• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1212-1217
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• 2003

Fifty-two Holstein cows with different phenotypes of $\kappa$-casein ($\kappa$-CN) and $\beta$-lactoglobulin ($\beta$-LG) were selected to provide weekly milk samples for heating at 30, 70, 75 and $80^{\circ}C$ for 2 min. Coagulating properties of heated milk samples measured as rennet clotting time, rate of curd firming and curd firmness at cutting were determined by a Formagraph. Milk samples were analysed for fat and casein. Least squares analyses of data, after adjustments were made for effect of milk casein and fat contents, indicated that although an increase in heating temperatures resulted in less desirable coagulating properties, the effect of milk types was inherent irrespective of heating temperatures. The shortest rennet clotting time (6.06 min), fastest rate of curd firming (5.61 min) and firmest curd (38.05 mm) were obtained from milk with the B variant for $\kappa$-CN and B variant for $\beta$ -LG when preheated at $30^{\circ}C$. It appears that milk bearing $\kappa$-CN B is more resistant to heat perturbation. All milk samples having the $\kappa$-casein AA (milk types AA/AA, AA/AB, AA/BB) did not have a measurable K20 value when preheated at $70^{\circ}C$. This effect was observed for $\kappa$-casein AB (milk types AB/AA, AB/AB, AB/BB) at $75^{\circ}C$ and $\kappa$-casein BB (milk types BB/AA, BB/AB, BB/BB) at $80^{\circ}C$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.378-385
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of variety and growing conditions of wheat on broiler performance and nutrient digestibility. One hundred and sixty-four wheat samples, collected from a wide range of different sources, locations, varieties and years, were analyzed for a range of chemical and physical parameters. Chemical and physical parameters measured included specific weight, thousand grain weight (TG), in vitro viscosity, gross energy, N, NDF, starch, total and soluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), lysine, threonine, amylose, hardness, rate of starch digestion and protein profiles. Ninety-four of the wheat samples were selected for inclusion in four bird trials. Birds were housed in individual wire metabolizm cages from 7 to 28 d and offered water and feed ad libitum. Dry matter intake (DMI), live weight gain (LWG) and gain:feed were determined weekly. A balance collection was carried out from 14 to 21 d for determination of apparent metabolizable energy (AME), ME:gain, DM retention, oil and NDF digestibility. At 28 d the birds were sacrificed, the contents of the jejunum removed for determination of in vivo viscosity and the contents of the ileum removed for determination of ileal DM, starch and protein digestibility. The wheat samples used in the study had wide-ranging chemical and physical parameters, leading to bird DMI, LWG, gain:feed, ME:GE, AME content and ileal starch and protein digestibility being significantly (p<0.05) affected by wheat sample. A high level of N fertilizer application to the English and NI wheat samples tended to benefit bird performance, with increases of up to 3.4, 7.2 and 3.8% in DMI, LWG and gain:feed, respectively. Fungicide application also appeared to have a positive effect on bird performance, with fungicide treated (+F) wheat increasing bird DMI, LWG and gain:feed by 6.6, 9.3 and 2.7%, over the non-fungicide treated (-F) wheats. An increase (p<0.1) of 9.3% in gain:feed was also observed at the low seed rate of 40 compared to 640 seeds/$m^2$. It was concluded that the type of wheat sample and environmental growing conditions significantly affects bird performance when fed wheat-based diets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.827-835
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• 2009

Insulin has crucial roles in energy metabolism in all mammals but has been less studied in ruminants. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of hypoinsulinemia induction on appetite, performance, carcass composition and blood metabolite levels in sheep. Treatments were intravenous injection of four doses of streptozotocin; 0, 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg BW named C, L, M and H, respectively. Twenty male lambs were divided into four treatment groups. Animals in group H could not continue the experiment because of abnormalities. The duration of the experiment was eight consecutive weeks, and injection was performed at the end of week 3. Feed and water intakes were measured weekly and weight changes of animals were recorded and used for calculation of other growth parameters. Blood samples were collected weekly via venipuncture at fasting and 2.5 h post-prandial and analyzed for hormones and blood metabolites. Results showed a marked hypoinsulinemia in group M with significant decrease in fasted and postprandial insulin concentrations and also fasted leptin concentrations vs. the control group C (p<0.05). Group M showed significant increases in blood glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, blood urea nitrogen and ketone body levels vs. group C (p<0.05). After injection, animals in group M showed diabetic hyperphagia and enhanced water intake as compared to group C (p<0.05) but, despite increased feed intake, they did not gain more weight than controls (p<0.05), and consequently, their feed conversion ratio was greater. Protein and fat contents of meat and liver were not significantly different among groups (p>0.05). In conclusion, the results suggested a regulatory role of insulin in energy metabolism of ruminants by exerting two opposing effects; central catabolic and peripheral anabolic.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.523-526
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• 2004

본 연구는 우리나라에서 유통되는 과일류 중 유해중금속 함량을 파악하여 각국의 모니터링 및 기준과 비교함으로써 안전성을 평가하고자 하였다. 9종(386건)의 과일류에 대하여 4개 금속(Hg, Pb, Cd, As) 함량을 수은은 Mercury Analyzer로 납, 카드뮴, 비소는 습식분해 후 ICP 및 AAS로 분석하였다. 본 연구결과로부터 알아 낸 국내에서 유통되는 과일류 중 유해중금속 평균함량은 Hg 0.001 mg/kg, Pb 0.013 mg/kg, Cd 0.006 mg/kg, As 0.017 mg/kg으로 외국에서 보고된 결과와 유사한 수준이었다. 또한 우리나라 국민이 과일류를 통해 섭취하는 수은, 납, 카드뮴 등 유해중금속량은 FAO/WHO에서 설정한 잠정주간섭취허용량(PTWI)의 약 1-2% 수준으로 낮게 나타났다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.375-378
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• 2004

우리나라에서 유통되는 꽃게, 기타게, 꽃새우, 기타새우, 닭새우, 갯가재 등 58건 갑각류에 대하여 수은 함량은 mercury analyzer로, 납, 카드뮴, 비소함량은 습식분해 후 ICP 또는 AAS로 분석한 결과, 갑각류 중 중금속 함량 최소-최대(평균), mg/kgl은 수은 0.004-28(0.06), 납 ND-0.31(0.03), 카드뮴 0.003-0.92(0.15), As 0.01-35.9(6.64)이었다. 본 연구결과는 다른나라에서 보고된 갑각류중 중금속 함량과 유사한 수준이었다. 우리나라 국민이 갑각류 섭취에 의한 수은, 납, 카드뮴의 주간섭취량 은 FAO/WHO에서 정한 잠정주간섭취허용량의 약 1% 미만인 것으로 나타났다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.235-253
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• 2011

The annual variation of mesozooplankton community in the Jangmok harbor of Jinhae Bay was studied in relation to environmental variables. Sampling was carried out weekly from January to December 2009. During the study periods, mesozooplankton community consisted of 44 taxa and the annual mean abundance was 8308 inds. $m^{-3}$. The maximum abundance was observed to be 50043 inds. $m^{-3}$ in August and the minimum in April with 1013 inds. $m^{-3}$. Of these, Penilia avirostris, cirripedia larvae, Evadne tergestina, Acartia omorii, Oikopleura s, Paracalanus parvus s. l., Eurytemora pacifica, Podon s, Oithona s, and Acartia steueri were observed as dominant species in Jangmok bay and they also contributed to 79% of total mesozooplankton. According to non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) and cluster analysis based on the mesozooplankton community data from each season, the community was divided into three groups. The first group included appearence species in winter and spring season, which is mainly dominated the copepod such as A. omorii and E. pacifica. The second and third group was composed with observed species in summer and autumn, respectively. Based on the SIMPER (similarity percentages), P. avirostris in summer and cirripedia larvae in autumn were significantly dominated. Our results indicate that although the mesozooplankton abundances in Jangmok harbor fluctuated abruptly, its annual variation was strongly influenced by water temperature.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.675-683
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• 2017

Total mercury (T-Hg) and methyl mercury (MeHg) were determined in marine fisheries (41 species, n=87) commonly consumed in Korea, using a gold amalgamation method and gas chromatography-cold vapor atomic fluorescent spectroscopy, respectively. Concentrations of T-Hg and MeHg in all samples (31 fish, 4 crustaceans, 4 cephalopods, and 2 gastropod species) were in the range of 0.016-0.495 (mean, 0.093) mg/kg-wet and not detected-0.338 (mean, 0.067) mg/kg-wet, respectively. The concentrations of MeHg in marine fisheries were significantly correlated with T-Hg concentrations (P<0.001). The highest mean concentrations of T-Hg and MeHg were found in fish species, followed by crustaceans. The contribution of MeHg to T-Hg was in the range of 64-95% (mean, 83%) in cephalopods, 28-98% (mean, 69%) in fish, and 26-88% (mean, 57%) in crustaceans. The weekly intakes of T-Hg and MeHg by fisheries consumption for the Korean general population were estimated to be 0.463 and $0.338{\mu}g/kg$ body weight/week, respectively. The concentrations and intakes of T-Hg and MeHg were less than the allowable residue levels and in the range of 12 to 17% of the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) applied in Korea.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.342-346
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• 2003

본 연구는 국내 유통되고 있는 207건의 음료류에 대하여 납, 카드뮴, 비소, 주석함량은 습식분해 후 유도결합플라스마분광기(ICP), 원자흡광광도계(AAS)를 사용하여 분석하였으며 수은함량은 수은분석기 등을 이용하여 측정하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. [단위: min-max(mean), mg/kg]; Hg 0.0001-0.0025(0.0004), As 불검출-0.0245(0.0003), Pb 불검출-0.089(0.004), Cd 불검출-0.006(0.001), Sn 불검출-45.36(1.97). 본 조사결과 우리나라에서 유통되고 있는 음료류 중 납 등 중금속 함량은 외국의 모니터링 결과와 유사하였다. 또한 우리나라 국민이 음료류를 통한 중금속 섭취량은 FAO/WHO에서 설정한 잠정주간섭취허용량의 약 $0.01{\sim}0.06%$ 이하로 매우 낮았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.213-215
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• 1994

Poultry feeding systems are likely to change for increased efficiency of production. An experiment was conducted to compare the response of broilers to choice feeding of corn with a standard broiler ration. The treatments consisted of providing broiler feed as the only feed (SINGLE FEED) and access to corn as a choice to a complete broiler feed (CHOICE FEEDING). Weights and feed consumption were obtained at weekly intervals. Samples at the conclusion of the experiment were taken to determine the weight of abdominal fat. Results showed that there was no significant difference in term of liveweight between the two feeding regimes. However, birds given a choice of the broiler feed and corn had better feed efficiency which is reflected by the lower total feed intake. Corn intake was 23.1% of total feed intake in the choice fed birds. In term of carcass colour, birds fed corn as a choice was observed to have a deeper yellow skin colour than the birds fed with broiler feed only.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권8호
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• pp.1138-1146
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• 2016

2014~2015년 서울시내 대형마트, 소형마트 및 재래시장 등에서 유통 중인 천연 및 단순가공 도라지 총 93건(깐도라지 53건, 피도라지 40건)의 알루미늄 잔류량을 분석한 결과 평균 및 95th percentile 알루미늄 잔류량은 72.989(0.54~564.38) mg/kg 및 471.32 mg/kg이었다. 깐도라지 53건의 평균 및 95th percentile 알루미늄 잔류량은 121.235(0.54~564.38) mg/kg 및 545.622 mg/kg이었으며, 피도라지 40건의 평균 및 95th percentile 알루미늄 잔류량은 9.063(0.72~28.05) mg/kg 및 26.379 mg/kg이었다. 단순가공 깐도라지의 평균 알루미늄 잔류량은 천연 상태 피도라지에 비해 13.4배 높은 수준으로 유의적인 차이가 있었다(P<0.001). 도라지의 알루미늄 분석값과 제6기 1차 연도(2013년)의 국민건강영양조사 중 영양조사(조사1일 전 식품섭취내용, 24시간 회상법)의 도라지 섭취량 평균값, 최소값, 최대값 및 95th percentile 값을 이용하여 단일값 분석을 실시하여 추정식이섭취량(estimated daily intake, EDI)을 산출한 결과 영양조사 대상자 전체(시나리오I)의 도라지 섭취를 통한 평균 알루미늄 EDI는 0.001(~1.363) mg/kg bw/d 였으며, 섭취자군(시나리오II)의 평균 및 95th percentile EDI는 각각 0.033(0.000~1.309) 및 0.610 mg/kg bw/d였다. 도라지 섭취량을 연중 일상섭취량으로 가정하여 추정주간식이섭취량(estimated weekly intake, EWI)을 산출하여 잠정주간섭취허용량(provisional tolerable weekly intake, PTWI)과 비교하여 평가한 결과 섭취자군(시나리오II)의 평균 추정주간식이섭취량은 0.231 mg/kg bw/week(23.1% PTWI)였다.