• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 1992

This study was conducted to determine the effects of the bottom watering method on seedling growth, temperature of seedbed and working hours. The results of compared conventional watering with bottom watering were as follows: 1. The lowest and highest temperature on surface of bottom watering seedbed were higher about 2-3$^{\circ}C$ and 3-5$^{\circ}C$ than those of conventional plot, respectively. 2. At 30 days after seeding, flesh and dry weight of seedling in bottom watering seedbed were heavier about 121% and 62% than those of seedling in conventional plot, respectively, while dry ratio of that was lower about 30.2%. 3. Plant height of transplanting seedling in bottom watering seedbed was higher about 4-5cm than that of seedling in conventional plot. Otherwise, ratio of top to root and length of root were not significant. 4. Working hours of bottom watering for growing seedling were reduced 40.9% and 53.4% in primary and secondary seedbeds as compared with those of conventional plot, respectively.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.12
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• pp.1215-1222
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• 2021

In this study, a study on how to use a fire hydrant as a heat wave reduction facility through hydraulic analysis of the water supply pipe network was conducted. Assuming that the fire hydrant installation point is open for heat wave reduction, the water pressure at each point was derived. And the reduction rate of the temperature according to the hydrant watering was compared with the watering area according to the operation of the watering truck. The watering area according to the opening of the fire hydrant was calculated by deriving the pressure value at the node where the fire hydrant was installed through hydraulic analysis of the water pipe network, and then using the watering radius relational expression according to the pressure value. As a result of applying the proposed methodology to two real city areas, the temperature reduction effect of the watering method by a fire hydrant can be derived lower than the watering method by a watering truck according to the difference in the absolute watering area. However, unlike a watering truck, a fire hydrant does not have a relative restriction on the amount of water supply and is expected to allows continuous divided spraying of the same area.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.41-48
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• 1986

This study was fulfilled by the weighing lysimeter method at the experimental farm of KonKuk University from April to June of 1986 to investgate the amount of evapotranspiration ( ET-lettuec )by the growing periods, evapotranspiration ratio, amount of watering per one time, days of intermission and soil moisture extraction pattern of the crisphead lettuce cultivated in the clay loam soil by different watering points of pFl.7, pF2.O, pF2.7. The results obtained are summar ized as follows : 1.The total evapotranspiration(ETlettuce) of the pFl.7 treatment plot was 358,9mm., 314.9mm in the pF2.O plot and 281.8mm in the pF2.7 plot, therefore the total ETlettuec increased with the difference of 33mm-44mm by the decrease of watering point. 2.The daily maximum ETlettuce by the watering points was 7.66mm, 6:54mm, 5.98mm, respectively in the last ten days of May, and the mean daily ETlettuce during the growing season by the watering points of pFl.7, pF2.O and pF2.7 was 5.44mm(384.5g), 4.77mm(337.2g) and 4.27mm(301.8g), respectively. 3.The evapotranspiration ratio showed maximum value in the middle of May which was the beginning of mid-season stage, and the mean evapotranspiration ratio during the total growing period was 1A7, 1.29, 1.15 by the watering points. 4.The days of watering intermission by the watering points of pFl.7, pF2.O and pF2.7 was 1.0day, 2.9days and 12.Sdays, respectively. 5.The yield of the crisphead lettuce by the watering treatments showed very high significance, and the pF2.O was confirmed as a optimum watering point. 6.The soil moisture extraction pattern(SMEP) of the pF2.0 treatment plot in the initial stage was 85.6% in the 1st and 2nd soil layer and 14.4% in the 3rd and 4th layer, and in the midseason stage, the moisture extraction proportion of the under layer accounted for 34.7%which showed that the root elongated to the lowest soil layer, and there was no difference of the SMEP between the mid-season and late-season stage. 7.The correlation coefficient between the ETlettuce and yield of lettuce by the three watering points was.739, which showed the significance of 5%.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.60-63
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• 2004

Demand for development of processing systems for pre-washed rice and propagation of the systems has recently been on the rise, because rice-cooking requires watering 15 times the rice quantity to cook, as in case of the regular rice currently being circulated in Korean market, in addition to paying the trouble of washing it for cooking, and besides the milky turbid water coming from the rice-washing contributes to water contamination. In this study, therefore, a processing system for pre-washed rice was designed and built with rice surface polishing devices that adopted abrading and airing methods, an electrostatic method and a method using a fine watering, to conduct its performance test. The result showed that turbidity of the wash water, which is the base to determine the pre-washed rice standard, turned out 47.33 ppm and 48.00 ppm respectively for 800 kg/hr and 1,000 kg/hr supplies, which meets the standard for the processing system free from rice-washing for cooking. The quantity of watering at this experiment was only 0.43 times the rice, thus resulting in curtailment of process-watering by approximately $69\%$ compared with the existing wet-type pre-washed rice processing system popular in Korean market.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.204-208
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• 2006

Utilization of synthetic benzyladenine (BA) for bean sprout production should be reduced or minimized because of elevating production cost and not ascertaining action mechanism to human body. The study was done to compare the effects of BA concentrations under different watering methods (overspraying or underwatering) on growth and morphological characteristics of mungbean sprouts. Seeds of cv. Zhong-Lu 1 were soaked for 5 hours in the solutions with different BA concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 ppm) before 4 hour aeration, and then were cultured for 6 days by both watering systems. Their morphological characters, fresh and dry weights were measured. Regardless of watering methods, lateral roots were sharply dropped over 30 ppm BA concentrations, and hypocotyl, root and total lengths were shortened with increased BA concentrations although ratios of hypocotyl to root lengths and hypocotyl diameters were enlarged with their increment. Total fresh weights were increased up to 20 ppm in overspraying method but up to 30 ppm in underwatering method mainly due to increment of hypocotyl fresh weights. The sprouts were faster grown in overspraying method than in underwatering method because the former showed longer lengths of hypocotyl and root, and total fresh weights.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.460-463
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• 1997

One of the major problems in automation of soybean sprouter is watering method. This study was conducted solve this problem. The soybean sprouter consisted of three parts: water-receiving chamber with siphon, water spraying bowl and sprout cultivating bowl. It functions as automatic-watering without manpower and electric power, and is not noisy and has duration. Watering interval, watering time and amount could be controlled by regulation of dropping times/min from a tap. Chlorine contained in tap water is naturally decreased during its (water) storage in the water receiving chamber. Among three types of sprouter (siphon type, wet paper type and water pump type) the siphon type can be used at $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ that is the optimum temperature for soybean sprout.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.23-29
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• 1987

This study was fulfilled by the floating lysimeter method at the experimental farm of Kon-Kuk University from August to November of 1986 to investigate the amount of evapotranspiration by the growing periods, evapotranspiration ratio, amount of watering per one time, days of intermission, soil moisture extraction pattern and crop coefficient of the Chinese cabbage cultivated in the sandy loam soil at the watering point of pF2.O. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1.The total evapotranspiration during the growing period was 267.2mm, which was 3. 99mm by daily average, and the maximum evapotranspiration showed in the mid ten days of September with the value of 5.81mm I day. 2.The evapotranspiration ratio by the growing stages increased from the last ten days of September and showed maximum in the beginning of October, and the average evapotranspiration ratio was 1.4. 3.The days of watering intermission at the watering point of pF2.O was 2.4 days, and the average yield per plant was 3,228 g. 4. The soil moisture extraction pattern in the initial stage was 78.9 % in the 1st and 2nd soil layer and 21.1 % in the 3rd and 4th layer, and the mid-season stage, the moisture extraction proportion of the under layer accounted for 38.8 % which showed that the root elongated to the lowest soil layer. 5.The average crop coefficient(Kc) of the tested crop during the growing period was 0.67 by Penman equation and 2.36 by Pan Evaporation equation, which showed high difference by the calculation methods, and the changes of crop coefficient by the growing stages by Penman equation was favorable than those calculated by other met-hods.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.149-155
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• 2004

On this study, a multipurpose operating system was developed to adjust a configuration of a moving path which have no connection with a form of greenhouse. To being performance the multipurpose working system, we have experienced growth quality on the plants in greenhouse. Some of the results are as follows. While watering by the hand spray. the condition of plant was generally no good. It was shown that plant height and leaf area were all high without wind during watering by the automatic spray. The effect to retrain a plant growth was high as a ventilation was strong. The diameter of a plant stem was small without ventilation condition during watering 3 times by automatic spray. The number of leaf was relatively large during 3 times by automatic spray compared to 2 times by automatic spray or hand spray. Growth of plant was fast as the times of spray were large.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.101-110
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• 1975

This study was carried out to determine the effect of water control on Rice plan in warmer season(July~August). The results are summarized as follows; 1. Compared to ordinary watering methods, a constant irrigation method indicated a decrease in water temperature of $1.5^{\circ}C$. 2. In the plot of constant irrigation, there was an increase in the root system in general and an increase of root distribution near the surface in particular. The near surface root distribution under ordinary watering method shows about forty percent distribution. The constant irrigation method shows a near-surface root distribution of sixty-percent within a perimeter of five centimeters. 3. Under the contants irrigation method, there was an increase in length and area of the flag leaf. 4. The total nitrogen and silica content of leaf-bodies at maturing stage was greater when using the constant irrigation method. 5. There was an increase in the number of panicles and the number of spikelets when using the constant irrigation method. 6. The yield was remarkably increased with constant irrigation.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.5
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• pp.106-111
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• 1987

The susceptibility of 8 chrysanthemum varieties to Apelenchoides ritzemabosi, Shuhonothikara and Sagakiku were resistant by 11.7% and 14.5% each infested leaf, Sinrokusiogio, Dangonanako and Sintoa were susceptible as above 50%, Gold wave and Tenju were modertae by 24 to 26%. Percentage of infested leaf was positively correlated with the number of epidermal hair but not with leaf area, leaf thickness, stomatal size, number of stomata and length of epidermal hair. In effect of watering method, Polyethylene film cover plot was lowest by 9.4%, next conventional watering plot by 50%, Conventional watering and spray plot was the highest by 62%. The infested leaf rate was closely related with a number of rainy days than the amount of rainfall. Effect of chemical soil treatment, Temik showed the lowest infested leaf rate by 5%. There was no significant difference between the chemicals except Temik, but these are markedly effective in compare to control.