• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.463-475
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• 2023

Tunnel construction activity, conducted mainly in mountains and within urban centres, causes soil settlement, thus requiring the relevant management of slopes and structures as well as evaluations of risk and stability. Accordingly, in this study we performed a three-dimensional finite element analysis to examine the behaviour of piles and pile cap stability when a tunnel passes near the bottom of the foundation of a pile group connected by a pile cap. We examined the results via numerical analysis considering different conditions for reinforcement of the ground between the tunnel and the pile foundation. The numerical analysis assessed the angular distortion of the pile cap, pile settlement, axial force, shear stress, relative displacement, and volume loss due to tunnel excavation, and pile cap stability was evaluated based on Son and Cording's evaluation criterion for damage to adjacent structures. The pile located closest to the tunnel under the condition of no ground reinforcement exhibited pile head settlement approximately 70% greater than that of the pile located farthest from the tunnel under the condition of greatest ground reinforcement. Additionally, pile head settlement was greatest when the largest volume loss occurred, being approximately 18% greater than pile head settlement under the condition having the smallest volume loss. This paper closely examines the main factors influencing the behaviour of a pile group connected by a pile cap for three ground reinforcement conditions and presents an evaluation of pile cap stability.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.334-339
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• 2013

A pilot-scale sand-box experiment simulating a lateral of collector well used in riverbank filtration was performed, and hydraulic head distributions along the lateral were measured according to the various drawdowns at the well. The results of this experiment were compared to the predicted values obtained using a theory previously developed by Kim in order for its validation. This theory predicts the head loss in a large-scale lateral given the loss in a small-scale one, and to have actual values for comparison, the results from a lab-scale experiment previously performed by Kim were employed. Comparing the experimental values to the extrapolated value indeed confirmed the validity of the theory. A procedure to determine the hydraulic head distribution of a practical-scale lateral was also presented applying the theory to the experimental result of this study in an effort to show the process of lateral design for riverbank filtration.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.67-69
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• 2021

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is commonly characterized by abnormal function and differentiation or proliferation of monocytes. In LCH, granulomatous lesions, including langerine-positive histocytes and inflammatory infiltrates, can occur to all tissues, particularly well in the bones, skin, lungs, and pituitary gland. In case of external auditory canal LCH, conductive hearing loss may occur, and the most common symptom is otorrhea. Here we present a case that 49-year-old male with external auditory canal mass. Since no invasive findings were seen in radiologic study, endoscopic transcanal excision was performed and LCH was proven by pathologic report. We present this case of external auditory canal LCH with the review of literature.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 1979

A number of experimental studies have been carried out in order to clarify the question as to how temporomandibular joint adapt to the changes of mandibular movement and occlusal equilibration. Recently, the studies on the interrelations between anatomical structure of temporomandibular joint and the state of occlusion have been actively performed in dentistry particularly in prosthodontic field. Author performed extraction of unilateral mandibular molars in 30 mature male rats, and observed histological changes of temporomandibular joint through the light microscope. Following results were obtained. 1. The loss of unilateral teeth gave rise to the changes in the location of condylar head, that is, interior displacement of condylar head in the extraction side and upper displacement in the non-extraction side. 2. Articular disk was compressed by the interior surface of condylar head, resulting in its extension below the condylar neck in the extraction side, and the histological arrangement of the compressed area showed irregular feature. 3. The extension of articular disk below the condylar neck was accompanied with the contraction of muscle fibers which were originated from the articular disk. 4. The cartilage layer of articular fossa to the exterior of the extraction side showed hypertropy. 5. Early in the experiment, the inernal extremity of condylar head of extract ion side showed bone resorption, and cartilage layer of condylar head showed hypertropy. At 12 weeks after experiment, the condylar surface showed flattened, and the cartilage layer of condylar head was replaced by the compact bone. 6. The articular disk showed the formation of pannus in the extraction side as well as in the non-extraction side. 7. The occlusal disturbance due to unilateral missing teeth has brought about the non-inflammatory retrogressive change and osteoarthrotic change late in the experiment.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.225-239
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• 2020

Analysis approaches for single compositional data are well established; however, effective analysis strategies for paired compositional data remain to be investigated. The current project was motivated by studies of age-related hearing loss (presbyacusis), where subjects are classified into four audiometric phenotypes that need to be ranked within these phenotypes based on their paired compositional data. We address this challenge by formulating this problem as a classification problem and integrating a penalized multinomial logistic regression model with compositional data analysis approaches. We utilize Elastic Net for a penalty function, while considering average, absolute difference, and perturbation operators for compositional data. We applied the proposed approach to the presbyacusis study of 532 subjects with probabilities that each ear of a subject belongs to each of four presbyacusis subtypes. We further investigated the ranking of presbyacusis subjects using the proposed approach based on previous literature. The data analysis results indicate that the proposed approach is effective for ranking subjects based on paired compositional data.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 2008

The effect of Reynolds number on the performance of a regenerative pump was examined in a low Reynolds number range in experiment. The head of the regenerative pump increased at low flow rates and decreased at high flow rates as the Reynolds number decreased. The computation of the internal flow was made to clarify the cause of the Reynolds number effect. At low flow rates, the head is decreased with increasing the Reynolds number due to the decrease of the shear force exerted by the impeller caused by the increase of leakage and hence local flow rate. At higher flow rates, the head is increased with increasing the Reynolds number with decreased loss at the inlet and outlet as well as the decreased shear stress on the casing wall.

• Proceedings of the KSLP Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.186-186
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• 1999

Tracheoesophageal fistulation following total laryngectomy has widely been used for voice restoration, This technique make exhaled air to divert to hypopharynx where phayngoesophageal segment forms the neoglottis. Even through layngectomized patients loss the normal laryngeal adjustment for speaking, it has been known that voiced and voiceless sounds are prodused in TE phonation. Nine TE speakeres were subjected to present study designed to clarity the mechanism of neoglottic adjustment in TE phonation, Fiberoptic examination and radiologic studies were performed at all patients and EMG study was performed at 3 patients during I phonation. Fiberoptic ＆ radiologic studies revealed the location of neoglottis, so called pharyngoesophargeal segment which was vibrated well. EMG activity increased for sound production at retropharyngeal prominence. These results indicated that neoglottic adjustment in TE phonation.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.2002-2010
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• 2024

Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has operated an integral effect test facility, the Advanced Thermal-Hydraulic Test Loop for Accident Simulation (ATLAS), with reference to the APR1400 (Advanced Power Reactor 1400) for tests for transient and design basis accidents simulation. A test for a loss of coolant accident (LOCA) at the top of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) had been conducted at ATLAS to address the impact of the loss of safety injections (LSI) and to evaluate accident management (AM) actions during the postulated accident. The experimental data has been utilized to validate system analysis codes within a framework of the domestic standard problem program organized by KAERI in collaboration with Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety. In this study, the test has been analyzed by using thermal-hydraulic system analysis codes, MARS-KS 1.5 and TRACE 5.0 Patch 6, and a comparative analysis with experimental and calculation results has been performed. The main objective of this study is the investigation of the thermal-hydraulic phenomena during a small break LOCA at the RPV upper head with the LSI as well as the predictability of the system analysis codes after the AM actions during the test. The results from both codes reveal that overall physical behaviors during the accident are predicted by the codes, appropriately, including the excursion of the peak cladding temperature because of the LSI. It is also confirmed that the core integrity is maintained with the proposed AM action. Considering the break location, a sensitivity analysis for the nodalization of the upper head has been conducted. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the nodalization gave a significant impact on the analysis result. The result emphasizes the importance of the nodalization which should be performed with a consideration of the physical phenomena occurs during the transient.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1980

Threshing operation may be one of the most important processes in the paddy post-production system as far as the grain loss and labor requirement are concerned . head-feeding type threshers commercially available now in Korea originally were developed for threshing dry paddy in the range of 15 to 17 % in wet basis. However, threshing wet-paddy with the grain moisture content above 20 % has been strongly recommended, especially for new high-yielding Indica -type varieties ; (1) to reduce high grain loss incurred due to the handling operations, and (2) to prevent the quantitative and qualitative loss of milled -rice when unthreshed grains are rewetted due to the rainfall. The objective of this study were to investigate the adaptability of both a head-feeding type thresher and a throw-in type thresher to wet-paddy , and to find out the possiblilities of improving the components of these threshers threshing. Four varieties, Suweon 264 and Milyang 24 as Tongil sister line varieties, minehikari and Jinhueng as Japonica-type varieties, were used at the different levels of the moisture content of grains. Both the feed rate and the cylinder speed were varied for each material and each machine. The thresher output quality , composition of tailing return, and separating loss were analyzed from the sampels taken at each treatment. A separate experiment for measurement opf the power requirement of the head-feeding type thresher was also performed. The results are summarized as follows : 1. There was a difference in the thresher output quality between rice varieties. In case of wet-paddy threshing at 550 rpm , grains with branchlet and torn heads for the Suweon 264 were 12 % and 7 % of the total output in weight, respectively, and for the Minehikari 4.5 % and 2 % respectively. In case of dry paddy threshing , those for the Suweon 264 were 8 % and 5% , and for the Minehikari 4% and 1% respectively. However, those for the Milyang 23 , which is highly susceptable to shattering, were much lower with 1 % and 0.5% respectively, regardless of the moisture content of the paddy. Therefore, it is desirable to breed rice varieties of the same physical properties as well as to improve a thresher adaptable to all the varieties. Torn heads, which increased with the moisture content of rall the varieties except the Milyang 23 , decreased as the cylinder speed increased, but grains with branchlet didnt decrease. The damaged kernels increased with the cylinder speed. 3. The thresher output quality was not affected much by the feed rate. But grains with branchlet and torn heads increased slightly with the feed rate for the head-feeding type thresher since higher resistance lowered at the cylinder speed. 4. In order to reduce grains with branchlet and torn heads in wet-paddy threshing , it is desirable to improve the head-feeding type thresher by developing a new type of cylinder which to not give excess impact on kernels or a concave which has differenct sizes of holes at different locations along the cylinder. 5. For the head-feeding type thresher, there was a difference in separating loss between the varieties. At the cylinder speed of 600 rpm the separating losses for the Minehikari and the Suweon 264 were 1.2% and 0.6% respectively. The separating loss of the head-feeding type thresher was not affected by the moisture content of paddy while that of the Mini-aged thresher increased with the moisture content. 6. From the analysis of the tailings return , to appeared that the tailings return mechanism didn't function properly because lots of single grains and rubbishes were unnecessarily returned. 7. Adding a vibrating sieve to the head-feeding type thresher could increase the efficiency of separation. Consequently , the tailing return mechanism would function properly since unnecessary return could be educed greatly. 8. The power required for the head-feeding type thresher was not affected by the moisture content of paddy, but the average power increased linearly with the feed rate. The power also increased with the cylinder speed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.373-380
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• 2019

In this paper, a pico hydro turbine employing low head circulation water at fish farms is designed and evaluated. Due to the advantages of simple structures, small head requirements, and low-cost investment, the constant thickness propeller turbine is considered as a feasible solution. The design process based on the free vortex method is presented in full detail, and a 4-blade runner is built using BladeGen. The turbine performance is analyzed both numerically and via experimental methods. Despite slight differences, the results show similar trends between CFD simulations and experiments carried out on factory test-rigs in a wide range of working conditions. At the design flow rate, the turbine achieves the best efficiency of 70 %, generating 3.5 kW power when rotating at 420 rpm. The internal flow field, as well as the turbine's behavior, are investigated through the distribution of blade streamlines, pressure, and velocity around the runner. Moreover, the pressure coefficient on the blade surface at 3 span positions is plotted while the head loss for each simulation domain is calculated and displayed by charts.