• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.234-244
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was carried out in order to analyze the composition of the leaves and stems of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai, with the aim of obtaining basic data for utilizing the plant as a food ingredient, as well as for processing. Methods: Leaves and stems from Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai were harvested at Cheongcheon-myeon, Geosan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, and were subsequently freeze-dried and ground to a fine powder for chemical component analysis and safety evaluation. Results: The moisture contents of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai leaves and stems were respectively 65.07% and 40.97%, and the crude ash contents were 1.32% and 0.91%. In addition, the crude protein contents were 11.97% and 3.77%, and the crude fat contents were 2.52% and 0.36%, respectively. The fructose and glucose contents were 32.13 mg/g and 56.17 mg/g for leaves, and 11.38 mg/g and 10.59 mg/g for stems. The major fatty acids of the leaves were palmitic acid (31.79%) and stearic acid (14.79%), and those for stems were linolenic acid (32.78%) and palmitic acid (26.75%). The ascorbic acid contents of leaves and stems were 1.32 mg/g and 0.30 mg/g respectively. The calcium content was found to be the highest among the minerals tested, both in the leaves and stems, with the levels being 166.17 mg/100 g for leaves and 592.34 mg/100 g for stems. The content of organic acid was greater in leaves than in stems, with that of malic acid accounting for more than 75% of total organic acids for both samples. The total phenolic compounds and flavonoid contents of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai were 50.64 mg/g and 13.53 mg/g in leaves and 96.47 mg/g and 18.53 mg/g in stems, respectively. No changes were shown in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) among 2,000 polychromatic erythrocytes compared to the negative control. Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai was administered orally to rats in order to investigate acute toxicity. The $LD_{50}$ values in rats were above 2,000 mg/kg. Conclusion: These results indicate that the leaves and stems of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai can be used as natural ingredients in the development of nutritional and functional materials.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2006

Microorganisms involved in decaying Fuji apples during storage were investigated. Seven pathogens were isolated from the rotted fruits. Penicillium spp. was derived from 65-75% of decayed apples with P. expansum being dominant species. Effects of mild heat treatment on microbial reduction, respiration, and texture characteristics in Fuji apples were examined through hot water dipping at $40-65^{\circ}C$ for varied timε periods. Initial counts of total microorganisms and moulds in fresh fruits s showed 4.75 and 4.66 log CFU/g in a stem, as well as 5.35 and 4.32 log CFU/g in a calyx, respectively. The heat treatment at $40^{\circ}C$ for 180 min significantly reduced the population of total microorganisms and moulds in the fruits. Respiration rate of the apple fruits increased immediately after heat treatment and then returned to the normal level during storage. The rates of ethylene production in the fruits treated at $40-50^{\circ}C$ were maintained lower than that of the untreated control. The fruits treated at $40^{\circ}C$ showed slightly greater flesh firmness than the other apple samples during storage.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.466-469
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• 1999

Cladocera are important food organism for seed production of finfishes. freshwater cladocera such as Daphnia and Moina are well known food organisms for the larval rearing of freshwater fishes and are easy for mass culture. However, mass culture technique for marine cladocera are not yet developed, The only mass produced food organisms available these days for the larval production of marine finfishes are rotifer and Artemia. An estuarine cladoceran, Diaphanosoma celebensis, has a high possibility of being used as a food organism for the larval rearing of marine finfishes because this species is much easier to mass culture than marine ones. Therefore many studies are needed for this species. In this study, the effects of the volumes of culture container, 40, 1,500 and 15,000 ml, on the stable production of this species were tested and results are as follow: The maximum densities of this species in each of the culture volumes were reached after 14 days in 40 ml, 12 days in 1,500 ml, and 21 days in 15,000 ml with values of 3.4 $\pm$ 0.4, 14.2 $\pm$ 2.1 and 2.5 $\pm$ 1.6 per ml, respectively. The relative population growth index (RPGI) was stable in the culture volume of 1,500 ml. Moreover, possible harvesting number(individual/ml/day) was much higher in the 1,500 ml container than the other culture volumes. Therefore, optimum culture volume among the tested volumes for mass production of this species was 1,500 ml.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.109-118
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• 2022

This study aims to examine the extent of lifestyle behavior changes, perceived restrictions in daily life, and their relationship during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the 2020 Community Health Survey data, this study calculated perceived restrictions in daily life among adults in Korea during the pandemic by sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle behavior category (physical activity, sleeping duration, drinking, smoking, social contact, public transport use, food delivery, instant food consumption). The generalized linear model examined the relationship between behavior change and perceived restriction on daily life. A total of 227,808 respondents were analyzed. 56.70% of the population perceived their daily lives restricted by 50% and more during the pandemic. The majority of the population decreased physical activity, social contact, and public transport use (52.71%, 89.70%, and 63.74%, respectively). Individuals who decreased physical activity, sleep duration, and social contact frequency, and those who increased drinking frequency, food delivery, and instant food consumption perceived greater restrictions in daily life than those who did not change respective behaviors (p<0.001). In conclusion, decreases in social contact and physical activity and increases in use of food delivery and instant food consumption were associated with greater perceived restrictions of daily life during the pandemic. Efforts to alleviate the negative impact of the pandemic on psychological well-being may need to involve attempts to improve healthy life behaviors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1258-1258
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• 2001

Estimation of sugar and reducing sugar content in molasses is very important task in sugar refineries. Conventional methods of determination of sugar content in molasses samples are highly time consuming and employ hazardous chemicals. Due to the physical properties of molasses, probability of error in conventional analytical techniques is high. These methods have proven to be inefficient for a process control in any sugar industry. Hence development of a rapid, inexpensive, physical and also accurate method for sugar determination in molasses will be highly useful. Near Infrared spectroscopy is being widely used worldwide as an analytical technique in food industry. The technique offers the advantage of being non-destructive and rapid. The present paper highlights the potential of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy as a rapid and automated analytical technique for determination of sugar and reducing sugar content in molasses. A number of molasses samples were collected during and after the sugar season from Havana Sugar Industry, Havana. The samples were chosen so as to obtain a wide range of concentration of sugar and reducing sugars. This was done in order to achieve a good calibration curve with widely spread data points. These samples were scanned in the region of 1100 - 2500 nm in diffuse reflectance mode. An indigenous ELICO NIR spectrophotometer, modified according to the requirements of sugar industry was used for this purpose. Each sample was also analyzed simultaneously by standard chemical methods. Chemical values were taken as reference for near infrared analysis. In order to obtain the most accurate calibration for the set of samples, various mathematical treatments were employed. Partial Least Square method was found to be most suitable for the analysis. A comparison is made between the actual values (chemical values) and the predicted values (NIR values). The actual values agree very well with the predicted values showing the accuracy of the technique. The validity of the technique is checked by predicting the concentration of sugar in unknown molasses samples using the calibration curve. The present investigation assesses the feasibility of the technique for on-line monitoring of sugars present in molasses in sugar industries.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.15
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• pp.86-93
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• 1998

An Apartment Veranda is a transitive space which is being used for many different purpose. A Rear Veranda which is connected to the kitchen is an important space for the housekeeping work and it should be planned carefully to reflect the rational and functional designs. Therefore the objective of this research is to suggest a systematic basis for the practical space planning of the Rear veranda that meets the varied needs of consumers by examining its usage pattern through the analysis of the apartment occupant's behavior pattern stored item the degree of satisfaction and consumer requirements. The research was conducted mainly on apartments built after 1990. The following are the conclusions from the research : 1. Most of the research respondents were aware of the absolute need for the Rear veranda. But they expressed dissatisfaction with the space usage. This indicates that the Rear Veranda planning does not reflect the functionality of the space and concentrates on the idea of providing consumers a service space based on the size of the apartment instead. 2. Although the Rear veranda is used as the multipurpose housework space it is mainly used as the laundry and storage space. This shows a big deviation from the concept of the utility space. Because the behavior pattern associated with the Rear Veranda is largely influenced by the traditional life pattern the development of the Rear Veranda as an exclusive space for the housekeeping work. 3. According to a high frequency of the storage of the laundry related item in the Rear Veranda indicated by the research the Rear veranda is used as the laundry room as well as a auxiliary storage space by most people. The installation of gas range is expected to increase due to the expansion of the usage function of the Rear Veranda space. The installation of a specialized refrigerator to store the traditional food is demanded. 4. Consumers need more efficient and functional storage device because the temporary shelves are often being used as the storage device. The perception of the storage device is assumed to have been influence by the traditional life style.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.79-90
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• 2019

There are more and more citizens suffering from severe fatigue, and they wish to escape from it and spend their leisure time for healing. As a result, buildings and complexes are being constructed nationwide with healing as their theme. Particularly, they tend to build facilities with concepts like a spa, beauty, healing, meditation, nature, or forest healing. The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of healing environment and the nationwide tendencies of building facilities with healing as their theme and also investigate the planning characteristics of complexes and architecture with three representative complexes as examples. Complexes intended for healing have immersion into nature being freed from one's routine as their concept. When planning the flow of human traffic within the complexes, they try to obtain the autonomy of choice as well as the diversity of space and experiential factors in order to provide opportunities for experiencing nature. In the complexes selected for a case study here, they have planned the factors of physical environment that are associated with one another based on architectural education programs using red clay, programs specializing poetry, and healing programs using food. Typically, this is centered around outdoor experiential space, indoor meditation and education space, or fitness space. Also, it is characterized by the planning of physical environment and the complex operation of programs. Particularly, public space is divided into communal space, resting space, and health and treatment space, and health/resting space is mainly intended for health and exercise, for example, fitness, spas, or jjimjilbang (Korean dry saunas). Also, it is characterized by the planning of pitched roofs harmonized with nature and also facade planning that can positively adopt the factors of natural environment.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.199-207
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• 2023

Since seeds can be directly used as food resources as well as for crop cultivation or preservation of genetic resources, it is essential to develop high-quality seed processing technology to increase agricultural productivity. Seed treatment means processing technologies of seeds through physical or chemical treatment processes from after harvesting seeds to before sowing of seeds to improve germination and growth rate, durability, and immunity, etc. Since chemical seed treatment technology using pesticides or plant growth regulators has problems of environmental pollution and human toxicity, it is desired to develop an alternative technology. As a physical seed treatment method, various technologies such as ionizing radiation, plasma, microwave, and magnetic field are being developed, and some of them are being used practically. In this paper, I will summarize the mechanism of seed priming and disinfection, and the advantages and disadvantages of application, focusing on these physical seed treatment methods. Low dose or moderate intensity ionizing radiation, microwave, low-temperature plasma, and magnetic field treatments often promoted seed germination and seedling growth. However, effective removal of direct seed pathogens at these treatment intensities appears to be difficult. And it has been shown that relatively high-dose electron beam treatment using low-energy electron beams kills microorganisms on the seed surface and hull layer while not damaging the inner tissue of the seed, and is also effectively used for seed treatment on a commercial scale. In order to put the physical seed treatment technology to practical use in Korea, it is necessary to develop an economical scale treatment device along with the development of individual treatment technology to each crop.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 1978

Recently this writer has conducted a comprehensive survey of 38 private businesses where group feeding is practiced, with a view to determining the condition of nutrition intake by the blue collar workers of these businesses firms as well as gaining an indication of their facilities management along with their sanitary precautions. The survey has revealed, among others, a number of interesting data such as shown below. 1. There are a total of 1,054 workers being fed in groups daily at each of the above business companies, with only one nutrition specialist regardless of the number of workers to be fed or the number of times they are fed daily. The average number of cooks comes to 2.7 persons per 100 workers, while 42.2% of the companies provide four meals a day including mid-night supper, with the result that the workers are fed 3.13 times a day on an average. 2. The average feeding cost amounts to 151 won per meal per person, of which 86 won is payed by the workers themselves and 115 won by the companies involved. 3. The average fbod intake has been found to be 490 grams which can be further broken down into 44grams of animal food and 446grams of vegetable food. These figures are higher than those revealed by the 1975 investigation of the nation's average nutrition intake. 4. The survey also shows the daily calorie consumption per person to be as high as 896 calories including 37 grams of protein which is further broken down into 11 grams of animal protein and 26grams of vegetable protein. With respect to other types of nutrients excepting Vitamin-A, the companies concerned are believed to prorids more than what the survey of the nation's nutrition has revealed or the amount recommended by Korea FAO assoc!ation as desirable. 5. As for facilities management, there is still much room for future improvement. Some 97.4% of the companies surveyed are not equipped with the steam table, which indicates lack of concern along this line as well as a very how degree of equipment utilizations. Distribution of the food in the dining room is generally depedent on self-service method. 6. Speaking of sanitary precautions taken by those businesses involved, some 76.3% are found to have their compounds haunted by rats and other insects. Some 73.7% of them are dependent on boiling method for disinfection of kitchen utensils, which is conducted by 50% of those industries only two or three times a week. It seems hardly feasible to conduct disinfection everyday.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.12-22
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to establish the production conditions through optimization of the production process of beverages using Aspergillus oryzae CF1001, and to analyze volatile compounds and antidiabetic activity. Methods: The optimum condition was selected using the response surface methodology (RSM), through a regression analysis with the following independent variables gelatinization temperature (GT, $X_1$), saccharogenic time (ST, $X_2$), and dependent variable; ${\Delta}E$ value (y). The condition with the lowest ${\Delta}E$ value occurred with combined 45 min ST and $50^{\circ}C$ GT. The volatile compounds were analyzed quantitatively by GC-MS. Results: Assessment of antidiabetic activity of saccharogenic mixed grain beverage (SMGB) was determined by measurement of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity, and glucose uptake activity and glucose metabolic protein expression by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis. Results of volatile compounds analysis, 62 kinds of volatile compounds were detected in SMGB. Palmitic acid (9.534% ratio), benzaldehyde (8.948% ratio), benzyl ethyl ether (8.792% ratio), ethyl alcohol (8.35% ratio), and 2-amyl furan (4.826% ratio) were abundant in SMGB. We confirmed that ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity, glucose uptake activity, and glucose-metabolic proteins were upregulated by SMGB treatment with concentration dependent manner. Conclusion: Saccharogenic mixed grain beverage (SMGB) showed potential antidiabetic activity. Further studies will be needed in order to improve the taste and functionality of SMGB.