• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.20 no.6 s.84
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• pp.684-694
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to estimate the microbial and physicochemical quality of some raw vegetables and suggest safer methods of sanitization and storage for foodservice operations. Three sanitization methods were utilized during pre-preparation (tap water, chlorine water and electrolyzed water). Leek and Chicory were monitored as ingredient, with different storage temperatures $(3,\;10^{\circ}C)$ and periods (1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 days). The largest reduction in the microbial counts was shown with the electrolyzed water and for the case before immersion in chlorine water, performing a first washing was more effective in reducing the microbial counts than with no washing. The results showed that the storage temperature, pH, moisture content and microbial loads were important factors affecting the quality of vegetables.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.91-98
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• 2000

The fuels of water-in-oil emulsion have a potential of reducing PM(Particulate Matter) and NOx emissions, and increassing combustion efficiency in the furnaces and the burners. For making the most of the beneficial of the secondary atomization due to the microexplosion, the water droplets distributed in the oil must have the optimal sizes. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the water droplet size distribution characteristics of the different types of the static mixers. For analysing the size distribution characteristics efficiently, image analysis system was constructed and an appropriate image processing algorithm was developed. Two kinds of static mixers: Kenics type and RF type, were tested. As a results, RF type static mixer shows a better characteristics in the mean drop sizes, particularly in the condition of high water content.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.163-177
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• 2006

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.598-603
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• 2005

Biogas produced from anaerobic digestion processes has about 60% of methane and about 40% of carbon dioxide. Raw biogas can be used in internal combustion engines either spark ignition or diesel engines. Since the gas has relatively low calorific values, engine power also is lower than rated power values. Modified engines or biogas-specific engines have been utilized in order to increase efficiency. Another option is gas cleansing for increasing its calorific values. A couple of European countries adopted this approach in using biogas for one of transportation fuels, such as $CO_2$ scrubbing with water or special solutions. This study reports the results of water scrubbing for reducing $CO_2$ concentration. In 2.5m-high PVC pipe accepting water, $CO_2$ reduction rates were investigated. When flow rate of $CO_2$ and air mixture was about 5 LPM, $CO_2$ concentration was decreased up to 70%. Higher calorific biogas through water scrubbing is expected to be applied to various commercial engines without costly modification.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.127-133
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• 2002

The objectives of this paper are to develop an advanced GAX cycle named HGAX (Hybrid Generator Absorber heat exchanger) cycle, and to study the effect of key parameters on the cycle performance and the hot-water temperature from the condenser. New types of the HGAX cycle are developed by adding a compressor between the generator and the condenser- Type C (performance improvement and reduction of the generator temperature) and Type D (Hot-water temperature application). The solution temperature in the generator outlet is reduced to 168$^{\circ}C$ with the COP improvement of 19% compared to the standard GAX cycle. The hot-water temperature from the condenser is raised to 106$^{\circ}C$ for panel heating (Ondol heating) application.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.904-911
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• 2001

The fuels of water-in-oil emulsion have a potential of reducing PM(Particulate Matter) and NOx emissions, and increasing combustion efficiency in the furnaces and the burners. For making the most of the beneficial of the secondary atomization due to the microexplosion, the water droplets distributed in the oil must have the optimal sizes. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the water droplet size distribution characteristics of the different types of the static mixers. For analysis the size distribution characteristics efficiently, image analysis system wes constructed and an appropriate image processing algorithm was developed. Two kinds of static mixers: Kenics type and RF type, were tested. As a results, RF type static mixer shows a better characteristics in the mean drop size, particularly in the condition of high water content.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.555-560
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• 2013

A cost analysis method for pretreament processes of a large scale seawater desalination plant was considered using a cost estimation model, WaTER (Water Treatment Estimation Routine). This model is based on cost functions of U.S. EPA to conduct economic analysis of water treatment facilities. A virtual seawater desalination plant which has pretreatment production capacity of $100,000m^3$ per day was chosen as a model plant. Dual media filtration and microfiltration systems were compared as pretreatment process, and the following reverse osmosis process was modeled. As a result, microfiltration showed a price competitiveness in condition of operating with reverse osmosis process by reducing the loads of water treatment and membrane cleaning despite it's high annual cost.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.247-251
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• 2008

This study investigated the antioxidant activity of methanol (MeOH) and water extracts from roots of Cirsium japonicum in vitro, MeOH extract showed a stronger tree radical scavenging activity than water extract. However, both of extracts showed a concentration dependent hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, reducing power and metal chelating ability, MeOH extract had greater phenolic and flavonoid contents than water extract. The antidiabetic activity of these two extracts was evaluated by the a-glucosidase inhibition assay, The water extract showed a considerable a-glucosidase inhibitory activity. To our knowledge, this may be the first time to report the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities in Cirsium japonicum roots.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1314-1317
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• 2011

To evaluate the effects of pulsed electric field (PEF) application on scalder and chiller water on Campylobacter contamination, four different treatments under three different water conditions including hard scalder water ($55^{\circ}C$), soft scalder water ($45^{\circ}C$) and chiller water, were applied as follows: i) a control treatment with no salt and no electric treatment, ii) a PEF only treatment, iii) a PEF treatment with 0.5% salt water, and iv) a PEF treatment with 1% salt water treatment. The use of PEF in hard scalding water showed an effect of reducing Campylobacter when compared to the control during the 200 s timeframe. With the addition of salt, the intervention caused at least 5.81 log CFU/ml reduction of Campylobacter counts after 200 s of PEF exposure. Similar effects were observed under soft scalding conditions. Campylobacter reductions were evident under chilling conditions with up to 2.00 log for PEF only, 5.77 log for PEF+0.5% salt and 2.69 log for PEF+1% salt treatment in water. Therefore, the current PEF setting for the scalder and chiller water can be successfully used to reduce pathogenic loads of Campylobacter on broiler chicken carcasses, and further research may be necessary to apply it in the poultry processing industry.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2004

In general, an absorption chiller or heat pump is operated under the constant cooling water flow rate condition even though the system works with a partial load. The objective of this paper is to study the effect of the cooling water flow rates and the temperature of cooling water on the system performance to find the energy saving methode for the partial load operation of the double effect $H_2O$/LiBr absorption chiller. It is found that the performance of the system is sensitive to the temperature of cooling water than the cooling water flow rate, so the decrease of the performance due to reducing the cooling water flow rate can be overcome with the reduction of the cooling water temperature by 1$^{\circ}C$. The flow rate of the cooling water flow rate ranges from 50％ to 100％ of the flow rate at normal conditions with a partial load. It is also found that the operation cost of the cooling water pump and the cooling tower can be reduced by 23％.