• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.161-168
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• 2008

The effects tea beverages (TBs) prepared from powdered green tea (Gt), oolong tea (Ot), black tea (Bt), or pure tea (Pt) with lemon, orange, grenadine etc on cadmium toxicity in rats were investigated Sensory evaluations of the TBs are better than those of each water extracted teas. Cadmium (50 ppm) was administered to experimental rats fed a basic diet, or a diet with various TBs (15% w/v), for 5 weeks. Although body weight gains, feed intakes, and fecal weights in all Cd-treated groups were lower than those in the normal control group (NC), feed efficiency ratio, urine volumes, liver weights, and kidney weights did not differ significantly between groups. The serum ALT and AST levels in the Cd-treated control group (Cd-Co) were higher than those in the NC animals. Serum ALT and AST levels in all Cd-treated rats fed TB-supplemented diets were lower than in animals of the Cd-Co group. Tibia and femur weights in Cd-Co animals were lower than those in NC rats. Tibia and femur weights in Cd-treated rats fed TB-supplemented diets were higher than those in Cd-Co animals. There were no between-group differences in tibia lengths; animals in the NC and TB-supplemented diet groups showed femur lengths longer than those of Cd-Co rats. Although the contents of crude ash and cadmium in the femurs of Cd-Co mts was markedly higher than in the femurs of NC animals, the cadmium content in femurs of Cd-Co rats was significantly lower than that in the femurs of NC animals. The changes in mineral levels caused by Cd administration were alleviated by every TB-supplemented diet tested Whereas fecal calcium excretion by Cd-Co animals was significantly higher than that of NC rats, calcium excretion by Cd-treated rats fed TB-supplemented diets was significantly lower than that of Cd-Co animals. Fecal cadmium excretion by all Cd-treated rats fed TB-supplemented diets was significantly higher than that of Cd-Co animals. In conclusion, this study provides experimental evidence that various TBs may regulate cadmium-induced organ toxicity by reducing cadmium accumulation in tissues through the mechanism of increasing the fecal excretion of cadmium.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.78-82
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• 1978

In a series of studies on the utilization of persimmons, the purpose of this experiment was to examine the optimum thickness of film using different number of persimmons per film bag. 'Fuyu', persimmon variety was used in this investigation. The results obtained were as follows: The optimum thickness of the film bag was 0.08mm, 0.06mm, and 0.04mm for the bags packed with 3, 10 and 50 persimnons, respectively. The changes in the ratio of firmness, loss of fresh weight, titrable acidity and percentage of sugar contents were minimal in these three optimum combinations than the others. These results could be explained by the balanced optimum gas concentration, $CO_2$ 5-10% and $O_2$ 5%, in those three optimum combination. Therefore, it was suggested that the different thickness of film bag needs a particular number of fruits packed per bag for the long term storage in persimmons.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.136-140
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• 1976

To investigate the preservability of Tongil, three types(rough, brown and milled rice) of Tongil and the common variety (being composed of typical varieties) in Korea were stored at a ambient and a low temperature $(15^{\circ}C)$ warehouse from April to October of each year for three years (1972-1974). The results obtained are described as follows; 1) Temperatures of atmosphere and the natural temperature warehouse changed in the same way. 2) Similar changes of relative humidity were observed in atmosphere and both warehouses. 3) Equilibrium moisture content of Tongil at $25^{\circ}C$ was 0.55 % lower in rough and brown rice. 0.33% lower in milled rice than each type of the common variety. 4) Weight loss rate in the natural temperature storage and in the low temperature storage was 1.35% and 0.74% after 6 month storage. 5) The change of fat acidity in browe rice was greater than any others (rough and milled rice). 6) Hardness of Tongil was 1.64kg higher than that of the common variety. 7) Germination rate was about the same during the low temperature storage, but that of brown of the natural temperature storage was abruptly decreased to $23%{\sim}37%$ after August. As a result, it is possible Tongil is applicable to the long-term storage of rice due to Tongil's superior preservability.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1421-1429
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• 2017

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of dietary provision of lactic acid bacteria (LB) and sea tangle (ST) on the obesity-associated intestinal microbiota in rats with obesity induced by a high-fat diet. Forty-eight 8-wk-old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a basal diet (CON), a high fat diet (HFD; CON supplemented with 10% lard), HF supplemented with LB [HFL; $5{\times}10^8cfu$ of each of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium lactis], or HFL containing 10% ST (HFLS), with 4 replicates (cages) of 3 rats per dietary treatment, for 6 wk, and the intestinal microbiota were determined by pyrosequencing. The HFL and HFLS groups exhibited reduced rates of weight gain than the HF group, and the former groups had smaller ratios of Firmicutes and greater ratios of Bacteriodetes, with decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios, than the latter at the level of the phylum. Compared with the results for the HF group, HFL and HFLS had reduced ratios of the families of Roseburia, Mollicute, Erysipelotrichi, and Oscillibacter within Firmicutes associated with obesity and increased ratios of the families of Prevotella, Alistipes and Bacteroides within the Bacterioidetes phylum known to have an anti-obesity effect. The content of butyric acid in feces was greater in the HFLS group vs. HF and HFL. In conclusion, the present results suggest that dietary provision of LB plus ST has an anti-obesity effect and induced changes in intestinal microorganisms, and enhanced the content of butyric acid, which is an intestinal metabolite.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.848-858
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• 1995

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary vitamin A on the antioxidant status in ethanol-treated rats. Weaning rats were fed a basal diet until they reached about 160-180g body weight. Thereafter, four experimental groups were fed a liquid diet containing 36% ethanol of total calorie and four pair-fed groups were fed isocaloric sucorse instead of ethanol. Additionally, the liquid diet contained adequate amount of ${\beta}-carotene$, retinyl acetate, or 13-cis-retinoic acid except vitamin A deficient diet. The rats were sacrificed after 7 weeks of feedng periods. Significant decrease in hepatic vitamin E content was found in rats treated with chronic ethanol. However, dietary supplementation of retinyl acetate modified the change to some extent. Total vitamin C content of liver increased in vitamin A-deficient or ${\beta}-carotene$ groups with ethanol feeding. The ratio of reduced/oxidized vitamin C increased in the plasma and liver of ${\beta}-carotene$ group with ethanol feeding. Chronic ethanol intake did not change the total glutathione content of rat liver, but increased reduced glutathione(GSH)/oxidized glutathione(GSSG) ratio. This increase in hepatic GSH after chronic ethanol treatment. The changes of Se content in plasma and liver was not consistant. Fe content of liver increased by ethanol treatment, but this increase reduced in rats fed dietary retinyl acetate or 13-cis-retinoic acid. Fe content of plasma increased in vitamin A-deficient and ${\beta}-carotene$ supplemented groups with ethanol intake.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.228-241
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• 2018

Purpose: The health risk of women increases after menopause. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a public health center-based nutrition education program for hypertension in women older than 50 years of age. Methods: The program included 8-week nutrition education and 8-week follow-up with keeping a health diary and nutrition counseling. The program was evaluated three times: before and after the nutrition education, and after the follow-up. The subjects were classified into hypertensives (n = 44) or normotensives (n = 71). Results: The rate of taking antihypertensive drugs in the hypertensive group was 86.4%. The systolic blood pressure decreased in the hypertensive and normotensive groups after nutrition education (p < 0.05). The body weight (p < 0.001), BMI (p < 0.001), waist circumference (p < 0.001), and percent body fat (p < 0.01) were also decreased after nutrition education in both groups. The hypertensive group showed an increase in HDL-cholesterol level (p < 0.001) and decreases in triglycerides (p < 0.01) and LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.05) levels after completion of the program. The normotensive group also displayed significant changes in HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001) and triglycerides (p < 0.01). The dietary habits and nutrition knowledge on sodium and hypertension were improved in both groups (p < 0.001). The total score of dietary behavior related to the sodium intake was improved in the normotensive group (p < 0.001). The total score of the high sodium dish frequency questionnaire decreased in both groups after nutrition education and completion of the program compared to that before the program. Decreases in the consumption frequencies of noodles, pot stews and stews, Kimchi, and beverages were significant. The total self-efficacy score was increased in both groups by the program (p < 0.001). In particular, the hypertensive group showed improvement in all items. Conclusion: This public health center-based nutrition education program may contribute to the prevention and management of hypertension and chronic diseases in women over 50 years of age.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.702-708
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• 2002

Although Umboniunm thomasi is one of marine mollusc (Archaeogastropoda: Trochidae) inhabiting the sands in the intertidal zone of the west coast of Korea, aspects of its reproductive biology are still not too well known. Reproductive cycle, gametogenesis, and first sexual maturity of U. thomasi collected at the west coast of Buan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea were investigated monthly from January to December 1999. U. thomasi was dioecious, and an oviparous. The gonad was placed in the rear of the flesh part in the spiral shell. The external colors of the ripe ovary and testis appeared to be green and milk-white or yellowish white, respectively. Meat weigh rate peaked in July ($37.5\%$). And then the value sharply decreased in September ($28.3\%$), thereafter, gradually increased in November ($31.7\%$). Fully ripe oocytes were approximately 100$\~$110 $/mu$m in diameter, and their cytoplasm contained a great number of yolk Branules. Based on the monthly changes of the Bonadal development, gametogenesis, and meat weight rate, the reproductive cycle of U. thomasi could be devided into five successive stages: early active (November to April), late active (February to May), ripe (April to August), spawning (July to October), and recovery (September to February). Gonadal development and spawning were closely related to the seawater temperature, the main spawning occurred in September when the temperature reached above 24.2$^{\circ}C$. Individuals of 4.4 mm and less in shell height could not take part in reproduction in both sexes. Percentages of first sexual maturity of female and male shells ranging from 5.5 to 6.4 mm were $55.0\%$ and $61.9\%$, respectively, and $100\%$ of those over 7.5 mm in shell heights in both sexes participated in the reproduction.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.385-396
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• 2007

The aims of this study were to compare the shaping effect and safety between single length technique recommended by manufacturer and crown-down technique using Mtwo rotary file and to present a modified method in use of Mtwo file. Sixty simulated root canal resin blocks were used. The canals were divided into three groups according to instrument and the manner of using methods. Each group had 20 specimens. Group MT was instrumented with single length technique of Mtwo, group MC was instrumented with crown-down technique of Mtwo and group PT was instrumented with crown-down technique of ProTaper. All of the rotary files used in this study were operated by an electric motor. The scanned canal images of before and after preparation were superimposed. These superimposed images were evaluated at apical 1 to 8 mm levels Angle changes were calculated. The preparation time, weight loss, instrument failure and binding, canal aberrations, and centering ratio were measured. Statistical analysis of the three experimental groups was performed with ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range tests for post-hoc comparison and Fisher's exact test was done for the frequency comparison. In total preparation time, group MT and group MC were less than group PT. In the aberrations, group MT had more elbows than those of group MC and group PT. The binding of group MC was least and group MT was less than group PT (P < 0.05). Under the condition of this study, crown-down technique using Mtwo rotary file is better and safer method than single length technique recommended by the manufacturer.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.867-872
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• 1998

Background: The fixed dose regimen with activated coagulation time(ACT) is the most commonly employed method for determining the required dosage of heparin and protamine during cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB). Material and Method: We performed a prospective study on a fixed dose regimen for analyzing adequate dosages of heparin and protamine, the incidence of heparin resistance and heparin-induced thrombocyt openia, factors affecting ACT during CPB, and changes of ACT during aprotinin usage. 300 units/kg of heparin were administered to patients, and ACTs were measured after 5 mins. ACTs were checked at 10 mins and 30 mins after the onset of CPB, and then at 30 min intervals thereafter. If the measured ACT was under 400 secs, we added 100 units/kg of heparin. The heparin was reversed with 1 mg of protamine for each 100 units administered. If the measured ACT was longer than 130 secs 30 mins after protamine administration or if there was definitive evidence of a coagulation defect, we administered a further 0.5 mg/kg of protamine. Result: We studied 80 patients(50 adults and 30 children) who underwent open heart surgery(OHS) at Seoul National University Hospital. Preoperative ACT was 114.3${\pm}$19.3 secs in adults, and 119.5${\pm}$18.2 secs in children. There were no differences in preoperative ACT due to age, body weight, body surface area, or sex. The preoperative ACT was not influenced by a positive past history of OHS. Ten adults(20%) and 3 pediatric patients(10%) needed additional doses of heparin to maintain the ACT above 400 secs. Additional protamine administration was needed in 9 adults(18%) and 10 children(33%). Heparin resistance was found in only two adults. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia was detected in 2 adults and 1 child. During CPB, ACT was prolonged. 12 adult patients received a low dose of aprotinin and showed longer celite activated ACT compared to the control group.The kaolin activated ACT showed a lower tendency than the celite activated ACT in aprotinin users. Conclusion: In conclusion, fixed dose regimen of heparin and protamine can be used without significant problems, but the incidence of need of additional dosage remains unsatisfactory.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1970

The effect of wollastonite and manganese dioxide on the growth of rice on an acid sulfate soil were investigated in pot experiment. 1. Since aluminum content in the leachate of soil was reduced with increasing the pH and these chemical changes in the leachate were more pronounced by applying wollastonite, aluminum toxicity in flooded paddy rice was overcome by applying wollastonite, or flooding. 2. Poor growth of rice with iron toxicity-like symptoms on the untreated acid sulfate soil may be caused by excess iron and sulfur. Plants applied wollastonite, however, grew normally and did not show any symptoms. Iron and sulfur contents in the plant was reduced by applying wollastonite. 3. Because of the iron content in the both leachate and plant can be lowered by applying wollastonite, iron-toxicity was averted by applying the wollastonite. 4. Application of manganese dioxide in combination with wollastonite did not counteracted iron content in the plant as compared with the wollastonite treatment. 5. The application of wollastonite increased the dry weight of straw and grain yield. Manganese dioxide with wollastonite caused the increase of number of spickelets per panicles and ripened grains as compared with wollastonite. 6. From these results it can be concluded that the major cause of the poor growth of rice on acid sulfate soil is iron toxicity and the Fe-toxicity can be reduced by application of wollastonite.