• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.478-483
• /
• 2008

Records of a Northeastern Thai indigenous cattle line population were used to estimate genetic parameters and annual trends for calf weights. The data set comprised records of 1,922 and 1,489 animals for birth and weaning weight, respectively born from 1993 to 2004. A bivariate analysis was carried out for variance and covariance components estimations using average information restricted maximum likelihood procedure. Average estimated breeding value and maternal breeding value of the animals born in 1993 were set to zero as a base group. Genetic trends of each trait were calculated by regressing average estimated breeding values and maternal breeding values on birth year of calves. Phenotypic trends for each trait were calculated by regressing the yearly adjusted weight on birth year of calves. The results revealed that the estimate of direct heritability, maternal heritability and maternal permanent environmental variance as a proportion of phenotypic variance for birth and weaning weight was 0.40, 0.14 and 0.04; 0.27, 0.05 and 0.23, respectively. Direct heritability was moderately heritable and genetic improvement through selection can be achieved. The estimate of phenotypic, direct genetic, maternal genetic and maternal permanent environmental correlation between birth and weaning weight was 0.48, 0.65, 0.98 and 0.73, respectively. The phenotypic trend, genetic trends of estimated breeding value and maternal breeding value for birth weight was 0.18, 0.04 and 0.01 kg/year, respectively. The phenotypic trend, genetic trends of estimated breeding value and maternal breeding value for weaning weight was -1.36, 0.32 and 0.03 kg/year, respectively. As maternal genetic effect was considerably less important than direct genetic effect, selection for improved weaning weight of this Northeastern Thai indigenous cattle line can place more emphasis on the direct genetic effect.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.17-27
• /
• 2011

A selection experiment for reduced residual feed intake (RFI) in Yorkshire pigs consisted of a line selected for lower RFI (LRFI) and a random control line (CTRL). Longitudinal measurements of daily feed intake (DFI) and body weight (BW) from generation 5 of this experiment were used. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the use of random regression (RR) and nonlinear mixed models to predict DFI and BW for individual pigs, accounting for the substantial missing information that characterizes these data, and to evaluate the effect of selection for RFI on BW and DFI curves. Forty RR models with different-order polynomials of age as fixed and random effects, and with homogeneous or heterogeneous residual variance by month of age, were fitted for both DFI and BW. Based on predicted residual sum of squares (PRESS) and residual diagnostics, the quadratic polynomial RR model was identified to be best, but with heterogeneous residual variance for DFI and homogeneous residual variance for BW. Compared to the simple quadratic and linear regression models for individual pigs, these RR models decreased PRESS by 1% and 2% for DFI and by 42% and 36% for BW on boars and gilts, respectively. Given the same number of random effects as the polynomial RR models, i.e., two for BW and one for DFI, the non-linear Gompertz model predicted better than the polynomial RR models but not as good as higher order polynomial RR models. After five generations of selection for reduced RFI, the LRFI line had a lower population curve for DFI and BW than the CTRL line, especially towards the end of the growth period.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.32-37
• /
• 1981

누에의 人工飼科는 物理的 또는 化學的으로 뽕잎과는 그 性質이 매우 다르기 때문에 고치 生産性에 있어서 뽕잎의 경우 보다 不良한 成績인데 이 欠點을 解決하기 위하여는 우선 人工飼科에 適合한 品種이 育成되어야 한다. 그러므로 本試驗에서는 人工飼科育에 의하여 優良系統을 選拔했을 때에 發生하는 現象을 究明코저 遂行하였으며 그 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 암고치의 繭層重과 繭層比率과의 相關關係는 Sa와 Y에서는 없다. 2. 숫고치에서 Sa系統의 全繭重과 繭層比率과는 相關關係가 없다. 3. 人工飼科育에 있어서 日本種系統과 中國種系統은 각각 選拔效果가 特異하게 나타났다. 4. 桑葉育에서 人工飼科育으로 전환하는 第1世代에서는 Sa와 Y系統이 모두 매우 不良한 成績을 나타냈으나 第 2, 3世代에서 急激하게 증가하여 選拔效果는 매우 컸다. 5. 第 4 世代에서는 致死率이 매우 높았기 때문에 第 5世代는 桑葉育으로 繼代 增殖하였다. 6. 第 6 世代에서 10世代까지 選拔效果는 계속 증가하였는데 繭層比率만은 例外이었다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제28권3C호
• /
• pp.209-214
• /
• 2003

신뢰할 수 있는 DC-억압(DC-suppression) 방법으로 멀티모드 코딩 방법이 있다. 멀티모드 코드의 DC-억압 성능을 향상시키는 방법에는 스크램블러(scrambler)의 성능을 개선하는 방법과 후보 코드워드의 선택 기준(selection criteria)을 개선하는 방법이 있다. 후보 코드워드의 선택 기준으로 흔히 사용되는 MRDS(minimum running digital sum) 기준은 계산 및 구현이 쉬운 반면에 후보 코드워드의 길이가 길어질수록 성능이 저하되는 단점이 있다. 코드 워드 길이에 무관하게 최고의 성능을 갖는 MSW(mean squared weight) 기준은 구현상의 복잡도가 높다는 단점을 가진다. 본 논문에서는 이론상으로 가장 효율이 우수한 MSW의 성능에 근접하면서, 하드웨어 구현이 용이한 MPR DS(minimum peak RDS)와 ABSRDS(absolut RDS)라는 새로운 선택 기준을 제시하였고, 기존의 선택 기준과 함께 사용 시 보조적인 역할을 하여 성능 향상을 도모할 수 있는 SC(sign change) 알고리즘을 제시하였다.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.51-60
• /
• 1987

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 1978년(年)부터 1983년(年)까지 국립종축원(國立種畜院)에서 사육(飼育)된 Landrace, Hampshire, Large Yorkshire 및 Duroc 종(種) 54 두(頭)의 종모돈(種牡豚)에서 생산(生産)된 253 두(頭)의 웅돈(雄豚)의 검정자료(檢定資料)를 이용(利用)하여 이유전(離乳前) 체중(體重)과 이유후(離乳後) 형질(形質)에 대한 유전력(遺傳力)과 유전상관(遺傳相關) 및 표현형상관(表現型相關)을 추정(推定)하였던바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 유전력(遺傳力) 추정치에 있어서는 이유전체중(離乳前體重)인 생시체중(生時體重), 21 일령체중(日齡體重) 및 56 일령체중(日齡體重)에서 각각(各各) $0.233{\pm}0.160$, $0.485{\pm}0.185$ 및 $0.758{\pm}0.214$이었으며, 이유후체중(離乳後體重)인 일당증체량(日當增體量), 사과요구율(飼科要求率), 등지방(脂肪)두께, 90 kg 도달일령(到達日齡) 및 선발지수(選拔指數)에서 각각(各各) $0.270{\pm}0.164$, $0.350{\pm}0.174$, $0.272{\pm}0.165$, $0.887{\pm}0.221$ 및 $0.565{\pm}0.195$이었다. 2. 유전상관(遺傳相關) 추정치(推定値)에 있어서는 생시체중(生時體重)과 21 일령체중(日齡體重) 및 56 일령체중간(日齡體重間)에 각각(各各) 0.349 및 0.198 이었으며, 21 일령체중(日齡體重)과 56 일령체중간(日齡體重間)에는 0.907이었고, 일당증체중(日當增體重)과 사료요구율(飼料要求率), 등지방층(脂肪層)두께, 90 kg 도달일령(到達日齡) 및 선발지수간(選拔指數間)의 유전상관(遺傳相關) 각각(各各) -0.552, 0.107, -0.903 및 0.71 이었으며, 사료요구율(飼料要求率)과 등지방층(脂肪層)두께, 90 kg 도달일령(到達日齡) 및 선발지수간(選拔指數間)의 유전상관(遺傳相關)은 각각(各各) -0.058, 0.699 및 -0.942이었고, 등지방층(脂肪層)두께와 90 kg 도달일령(到達日齡) 및 선발지수간(選拔指數間)의 유전상관(遺傳相關)은 각각(各各) -0.237, -0.025 이었다. 3. 표현형상관(表現型相關) 추정치(推定値)에 있어서는 생시체중(生時體重)과 21 일령체중(日齡體重) 및 56 일령체중간(日齡體重間)에 각각(各各) 0.341, 0.287이었고, 21 일령체중(日齡體重)과 56 일령체중간(日齡體重間)에는 0.893이었으며, 일당증체량(日當增體量)과 사료요구율(飼料要求率), 등지방층(脂肪層)두께, 90 kg 도달일령(到達日齡) 및 선발지수간(選拔指數間)의 표현형상관(表現型相關) 각각(各各) -0.062, 0.093, -0.651 및 0.540이었고, 사료요구율(飼料要求率)과 등지방층(脂肪層)두께, 90 kg 도달일령(到達日齡) 및 선발지수간(選拔指數間)의 표현형상관(表現型相關)은 각각(各各) 0.105, 0.601 및 -0.613이었으며, 등지방층(脂肪層)두께와 90 kg 도달일령(到達日齡) 및 선발지수간(選拔指數間)의 표현형상관(表現型相關) 각각(各各) -0.040, -0.416 이었다.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.325-341
• /
• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study is to suggest the guidelines of operation phases to minimize injuries and musculoskeletal disorders in manual material handling (MMH) tasks through literature reviews. The guidelines are presented as the preparing phase, lifting phase, carrying phase, and lowering phase. Also, we summarized the non-numerical general guidelines for MMH tasks. Background: Manual material handling is still a main cause to musculoskeletal disorders. Method: Procedures of a literature review are classified into database selection, keyword search, title review, abstract review related to literature selection, guideline review and arrangement. A total 48 papers and books were analyzed in detail by title and abstract reviews. Results: In the preparing phase, we suggested the basic conditions in MMH, preparing procedure, clothing and protective equipment, and education. In the lifting and carrying phases, we recommended maximal acceptable weight by frequency and body posture. In the lowering phase, we suggested the lowest weight and safety body postures. Finally, we recommended general guidelines and guideline items for MMH. General guidelines are presented to suggest worker selection, technical education, and work design parts. Conclusion: We suggested the guidelines on the four operation phases of MMH tasks such as preparing, lifting, carrying, and lowering phases. Application: The findings of this study can be utilized as guidelines for proactive recommendations according to workers in MMH tasks.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
• /
• pp.1241-1241
• /
• 2001

We propose a new calibration method, which uses the linearization method for spectral responses and the repetitive adoptions of the linearization weight matrices to construct a frature. Weight matrices are estimated through multiple linear regression (or principal component regression or partial least squares) with forward variable selection. The proposed method is applied to three data sets. The first is FTIR spectral data set for FeO content from sinter process and the second is NIR spectra from trans-alkylation process having two constituent variables. The third is NIR spectra of crude oil with three physical property variables. To see the calibration performance, we compare the new method with the PLS. It is found that the new method gives a little better performance than the PLS and the calibration result is stable in spite of the collinearity among each selected spectral responses. Furthermore, doing the repetitive adoptions of linearization matrices in the proposed methods, uninformative variables are disregarded. That is, the new methods include the effect of variables subset selection, simultaneously.

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 2013

Nuclear power plant site selection is a complex process and its successful completion is a critical milestone in the NPP development cycle. Proper siting of NPP will ensure public health and safety, environmental conservation, reduced project failure risks and a smooth NPP development process among other benefits. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the application of systems engineering to the problem of NPP siting in Kenya. The siting process demonstrated in this paper includes stakeholder need analysis where stakeholders are identified and their needs concerning NPP site are elicited and converted into system functional requirements. A value model is then developed and potential sites iteratively subjected to three types of criteria i.e. exclusionary criteria, avoidance criteria and suitability criteria. This process is used to identify the candidate sites. An additive value model; multiple objectives Decision Analysis (MODA) is then used to calculate candidate solutions values. The site with the highest solution value score is selected. Sensitivity studies using different criterion weight sets (thereby reflecting different viewpoints) can be conducted to assess their effect on the selection of a preferred site and thereby lend additional credibility to the decision process.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.404-410
• /
• 2017

In order to help decision-makers in the early design phase to improve and make more cost-efficient system safety and reliability baselines of aircraft design concepts, a method (Multi-objective Optimization for Safety and Reliability Trade-off) that is able to handle trade-offs such as system safety, system reliability, and other characteristics, for instance weight and cost, is used. Multi-objective Optimization for Safety and Reliability Trade-off has been developed and implemented at SAAB Aeronautics. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how the implemented method might work to aid the selection of optimal design alternatives. The method is a three-step method: step 1 involves the modelling of each considered target, step 2 is optimization, and step 3 is the visualization and selection of results (results processing). The analysis is performed within Architecture Design and Preliminary Design steps, according to the company's Product Development Process. The lessons learned regarding the use of the implemented trade-off method in the three cases are presented. The results are a handful of solutions, a basis to aid in the selection of a design alternative. While the implementation of the trade-off method is performed for companies, there is nothing to prevent adapting this method, with minimal modifications, for use in other industrial applications.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국동물번식학회 2003년도 학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
• /
• pp.20-20
• /
• 2003

Phenotypic characteristics and genetic markers in livestock have been utilized for improvement of the economic traits including egg productivity. Korean Native Ogol Chicken (KNOC) has low egg productivity compared to White Leghorn. Therefore, in this study, serum IGF-I concentration and number of egg production were used as selection markers to improve egg productivity. KNOCs were divided into three groups showing high IGF-I concentration (IGF-I high), high egg production (EP high), and IGF-I/EP high groups. Blood was collected every 10 weeks, and serum concentrations of IGF-I, estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P4) were measured by radioimmunoassay. In comparison of three groups in each generation, the highest increment of egg production was detected in the IGF-I/EP high group from 20 weeks till 40 weeks, and the IGF-I high group also showed the significant increment of egg production after 50 weeks. Interestingly, there were the increase of egg production and decrease of periods in sexual maturity in the second and third generation selected by serum IGF-I concentration, while egg weight and body weight decreased during experimental period. In conclusion, the present study suggest the possibility of IGF-I as a selection marker to improve the egg productivity of KNOC.