• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.3236-3246
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• 2000

XML is a meta-language as SGML and also can be xonsructed as an Internet versionof simplified SGML being used in confunction with XLL. Xpointer and XSL. Also W3C established DTDless Well-Formed XML document to use XML document on the Web. But it isnt offered system that consists of browsing, link and DTD generating facihty, and efficiently processes DTDless Well-Formed XML document. This paper studies on an implementation and design of system to process DTDless Well-Formed XML document on the client-side. This system consists of Well-Formed XML viewer displaying Well-Formed XML documet, XLL Processor processing Xll and Auto DTD generator constructing automatically DTDs based on multiple documents of the same class. This study focuses on automatic DTD generation during hyperlink navigation and an implementation of extended links based on XLL and Xpointer. ID and Xpointer location address are used as the address mode in the links. As a result of implement of this system, it conforms to validationof extended link facihties, extracts DTD from Well-Fromed XML Documents including same root element at the same class and constructs generalized DTD.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.04b
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• pp.124-126
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• 2004

최근 인터넷 상에서 정보 양이 증대함에 따라 DTD 기반의 XML을 이용하여 방대한 정보를 효율적으로 저장하고 검색하기 위한 많은 연구들이 진행되고 있다 하지만 DTD의 문서를 작성에는 많은 노력이 필요하고, 문서 구조의 검사가 필요 없는 간단한 문서만 사용하는데 있어서 DTD 작성은 불필요한 작업이 아닐 수 없다. 하지만 DTD 문서가 없을 경우에도 XML 기본 문법만 맞으면 문서를 파싱할 수 있고, 불필요한 네트？ 부담을 줄이기 위해 DTD없이 전송한 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 DTD가 없는 Well-Formed XML 문서를 구성하는 엘리먼트의 구조를 통해 정보를 추출하고, 주기억장치의 효율적인 저장 공간을 활용한 CS$B^{＋}$-Tree 인덱스를 이용하여 Well-formed XML 문서를 저장하기 위한 기법을 제안한다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1971

The purpose of this note is to use primitive recursive functions and predicates similar to those presented by Davis [2] to show the well-known result first proved by Godel in [3] that the well-formed formulas of a pure functional calculus form a recursive set. The technique shown in this paper immediately suggests a unique approach to Theorem proving using a computer.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1599-1610
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• 2015

Cold Formed Steel members are widely used in today's construction industry. However the structural behavior of light gauge high strength cold formed steel sections characterized by various buckling modes are not yet fully understood. Because of their simple forming and easy connections, the commonly used cold formed sections for beams are C and Z. However both these sections suffer from certain buckling modes. To achieve much improved structural performance of cold formed sections for beams both in terms of strength and stiffness, it is important to either delay or completely eliminate their various modes of buckling. This paper presents various innovative sectional profiles and stiffening arrangements for cold formed steel beams which would successfully contribute in delaying or eliminating various modes of premature buckling, thus considerably improving the load carrying capacity as well as stiffness characteristics of such innovative cold formed sections compared to conventional cold formed steel sections commonly used for beams.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.6 no.3 s.21
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• pp.77-86
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• 2006

The stress analysis of cold-formed channel section steel beams under transverse load is presented. The local buckling as well as the lateral buckling effects are included in the analysis. The analytical model is developed based on the thin-walled beam theory, and a one-dimensional finite element model is formulated to solve the analytical model. Numerical results are compared with AISI code. It shows that the proposed model is appropriate for predicting of stress as well as deflection of the cold-formed channel section beam.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.883-897
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• 2012

Cold-formed channel sections are used in a variety of applications in which they are required to absorb deformation energy. This paper investigates the collapse behaviour and energy absorption capability of cold-formed steel channels with flange edge stiffeners under large deformation major-axis bending. The Yield Line Mechanism technique is applied using the energy method, and based upon measured spatial plastic collapse mechanisms from experiments. Analytical solutions for the collapse curve and in-plane rotation capacity are developed, and used to model the large deformation behaviour and energy absorption. The analytical results are shown to compare well with experimental values. Due to the complexities of the yield line model of the collapse mechanism, a simplified procedure to calculate the energy absorbed by channel sections under large bending deformation is developed and also shown to compare well with the experiments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society Of Semiconductor Equipment Technology
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.109-112
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• 2007

In this paper we describe a robust method of improving precision in monitoring high energy ion implantation processes. Ion implant energy accuracy was measured in the device manufacturing process using an unpatterned implanted layer on an intrinsic p-type silicon wafer. To increase Rs sensitivity to energy at the well implant process, a PN junction structure was formed by P-well and deep N-well implants into the p-type Si wafer. It was observed that the depletion layer formed by the PN junction was very sensitive to energy variation of the well implant. Conclusively, it can be recommended to monitor well implant processes using the Rs measurement method described herein, i.e., a PN junction diode structure since it shows excellent Rs sensitivity to variation caused by energy difference at the well implant step.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.304-309
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• 1998

Incubation condition affecting the chlamydospore formation and isolation from mycelia and conidia of Cylindrocarpon destructanse (isolate ACY-9701), isolated from the root rot lesion of the American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) was investigated. Chlamydospores were formed from mycilia but not from conidia on the Czapek-Dox agar without carbon or nitrogen source after 20 days incubation at 2$0^{\circ}C$. In the medium added with nitrogen and carbon sources, immatured chlamy-dospore-like cells were formed from microconidia and mycelia as well. Immatured chlamydospore-like cells were formed from mycelia as well as microconidia In corn, kidney bean, and pea root extracts after 20 days incubation at 20"C, while typical chlamydospores were formed from both of them in the root extract of Panax quinquefolium. The 3.6 log chlamydospore/mm" was converted from microconidia in the medium, which was equal to 2.5% conidia formed. Under the light condition (251.1 pmol/m" sec, 12 hrs dark and light cycle), 4.2 log/mm" of chlamydospores were converted from interracially or terminal cells of macroconidia, which was 4.0% of macroconidia produced on Potato dextrose agar (PDA). When mycelia and microconidia were stored at -7$0^{\circ}C$ for 32 days and incubated on PDA after thawing at room temperature to isolate chlamydospores from them, microconidia and mycelia were still alive. Meanwhile, microconidial lysis was found after heating them at 32$^{\circ}C$ for 7 days, but the chlamydospores converted from macroconidia were not lysed up to 13 days at 32"C. to 13 days at 32"C.ot;C.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.397-402
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• 2012

Morphological control on hydroxyapatite crystals has attractive prospects in research to clarify the effects of crystal planes on biological performance. Hydrothermal processing is known as a typical type of processing for fabricating well-grown crystals with unique morphology. The purpose of the present study is to examine the feasibility of well-crystallized crystals with oriented structures through hydrothermal treatment of calcite. A single crystal of calcite was applied to hydrothermal treatment in a phosphate solution at $160^{\circ}C$. Rod-shaped hydroxyapatite crystals with micrometer-size were formed on the {100} face of calcite after treatment, while nanometer-sized hydroxyapatite crystals were formed on the (111). The hydroxyapatite crystals formed on each plane were not morphologically changed with increasing treatment periods. An oriented structure of rod-shaped hydroxyapatite was constructed after hydrothermal treatment of {100} planes on the calcite single, while such orientation was not observed on the (111) plane after the treatment. The layer of hydroxyapatite formed on the {100} plane was thicker than that of the (111) plane. The {100} plane of calcite shows a higher reactivity than that of the (111) plane, which results in rapid crystal growth of hydroxyapatite. The difference in the morphology of the formed hydroxyapatite was governed by the reactivity of each crystal plane exposed to the surrounding solution.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.173-179
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate comparatively the microstructural characteristics and hardness of discontinuous precipitates (DPs) in Mg-9%Al alloy, which were formed by continuous cooling (CC) from 678 K to RT and isothermal aging (IA) at 413 K, respectively. In as-cast state, the Mg-9%Al alloy consisted of partially divorced eutectic β(Mg₁₇Al₁₂) particles with a small amount of DPs showing (α+β) lamellar morphology adjacent to the β particles. The DPs formed by CC had interlamellar spacings in a broad range of 0.85~2.12 ㎛ (1.51 ㎛ in average) owing to the various formation temperatures in response to continuous cooling process. Meanwhile, the DPs formed by IA had relatively narrower interlamellar spacings of 0.14~0.29 ㎛ (0.21 ㎛ in average), which is associated with the low and constant formation temperature. Thinner and higher volume fraction of β phase layers were noticeable in the DPs formed by IA. Higher hardness values were obtained in the DPs formed by IA than the DPs formed by CC, which may well be ascribed to the finer lamellar structure and higher β phase content of the DPs formed by IA.