• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.28.1-28.1
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• 2017

To investigate AGN outflows as a tracer of AGN feedback on the host galaxies, we perform integral-field spectroscopy of 20 type 2 AGNs at z<0.1 using the Magellan/IMACS and the VLT/VIMOS. The observed objects are luminous AGNs with the [O III] luminosity >$10^{41.5}erg/s$, and exhibit strong outflow signatures in the [O III] kinematics. We obtain the maps of the narrow and broad components of [O III] and $H{\alpha}$ lines by decomposing the emission-line profile. The broad components in both [O III] and $H{\alpha}$ represent the non-gravitational kinematics, (i.e., gas outflows), while the narrow components represent the gravitational kinematics (i.e., rotational disks), especially in $H{\alpha}$. By using the spatially integrated spectra within the flux-weighted size of the narrow-line region, we estimate the outflow energetics. The ionized gas mass is $(1.0-38.5){\times}10^5M_{\odot}$, and the mean mass outflow rate is $4.6{\pm}4.3M_{\odot}/yr$, which is a factor of ~260 higher than the mean mass accretion rate $0.02{\pm}0.01M_{\odot}/yr$. The mean energy injection rate is $0.8{\pm}0.6%$ of the AGN bolometric luminosity Lbol, while the mean momentum flux is $(5.4{\pm}3.6){\times}L_{bol}/c$, except for two most kinematically energetic AGNs. The estimated energetics are consistent with the expectations for energy-conserving outflows from AGNs, yet we do not find any supporting evidence of instantaneous star-formation quenching due to the outflows.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1127-1139
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• 2013

In the realization of obtained image by various visual equipments, the addition of noise to the original image is a common phenomenon and the occurrence of the noise is practically impossible to prevent completely. Thus, the noise detection and reduction is an important foundational purpose. In this study, we detect the orientation about feature of images and estimate the level of noise variance based on the measurement of the relative proportion of the noise. Also, we apply the estimated level of noise to the sigma filter on noise reduction algorithm. And using the orientation about feature of images by weighted value, we propose the effective algorithm to eliminate noise. As a result, the proposed statistical noise reduction methodology provides significantly improved results over the usual sigma filtering and regardless of the estimated level of the noise variance.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.375-382
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• 2010

The precise effects of protein intake on fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of muscle protein are still under debate. The sample size of these studies was small and the conclusions in young and elderly subjects were inconsistent. To assess the effect of dietary protein intake on the FSR level, we conducted a meta-analysis of controlled protein intake trials. Random-effects models were used to calculate the weighted mean differences (WMDs). Ten studies were included and effects of short-term protein intake were evaluated. In an overall pooled estimate, protein intake significantly increased the FSR (20 trials, 368 participants; WMD: 0.025%/h; 95%CI: 0.019-0.031; P < 0.0001). Meta-regression analysis suggested that the protein dose was positively related to the effect size (regression coefficient = 0.108%/h; 95%CI: 0.035, 0.182; P = 0.009). A subgroup analysis indicated that protein intake significantly increased FSR when the protein dose was ${\leq}$ 0.80 g/kg BW (16 trials, 308 participants; WMD: 0.027%/h; 95%CI: 0.019-0.031; P < 0.0001), but did not affect FSR when the protein dose was > 0.80 g/kg BW (4 trials, 60 participants; WMD: 0.016%/h; 95%CI: 0.004-0.029; P = 0.98). In conclusion, this study is the first integrated results showing that a short-term protein intake is effective at improving the FSR of muscle protein in the healthy elderly as well as young subjects. This beneficial effect seems to be dose-dependent when the dose levels of protein range from 0.08 to 0.80 g/kg BW.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.339-349
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• 2008

We present a novel method to estimate the light source direction and relight a face texture image of a single 3D model under arbitrary unknown illumination conditions. We create a virtual irradiance sphere to detect the light source direction from a given illuminated texture image using both normal vector mapping and weighted bilinear interpolation. We then induce a relighting equation with estimated ambient and diffuse coefficients. We provide the result of a series of experiments on light source estimation, relighting and face recognition to show the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method in restoring the shading and shadows areas of a face texture image. Our approach for face relighting can be used for not only illuminant invariant face recognition applications but also reducing visual load and Improving visual performance in tasks using 3D displays.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.79-101
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• 2008

This study is for improvement of repair part demand forecasting method of Republic of Korea Air Force aircraft. Recently, demand prediction methods are Weighted moving average, Linear moving average, Trend analysis, Simple exponential smoothing, Linear exponential smoothing. But these use fixed weight and moving average range. Also, NORS(Not Operationally Ready upply) is increasing. Recommended method of Box-Jenkins' ARIMA can solve problems of these method and improve estimate accuracy. To compare recent prediction method and ARIMA that use mean squared error(MSE) is reacted sensitively in change of error. ARIMA has high accuracy than existing forecasting method. If apply this method of study in other several Items, can prove demand forecast Capability.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 2016

This study proposes a approximate cost estimation system based on Excel with VBA using weighted CBR(Case Based Reasoning). One characteristic of this system is that it generates the sheet automatically as many as the number of similar case and new estimation when it performs a case learning and a new estimate and cell formula is automatically entered into each sheet. User can be free to compose a combination of attribute factors because they can select up to ten attribute factors. This paper presents an applicability of estimation model for estimating the soil remediation cost when it use a landfarming method. When compared to a estimation model by using average unit cost and optimum multiple regression, this model shows a better result. This study was aimed at landfarming method, but it is expected that a cost estimation model using CBR will be more likely to apply in soil remediation technologies which various remediation technologies and pollutant species exist.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.4C
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• pp.355-362
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• 2009

A new intra field deinterlacing algorithm with edge map in the image block is introduced. Conventional deinterlacing methods usually employ edge-based line average algorithm within pixel-by-pixel approach. However, it is sensitive to variation of intensity. To reduce this shortcoming, we proposed edge direction vector computed by edge map, and also its interpolation technique. We first introduce an edge direction vector, which is computed by Sobel mask, so that finer resolution of the edge direction can be acquired. The proposed edge direction vector oriented deinterlacer operates by identifying small pixel variations in five orientations, while weighted averaging to estimate missing pixel. According to the edge direction of the direction vector, we calculate weights on each edge direction. These weight values multiplied by the candidate deinterlaced pixels in order to successively build approximations of the deinterlaced sequence.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.18 no.E4
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• pp.203-213
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• 2002

Receptor modeling is one of statistical methods to achieve reasonable air pollution strategies. In order to maintain and manage ambient air quality, it is necessary to identify sources and to apportion its sources for ambient particulate matters. The main purpose of the study was to survey seasonal trends of inorganic elements in the coarse and fine particles. Second, this study has attempted emission sources qualitatively by a receptor method, the PMF mo-del. After that. both PMF (positive matrix factorization) model and TTFA (target transformation factor analysis) model were applied to compare and to estimate mass contribution of coarse and fine particle sources at the receptor. A total of 138 sets of samples was collected from 1989 to 1996 by a low volume cascade impactor with 9 size fraction stages at Kyung Hee University in Korea. Sixteen chemical species (Si, Ca, Fe, K, Pb, Na, Zn, Mg, Ba, Ni, V, Mn, Cr, Br, Cu. Co) were characterized by XRF. The study result showed that the weighted arithmetic mean of coarse and fine particles were 51.3 and 54.4 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥, respectively. Contribution of both particle fractions were esti-mated using TTFA and PMF models. The number of estimated sources was seven according to TTFA model and 8 according to PMF model. Comparison of TTFA and PMF revealed that both methodologies exhibited similar trends in their contribution pattern. However, large differences between contributions were observed in some sour-ces. The results of this study may help to suggest control strategies in local countries where known source profiles do not exist.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.443-448
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was done to evaluate the reliability of education and occupational class between using the health survey and the death certificate data. Methods : The 1998 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was conducted on a cross-sectional probability sample of South Korean households, and it contained unique 13-digit personal identification numbers that were linked to the data on mortality from the Korean National Statistical Office. The data from 263 deaths were used to estimate the agreement rates and the Kappa indices of the education and occupational class between using the NHANES data and the death certificate data. Results : The simple and weighted Kappa indices for education were 0.60 (95% CI=0.53-0.68) and 0.73 (95% CI=0.67-0.79) respectively, if the educational level was grouped into five categories: no-formal-education, elementary-school, middle-school, high-school and college or over. The overall agreement rate was 71.9% for these educational groups. The magnitude of reliability, as measured by the overall agreement rates and Kappa indices, tended to increase with a decrease in the educational class. The number of non-educated people with using the death certificate data was smaller than that with using the NHANES data. For the occupational class (manual workers, non-manual workers and others), the Kappa index was 0.40 (95% CI=0.30-0.51), which was relatively lower than that for the educational class. Compared with the NHANES, the number of non-manual workers for the deceased who were aged 30-64 tended to be increased (8 to 12) when using the death certificate data, whereas the number of manual workers tended to be decreased (59 to 41). Conclusions : The socioeconomic inequalities in the mortality rates that were based on the previous unlinked studies in South Korea were not due to a numerator/denominator bias. The mortality rates for the manual workers and the no-education groups might have been underestimated.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.125-133
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• 2000

Objectives : This study uses meta-analysis methodology to examine the statistical consistency and importance of random variation among results of epidemiologic studies of occupational electromagnetic field exposure and leukemia. Methods : Studies for this meta-analysis were identified from previous reviews and by asking researcher active in this field for recommendations. Overall, 27 studies of occupational electromagnetic field exposures and leukemia were reviewed. A variety of meta-analysis statistical methods have been used to assess combined effects, to identify heterogeneity, and to provide a single summary risk estimate based on a set of simiar epidemiologic studies. In this study, classification of exposure metircs on occupational epidemiologic studies are reported for (1) job classification (20 individual studies); (2) leukemia subtypes (13 individual studies); and (3) country (27 individual studies). Results : Results of this study, an inverse-variance weighted pooling of all the data leads to a small but significant elevation in risk of f 1% (OR=1.11, 95% CI : $1.06\sim1.16$) among 27 occupational epidemiologic studies. Publication bias was assessed by the 'fail-safe n' that may be not influence for all combined results exception a few categories, ie, 'power station operators' and 'electric utility workers' by job classification on occupational study. And ail combined odds ratio results were similar for fixed-effects models and random-effects models, with slightly higher risk estimates for the random-effects model in situations where there was significant heterogeneity, ie, Q-statistic significant (p<.05). Conclusions : We found a small elevation in risk of leukemia, but the ubiquitous nature of exposure to electromagnetic fields from workplace makes even a weak association a public health issue of substantial power to influence the present overall conclusion about relationship between electromagnetic fields exposure and leukemia.