conversion receiver (DCR) architecture is adopted to achieve high integration level and to alleviate the DCR problem. The proposed frontend is composed of a two-stage LNA and downconversion mixers. To save power consumption, and to enhance gain and linearity, stacked NMOS-PMOS $g_m$-boosting technique is employed in the design of LNA as the first stage. The switch transistors in the mixing stage are biased in subthreshold region to achieve low power consumption. The single balanced mixer is designed in PMOS transistors and is also realized based on the well-known folded architecture to increase voltage headroom. This frontend circuit features enhancement in gain, linearity, and power dissipation. The proposed circuit showed a maximum conversion gain of 19.6 dB and noise figure of 3 dB at the operation frequency. It also showed input and output return losses of less than -10 dB within bandwidth. Furthermore, the port-to-port isolation illustrated excellent characteristic between two ports. This frontend showed the third-order input intercept point (IIP3) of 3 dBm for the whole circuit with power dissipation of 6.5 mW from a 1.5 V supply.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.920-932
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• 1994

The combustion phenomena of a reciprocating engine is one of the most important processes affecting performance and emissions. One effective way to improve the engine combustion is to control the motion of the charge inside a cylinder by means of optimum induction system design, because the flame speed is mainly determined by the turbulence at compression(TDC) process in S.I. engine. It is believed that the tumble and swirl motion generated during intake breaks down into small-scale turbulence in the compression stroke of the cycle. However, the exact nature of their relationship is not well known. This paper describes cycle resolved LDV measurement of turbulent flow inside the cylinder of a 4-valve engine under motoring(non-firing) conditions, and studies the effect of intake port configurations on the turbulence characteristics using following parameters ; Eulerian temporal autocorrelation coefficient, turbulence energy spectral density function, Taylor micro time scale, integral time scale, and integral length scale.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.333-337
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• 2004

It is well known that the hydrodynamic interaction forces between ship and bank wall affect ship manoeuvring motion This paper deals with the interaction effect acting on a ship navigating closely in the proximity of bank wall. In this paper, the calculation method based on the slender body theory for estimation of the hydrodynamic interaction forces between ship and bank wall is applied. The hydrodynamic interaction forces acting on a ship during passing through the proximity of the bank wall are predicted to evaluate an influence of these interaction forces on ship manoeuvrability. The calculation method used in this paper will be useful for prediction of ship manoeuvrability at the initial stage of design, for automatic control system of ship in confined waterways, for discussion of marine traffic control system and for construction of harbour.