• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.278-279
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• 2000

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.7-7
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• 2010

Flotation deinking is a common practice for removing ink from recovered paper, and it is becoming a key process in many recycling paper mills. Flotation deinking was successfully introduced to the paper recycling industry in the 1980s, and its applications in wax removal, stickies control, and fiber fractionation have attracted great research interest. A successful flotation process has three major efficient subprocesses: the detachment of the ink particles from the fibers, the effective adhesion of the ink particles onto air bubble surfaces, and the removal of froth and ink particles from flotation cells. Surfactants can affect these subprocesses either positively or negatively. To understand how a surfactant can positively and negatively affect the flotation deinking process, the basic chemistry of surfactant in solution should be discussed.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.6-14
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• 2003

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the method decreasing debinding time as well as lowering operation condition than pure supercritical $CO_2$ debinding by using cosolvent or binary mixture of propane + $CO_2$. First method is to add cosolvent, such as n-hexane, DCM, methanol, 1-butanol, in supercritical $CO_2$. In case of adding cosolvent, we were found the addition of non-polar cosolvent (n-hexane) improves dramatically the binder removal rate (more than 2 times) compared with pure supercritical $CO_2$ debinding, second method is to use mixture of supercritical propane + $CO_2$, as solvent. In case of using mixture of supercritical propane + $CO_2$, the rate of debinding speeded up with increasing of pressure and concentration of propane at 348.15 K. It was found that addition of cosolvent (e.g., n-hexane, DCM) and binary mixture propane + $CO_2$ for supercritical solvent remarkably improved binder removal rate for the paraffin wax-based binder system, in comparison with using pure supercritical $CO_2$.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.191-200
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• 2012

The patients' demand for treatment of unesthetic anterior teeth is steadily growing. Accordingly, several treatment options such as porcelain laminate veneers(PLV) have been proposed to restore the esthetic appearance of the dentition. Porcelain laminate veneers are considered minimally invasive, but they also require removal of sound enamel. One critical step in the porcelain laminate veneer technique is the achievement of sufficient ceramic thickness, and several different strategies for tooth preparation can be found in the literature. This clinical report describes a step-by-step protocols for preparation of these restorations used with the silicone index from diagnostic wax-up and the acrylic resin mock-up. Conservative use of porcelain laminate veneers provided satisfactory esthetic outcomes and preserved sound tooth structure.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.222-230
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• 2009

This study was to investigate the effect of alkali treatment for long kenaf fiber to improve fiber surface characterics by removal of wax, lignin and hemicellulose which affect adversely for matrix union. SEM observation was also studied to check out the interface adhesion improvement by the alkali pre-treatment. From the result, interface coherence increased by 3% alkali pre-treatment and reached a maximum by 5% alkali pre-treatment. However, the 3% the bio-composites treated with 3% alkali was highest tensile and flexural strength than other.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.176-182
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• 2013

Several types of mesoporous alumina adsorbents with different physical properties were prepared by spray pyrolysis and were used for the separation/purification of the anticancer agent paclitaxel. The pore diameter of the adsorbents had a greater effect than did the surface area and the pore volume on the removal of plant-derived impurities. An appropriate pore diameter (~10.8 nm) was required for effective impurity removal. At a constant pore diameter, the surface area of the adsorbent affected not only the purity but also the yield of paclitaxel. Also, increasing the surface area of the adsorbent resulted in an increase in the adsorption of paclitaxel and impurities (biomass-derived tar and wax components). Removal of these impurities was confirmed by HPLC analysis of the absorbent after the treatment and TGA of the organic substances that were bound to the adsorbent.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-21
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• 1995

In this context, it should be mentioned that multilamellar vesicles can be prepared with the main compounds of the intercellular lipids, ceramides, cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, squalane, lecithin, wax ester by effect of the wetting. We investigated properties formation of MLV with use of the AHAsomes and Microfluidizer. The multilamellar vesicles are formed merely adding polyol and water phase, followed with the microfluidizer. Formation of a practically pure AHAsomes system, containing the active ingredients directly incorporated without need for preservatives. There were very good encapsulated properties of the active ingredients whether hydrophilic(malic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, allantoin, urea) and hydrophobic(vitamin-I acetate, vitamin-A palmitate). Optimum condition (ormatiom of MLV was passed three times in the microfluidizer, particle size of the vesicles should be within range 50-523nm (mean=163.5nm). As application, It was compared that horny layer of the sole of foots removal with the general OM emulsion and the AHAsomes cream. There was used for three months, those got recovery wrinkles about 151.8% and elasticity three times more the AHAsomes than O/W emulsions, It was confirmed with the Image Analyzer and the Cutometer.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.197-202
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• 2009

The high toxicity of wax, oil, varnish and volatile corrosion inhibitor(VCI) corrosion inhibitors lead to an increasing interest in using non-toxic alternatives such as anti-corrosive film. This study aims to investigate the possibility to use acryl based anti-corrosive film as a substitution of toxic corrosion inhibitors. Acryl emulsions were polymerized by several acryl monomers(acrylonitrile(AN), n-butyl acrylate(nBA), methylmethacrylate(MMA) and glycycyl methacrylate(GMA)), non-toxic corrosion inhibitor, crosslinking agents(diethylene glycol dimethacrylate(DEGDA)) and various additives in order to apply substrate of anti-corrosive film. Acryl emulsion for anti-corrosive film(AeACF) as a substrate of corrosion inhibitor film has excellent removal characteristic at above $25^{\circ}C$. The crosslinked by DEGDA in a range of above 4 wt% content anti-corrosive film can easily remove from the metal surface by using hands because it kept a balance of cohesion and adhesion strength. Anti - corrosive performance of AeACF is better than anti-corrosive oil by corrosion rate test, which was measured $54.3mg/dm^2$ day(MDD) and $142.9mg/dm^2$ day, respectively. Anti-corrosive film consisting of acryl monomers and inorganic anti-corrosive ingredients did not emit any toxic pollutants by gas chromatography. Thus it is estimated that acryl based anti-corrosion film can substitute toxic corrosion inhibitors.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.755-760
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• 2001

Objective : To determine the feasibility of translabyrinthine approach in the vestibular schwannoma patients, the authors reviewed eighteen consecutive cases, focusing at their functional outcome and operative complications. Materials and Method : To evaluate the functional outcome, we reviewed preoperative radiological findings such as size of tumors and location of jugular bulb as well as the preoperative neurological status including audiometric analysis and cranial nerve function in 18 patients, diagnosed as vestibular schwannoma. Also the surgical outcome was evaluated according to the functional preservation of facial nerve and incidence of the surgical complication as well as the extent of surgical resection. Results : The age of patients ranged from 21 to 62 years, with a mean of 50 years. Of 18 patients operated in our center by the translabyrinthine approach, wide exposure with total removal of the mass was possible in 16 cases (88.8%). The facial nerve was anatomically preserved in 88.8%. At six-month follow-up, facial nerve function was good(Grade I-II) in 15 patients(83%) and acceptable(I-IV) in all patients. Although the jugular bulb was highly placed is five patients, gross total resection was possible without facial nerve injury in all patients by the translabyrinthine approach. One patient experienced CSF leakage after surgery, but there was no patient with disabling deficit. Conclusion : Use of the translabyrinthine approach for removal of vestibular schwannomas resulted in good anatomical and functional preservation of the facial nerve, with minimal incidence of morbidity and no mortality. In cases of high jugular bulb impacted into mastoid bone, total removal was possible by displacing the jugular bulb with Surgicel cellulose and placement of bone wax.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.395-400
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• 2004

The effects of compositions of binders on the rheological properties of mixtures and the preparation conditions on the formation of defects and the debinding characteristics of compacts for the injection molding of ceramic powders (65 wt% aluminaㆍ35 wt% feldspar) were studied. Ceramic powders were coated with 2 wt% of stearic acid and then mixed with 15, 20, and 25 wt% of Paraffin Wax (PW) and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) as binders at $160^{\circ}C$ for 2 h. Rheological properties were investigated by using capillary rheometer. Apparent viscosities of mixtures were 80∼300 Paㆍs at 1,000$s^{-1}$ of a shear rate, it was good for the injection molding and depending on the compositions of binders. Short shot was formed at 15H5P5 (the ratio of HDPE : PW=5 : 5 in 15 wt% of binders) compacts without injection pressures and any noticeable defects were not formed at 45 kgf/$cm^{2}$ in 20H5P5 compacts. PW and HDPE were removed by the solvent extraction and thermal debinding method. Thermal debinding of HDPE at $450^{\circ}C$ for 5 h, which followed the extraction of PW was using n-heptane solvent at $70^{\circ}C$ for 5 h. Continuous pores in compacts, which facilitate the removal of HDPE by the thermal debinding, were found to form in the compacts when PW was removed by the solvent extraction. The optimum composition of binder at which binder was removed by thermal debinding without defects while maintaining the compact strength was 20H5P5. Bulk density, porosity and 3-point bending strength of 20H5P5 compact sintered at 1,30$0^{\circ}C$ for 5 h were 2.8, < 3%, and 2,400 kgf/$cm^{2}$, respectively, and can be used as a structural materials.