• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.177-203
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• 1997

Various kinds of medicinal herbs and prescribed herb medicines which have usually been used for treatment of reducing fever, purging intense heat, and detoxication were secreened for antibacterial activity against Proteus vulgaris, S. aureus, and E. faecalis which causing puerperal infection. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of water and ethanol-soluble extracts of Hwangyon(C. japonica), Omae(P. mume), and Omiza(S. chinensis) were determined and using thin-layer chromatography the extracts of Hwangyon and Omiza were separated. The results obtained were as follow : 1. The water-soluble extracts of Keumeunhwa(L. japonica), Chiza(G. jasminoides), Hwangyon(C. japonica), Dansam(S. miltiorrhiza), Omae(P. mume) and Omiza(S. chinensis) showed antibacterial activities against P. vulgaris ; among them, the extracts of Hwangyon, Omae, and Omiza showed high antibacterial activities. The water-soluble extracts of Keumeunhwa(L. japonica), Hwangyon(C. japonica), Hwangkeum(S. baicalensis), Hwangbaek(P. amurense), Dansam(S. miltiorrhiza), Daehwang(R. coreanum), Omae(P. mume), Omiza(S. chinensis), Gingseng(P. ginseng), and Gamcho(G. uralensis) showed antibacterial activities against S. aureus : among them, the extracts of Hwangyon and Omiza showed high antibacterial activities. The water-soluble extracts of Banggi(C. trilobus), Daehwang(R. coreanum), Omae(P. mume), Omiza(S. chinensis), and Gamcho(G. uralensis) inhibited the cell growth of E. faecalis : among them, Omae and Omiza showed high antibacterial activities. The extract of Hwangyon(C. Japonica) and Omae(P. mume) showed no inhibition against E. coli. However, the extract of Omiza(S. chinensis) inhibited cell growth of both E. coli and B. subtilis. 2. The water- and ethanol-soluble extract of Hwangyon(C. Japonica) showed antibacterial activities against P. vulgaris and S. aureus, those of Omae(P. mume) against P. vulgaris and E. faecalis, and those of Omiza(S. chinensis) against all species tested, P. vulgaris, S. aureus, and E. faecalis. With the exception that ethanol-soluble extract of Hwangyon(C. japonica) showed much higher antibacterial activity against S. aureus than water-soluble one, antibacterial activities of both water-and ethanol-soluble ones were similar to each other of other two medicinal herbs. 3. When the prescribed herb medicines were tested, Sambohwan showed antibacterial activities against P. vulgaris and S. aureus. No prescribed herb medicine inhibitied the cell growth of E. faecalis. 4. Minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of both water- and ethanol-soluble extracts of Hwangyon(C. japonica), Omae(P. mume), and Omiza(S. chinensis) against P. vulgaris were $2.5mg/m{\ell}$, $10mm{\ell}$, and $20mg/m{\ell}$, respectively. Those of both Hwangyon(C. japonica) and Omiza(S. chinensis) against S. aureus were $1.25mg/m{\ell}$ and $10mg/m{\ell}$, respectively. MICs of water-soluble extracts of Omae(P. mume) and Omiza(S. chinensis) against E. faecalis were $2.5m{\ell}$ and $5m{\ell}$, and those of ethanol-soluble extracts were $5m{\ell}$ and $10m{\ell}$, respectively Except for those of E. faecalis the cell growth of P. vulgaris and S. aureus were inhibited by much lower concentration of ethanol-soluble extracts used. As a result, the antibacterial compounds against P. vulgaris S. aureus, and E. aecalis are contained in the extracts of Hwangyon(C. japonica), Omae(P. mume), Omiza(S. chinensis), the prescribed herb medicine, Sambohwan, and might be used for treatment of puerperal infection. Further study should be carried out to identify which compounds affect the cell growth inhibition of P. vulgaris S. aureus, and E. faecalis.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.181-193
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate dyeing properties and functionality of cotton and silk fabrics dyed with hot-water extract from Juniperus chinensis heartwood. Water-soluble dye of Juniperus chinensis heartwood extracted with distilled water was expressed YR color series. Dye uptake of cotton continued to increase according to the increase of the dye concentration. Its variation trends were shown to be similar to the isothermal absorption curve of the Freundlich. Dye uptake of silk was better than cotton, increased depending on increasing concentration of the dye, dyeing time and temperature. Its variation trends were shown to be similar to the isothermal absorption curve of the Langmuir. As the pH increased, the dye uptake of fabrics reduced and showed increased on red tinge. Colors of the dyed fabrics were various, depending on dye concentration and the mordant type and mordant concentration. Washing fastness, light fastness and perspiration fastness were not good. However, rubbing and dry cleaning fastness showed relatively good grade. Dyed fabrics of ultraviolet-cut ability and deodorant ability were improved. And dyed fabrics showed antimicrobial abilities of 99.9% against Staphylococcus aureus.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2021

This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of Endoseal TCS, an mineral trioxide aggregate-based root canal sealer, mixed with water-soluble mangostin derivatives (WsMD) of Garcinia mangostana L. (mangosteen) ethanol extract against Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial activity of Endoseal TCS mixed with WsMD against three strains of E. faecalis and three strains of S. aureus was performed using agar diffusion test. The data showed that Endoseal TCS mixed with 0.115% WsMD had a zone of inhibition of 0.7 ± 0.2-2.4 ± 0.1 mm. The results suggest that Endoseal TCS mixed with WsMD of Garcinia mangostana L. ethanol extract is useful as a root canal sealer with antibacterial activity against E. faecalis and S. aureus.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.302-310
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• 2008

Azadirachta indica A. Juss (N.O. Meliaceae), popularly known, as 'Neem' is an indigenous tree widely available in India. Almost every part of the tree has long been used in Unani system of medicine for the treatment of a variety of human ailments. The flowers have been mentioned as a remedy useful in controlling diabetes mellitus. The present study had been designed to investigate the hypoglycemic/anti-hyperglycemic effects of the methanolic extract of the flowers of A. indica (Gule-Neem) and its different fractions on normal, glucose fed hyperglycemic, adrenaline induced hyperglycemic and alloxan induced diabetic rats. The methanolic extract was resolved into water soluble and water insoluble fractions. Water soluble portion of the methanolic extract was found to possess significant blood sugar lowering effect in glucose-fed and adrenaline-induced hyperglycemic rats but it did not show such effect in normal and alloxan induced mild and severe diabetic rats. Water-soluble portion was fractionated by employing the polarity criterion with ethyl acetate and butanol. The ethyl acetate fraction was further fractionated into phenolic and non-phenolic fractions. Hypoglycemic effect of these fractions was also evaluated. The results suggest that the flowers of A. indica contain at least two different constituents, responsible for the said activity. These investigations validate the use of flowers of A. indica in diabetes by Unani physicians.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.287-292
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of present study was to assess the anti-oxidant potential of water-soluble peptides (WSPs) extract derived from buffalo and cow milk Cheddar cheeses at different stages of ripening. Methods: The antioxidant potential of WSPs extract was assessed through 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6sulfonic acid (ABTS)-radical scavenging activity. In addition, impact of WSPs extract on cell viability and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 (tert-butylhydroperoxide-induced) cell lines was also evaluated. Results: The ABTS-radical scavenging activity increased progressively with ripening period and dose-dependently in both cheeses. However, peptide extract from buffalo milk Cheddar cheese demonstrated relatively higher activity due to higher contents of water-soluble nitrogen. Intracellular ROS production in Caco-2 cells decreased significantly (p<0.05) till 150th day of cheese ripening and remained constant thereafter. Additionally, dose-dependent response of WSPs extract on antioxidant activity was noticed in the Caco-2 cell line. Conclusion: On the basis of current in vitro study, the Cheddar cheese WSPs extract can protect intestinal epithelium against oxidative stress due to their antioxidant activity.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1994

To investigate the effect of several bactericides and fungicides against fruit & vegetable decay grapefruit seed extract(GFSE) was tested in a dilution solution. GFSE was shown to be effective against decay and rind breakdown and to extend the shelf-life of fruits and vegetables during storage and tiansport. Antimicrobial efficiency of GFSE on a wide spectra of gram + & - bacteria, moulds and yeasts was demonstrated by the measurement of minimal inhibitory concentrations performed (Bacteria 10-500ppm, Fungi:250-1,000ppm, Yeasts:100-250ppm). GFSE was separated and extracted into water-soluble fraction, water-insoluble and non-dialyzed fraction to isolate the antimicrobial substances. The water-soluble fraction showed the most active antimicrobial effect. The antimicrobial substances were isolated by gas chromatography. As the result of the isolation using GC, Peak-D was found to be the antimicrobial compound in GFSE. The identification of the most antimicrobial substance was carried out by using GC-MS.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.35 no.2 s.137
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• pp.134-138
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• 2004

A bioassay-guided fractionation of the whole extract of Viscum album var. coloratum Ohwi (Loranthaceae) led to the isolation of two triterpenoidal components; oleanolic acid (1) and ${\beta}-amyrin$ acetate (2), and a flavonoid, homoflavoyadorinin B (3) as well as large quantity of free fatty acid mixtures as active ingredients of the extract responsible for the antitumoral property. The EtOAc soluble fraction and BuOH soluble fraction of the extract demonstrated a significant inhibition on the proliferation of cultured human tumor cells such as A549 (non small cell lung), SK-OV-3 (ovary), SK-MEL-2 (melanoma), XF498 (central nerve system), and HCT-15 (colon) in vitro, whereas the remaining water soluble fraction exhibited a poor inhibition. The intensive phytochemical investigation of the EtOAc soluble fraction and BuOH soluble fraction of the extract indicated that the oleanolic acid (1) and large amounts of free fatty acid mixtures might be attributed to the in vitro antitumoral property of the whole extract of Viscum album var. coloratum.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.149-156
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• 1978

The result of the study about the cultivation, the constituents, the sweetenity, and the development of preparations of Stevia and Hydrangea are as follows: 1. Hydrangea thrived at $200{\sim}1,400m$ above the sea-level, and the good ones were brought up at $600{\sim}1,200m$. 2. The good ones which belonged to the genera of Hydrangea were produced in the damp, dark and cold place. 3. The growth and cultivated yield of Stevia was not significantly influenced by the acidity of the soil. 4. The best season was May and June for propagation of Stevia by cutting method. 5. The growth rate of Stevia and Hydrangea was really good in the sandy fertile soil, but in the mucotic soil it was not suitable. 6. The extraction and separation of phyllodulcin by solvent had many difficulties, because it was very soluble in water, ethanol, ether, petroleum ether, acetone and benzene, etc. 7. The solubility of stevioside on the solvent was as follows: It was very soluble in water and methanol, slightly soluble in ethanol and acetone, and insoluble in ether, petroleum ether and chloroform. 8. The alkaloid reaction by Mayer reagent in Hydrangea extract was positive. 9. The ashification rate of Stevia was 8.66% to 8.72% and that of Hydrangea 17.02% to 17.04%. 10. The tannin of Stevia leaf was 7.80% to 7.88% and its of Hydrangea decreased 9.46% to 6.08% by fermentation. 11. The percent rates in minimum concentration-occurring sweetness in sugar, glycyrrhiza methanol extract, Hydrangea water extract, Stevia leaf water extract, decoction of Stevia's leaf, decoction of Stevia's stem were as follows: 1.2, 0.1, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.01, 0.1, 0.6. and sweetenity ratios of those were 1, 12, 12, 6, 3, 64, 12, 2, 12. It was very meaningful to develop preparations of stevia as stevioside, micronized powder, water extract, methanol extract and compound teas and in Hydrangea, water extract, methanol extract, single tea, and compound teas were less meaningful. 13. The genera of Hydrangea which is natural species in Korea was positive in phyllodulcin-identification test, but it was not available to make the sweet tea because of having a little content.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.46-49
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• 2009

The desmutagenic activity of the water extract of Cassia tara L on the mutagenicity induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) and N-methyl-N-nitro-N'-nitrosoguani-dine (MNNG) was studied using the SOS Chromotest with Escherichia coli PQ37. The inhibition rates of water extract of Cassia tara L. at concentration of $100{\mu}g$/assay were 27.5% and 40% against 4-NQO and MNNG. The water extract of Cassia tara L. was separated into methanol soluble and methanol insoluble parts. The methanol soluble part exhibited higher inhibition effects than the methanol insoluble part against the mutagenic activities of 4-NQO and MNNG. Step-wise fractionation of methanol soluble part was done to obtain methanol, ethyl acetate and water fractions. Among these fractions, water fraction had the strongest inhibitory effects of 23.0 and 19.0% against mutagenicities of MNNG and 4NQO, respectively. The results clearly indicated that the water fraction showed much stronger antimutagenicity against MNNG than 4NQO. The inhibition rates of aqueous fraction of methanol-soluble from water extracted Cassia tara L. at concentrations of 1.0, 10, 100 and $250{\mu}g$/assay were 8.0%, 12.0%, 25.5% and 43.0%, respectively. The water fraction showed the inhibitory effects with dose response against the mutagenic activities induced by MNNG.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.300-316
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• 1998

The various oriental herbal medicines, which have usually been used for treatment of reducing fever, purging intense heat and detoxication, were screened to determine the antibacterial activity and the minimal inhibitory concentration against antibiotics-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Among the 23 oriental medicines tested, the water-soluble extract of Coptis japonica showed very excellent antibacterial activity against antibiotics-sensitive and -resistant S. aureus. A little activity was found in the extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis, Eriobotrya japonica and Prunus mume against antibiotics-sensitive S. aureus and in that extracts of P. mume, Schizandra chinensis and S. baicalensis against antibiotics-resistant S. aureus. When C japonica was used, the high antibacterial activity was shown against Bacillus subtilis and other extracts showed a little or no antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and E. coli as a control. 2. The highest antibacterial activities against antibiotics-resistant S. aureus were found in the ethanol-soluble extract of C japonica. Other ethanol-soluble extracts of S, baicalensis, S. chinensis and P. mume showed a little activity against both antibiotics-sensitive and antibiotics-resistant S. aureus. 3. Among the medicinal herbs tested, the water- and ethanol extracts of C. japonica showed very excellent antibacterial activity against the pathogenic S. aureus and both Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis used as a control. 4. When the water-soluble extracts of C. japonica and S. baicalensis, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against antibiotics-sensitive S. aureus were $20mg/m{\ell}\;and\;30mg/m{\ell}$, respectively. The MICs of the ethanol-soluble extracts of C. japonica and P. scabriosaefolia were $7.5mg/m{\ell}\;and\;12mg/m{\ell}$, respectively. 5. For the MICs against antibiotics-resistant S. aureus, the water-soluble extracts of C. japonica and P. mume showed $15mg/m{\ell}\;and\;10mg/m{\ell}$, respectively. The MICs of the ethanol-soluble extracts of C. japonica and P. mume were $13mg/m{\ell}\;and\;20mg/m{\ell}$, respectively. As a result, the highest antibacterial activity was found in both water- and ethanol-soluble extracts of C. japonica against antibiotics-resistant S. aureus. And the water- and ethanol-soluble extracts of S. baicalensis, S. chinensis and P. mume showed comparatively high antibacterial activities against both antibiotics-sensitive and -resistant S. aureus.