• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.50-59
• /
• 2013

Black jujube was made by aging dried jujube and its physiochemical characteristics, antioxidant activities and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities were evaluated. The moisture and sugar contents were increased depending on the period of aging times and the pH was reduced thereby increasing acidity. The color of black jujube extract was changed from red to black resulting in decreases of Hunter color values L, a and b. As the aging progressed, sucrose was decomposed by increasing glucose and fructose, indicating higher contents of the total reducing sugars. Among the six different types of organic acids extracted from dried jujube, the levels of oxalic acid and citric acid were increased as the aging progressed. The total polyphenol contents in ethanol and water extracts of dried jujube were 7.74 and 8.12 mg/g, respectively. The water extract of black jujube aged for 48 hr contained the highest polyphenol contents at 16.82 mg/g. The 5'-hydroxymethylfurfural (5'-HMF) contents of black jujube extract significantly increased by longer aging times, and contained higher contents in the ethanol extract than water extract. The ethanol extract of black jujube showed the highest 5'-HMF content with 338.89 mg% after aging for 3 days. Also, $IC_{50}$ values of black jujube aged for 72 hr evaluated by DPPH and ABTS radical assays were 0.54 and 0.59 mg/mL, respectively. ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase inhibitory activities of black jujube at the concentration of 3.33 mg/mL (ethanol extract) increased from 65 to 80 % after aging for 72 hr.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.188-194
• /
• 1986

에탄올-물 혼합용매내에서 p-클로로 염화벤질의 가용매분해반응에 대한 속도상수를 압력 1~1,600bar, 온도를 30${\circ}$, 40${\circ}$C 에서 측정하였다. 반응속도들은 온도와 압력이 증가함에 따라 증가하고, 에탄올 몰 분율이 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. ln k대 압력의 플로트는 압력에 따라 이차함수꼴로 변함을 알았고, 이 플로트로부터 ${\Delta}V^{\neq}$와 ${\Delta}{\beta}^{\neq}$의 값을 얻었다. 그 결과 ${\Delta}V^{\neq}$와 ${\Delta}{\beta}^{\neq}$의 값은 약 0.20몰 분율에서 Extremum behavior가 나타남을 알았다. 이 현상을 용매구조 변화로 논의하였다. ln k대 용매파라미터, q 및 ln $C_w$의 플로트사이의 관계로부터 본 연구의 반응은 $S_N1(2)$메카니즘으로 진행됨을 추정할 수 있었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.281-291
• /
• 2006

This study investigated the effect of the powder of the small water dropwort(PSWD) and brewer's yeast(BY) on the liver function and serum lipid metabolism in alcohol-consuming rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an AIN-93 diet(control), ethanol plus control(A), ethanol plus PSWD(AS), ethanol plus BY(AB), ethanol plus PSWD and BY(ABS) diet for seven weeks. The feed intake, body weight gain and feed efficiency ratio were the lowest and in the alcohol-consuming groups. The weight of the liver, kidney, spleen and epididymis of the anatomized rats showed positive correlation with the body weight gain. Compared with group A, the content of the lipid in the serum was significantly low in the AS and AB groups. In particular, it was the most effective in the AB group. The GOT, GPT and ALP level in the serum showed a significant difference in the alcohol-consuming groups. Compared with the A group, they showed a significantly low difference in the AS and AB groups. The total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the liver were similar in all groups. The weight of the feces was significantly different but there was no significant difference in the content of total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the AS and AB groups. These results suggest that BY and PSWD improve the liver function, and had an effect on reducing the lipid content of the serum and feces of alcohol-consumed rats. In particular, the effect of BY which contained protein, dietary fiber and vitamin B was higher than that of PSWD.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.200-204
• /
• 1991

31종의 식물에서 필요 부위를 선정하여 75% 에탄올이나 물로 추출하여 얻은 추출물로서, 일반적으로 식품의 부패 혹은 변질에 관여한다고 알려진 Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus cereus 등 5종의 세균과 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 등 1종의 효모를 대상으로 항균성을 시험하였다. 실험대상 6종의 모든 미생물에 대하여 항균성을 나타낸 것은 황백의 에탄올 추출물이었으며 산초, 참깨묵, 지치, 졸참나무는 효모를 제외한 5종에 대하여 댓잎, 오동나무, 리기다는 B. subtilis 및 S. cerevisiae 혹은 L. mesenteroides 및 S. cerevisiae 또는 L. mesenteroides 및 P. fluorescens, B. cereus를 각각 제외한 4종에 대하여 항균성을 나타냈고, 균종에 따라 약간의 차이는 있었지만 황백이 가장 높은 항균성을 보였다. B subtilis, L. plantarum 및 L. mesenteroides에는 황백이, P. fluorescens에는 황백과 오배자가 disc diffusion method에서 가장 높은 항균성을 보였다. 에탄올 추출물과 물 추출물을 비교한 결과 거의 대부분 에탄올 추출물의 항균성이 높았으나, 균종에 따라서는 일부 물 추출물에서 항균성을 따로 보이거나 더 높은 경향이 있기도 하였다. 이상과 같이 천연물 중에도 상당한 항균성물질이 존재한다는 것이 확인되었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.328-334
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Maca water and/or ethanol extract on the nitric oxide (NO) production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells HUVAC and on erectile dysfunction in rats. Maca was extracted due to both solutions, which are water and ethanol. Each Maca extract was applied to HUVAC, and NO production was checked. Additionally, three different dosages (250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg) of Maca ethanol extract was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats for 4 weeks. All rats were sacrificed and each sample was collected for analysis. The control rats received only the saline vehicle. The NO production of HUVAC was significantly increased by domestic and homemade Maca water extracted at $60^{\circ}C$ group. Both NO generation and testosterone release were not influenced due to the oral administration of Maca. In the EtOH group rats, the number of sperm was reduced compared to that of the control group. All Maca groups had a high number of sperm and each sperm count had increased as a result of the Maca extract dose. The results of this research suggest that Maca has a positive effect on male erectile dysfunction, which need to be examined further in future studies.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.369-374
• /
• 2002

오미자 추출물에 감마선을 조사하여 tyrosinase 저해, xanthine oxidase 저해 및 아질산염 소거능에 대하여 검토하였다. 오미자 추출물은 열수, ethanol, methanol 그리고 acetone등을 이용하여 추출하였으며, 감마선은 10, 20과 30 kGy로 조사하였다. 오미자 추출물은 모두 tyrosinase 저해 효과를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 감마선 조사 후 오미자 추출물에 대한 tyrosinase는 열수 추출물보다 용매 추출물이 저해 효과가 높게 나타내었다. Xanthine oxidase 저해 효과실험 결과, 오미자 추출물은 열수 및 용매 추출물 모두 저해력을 나타내었으며, 감마선 조사는 xanthine oxidase 저해력에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 아질산염 소거능은 pH 1.2, 3.0 그리고 6.0으로 측정하였다. 오미자 추출물은 pH 1.2와 3.0 에서 높은 소거력을 나타내었고, 열수 추출물은 methanol, ethanol 그리고 acetone 추출물보다 아질산염 소거능이 훨씬 높게 나타내었다. 감마선을 30 kGy까지 조사하였을 때, 오미자 추출물의 생리 활성에는 크게 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제48권2호
• /
• pp.129-137
• /
• 2020

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the Ultrasonication-Assisted (UA) extraction on the functionality of the herbaceous biennial plant maca (Lepidium meyenii). The specific objectives include comparison of the antioxidant activities among various maca extracts, determination of the macamide B content of the extracts, and in vitro evaluation of maca on cell viability and creatine kinase (CK) activity. The antioxidant activities of the water, ethanol, and UA extracts were compared by determining the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of the extracts. The macamide B content of maca extracts were analyzed by HPLC. The effects of the extracts on muscle cell viability and creatine kinase activity were also determined using C2C12 myoblasts. UA extraction significantly increased the total phenolic content (2.90 GAE ㎍/mg, p < 0.05), without affecting the flavonoid content. DPPH radical scavenging activity did not exhibit any statistical difference among the extracts. The ethanol and UA extracts exhibited significantly higher FRAP than the water extract (p < 0.05). The macamide B content of ethanol and UA extracts were 0.087 and 0.083 ㎍/mg, respectively. The water and UA extracts exhibited higher C2C12 muscle cell viability than the ethanol extract, and both extracts resulted in a significantly lower CK level than the H₂O₂-treated control group. This research suggests that the maca extract can protect muscle cells and serve as an antifatigue agent under oxidative stress conditions.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제41권6호
• /
• pp.1060-1077
• /
• 2021

Food additives are required to maintain the freshness and quality of foods, particularly meats. However, chemical additives may not be preferred by consumers, and natural materials with antimicrobial and antioxidant effects may be used as replacements for common chemical additives. Accordingly, in this study, we compared the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of natural compounds extracted with ethanol and hot water, and emulsion sausage prepared with natural ethanol extracts was analyzed for pH, color, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and Clostridium perfringens growth during storage. The antimicrobial activities of 49 natural extract candidates against Listeria monocytogenes, C. perfringens, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli were analyzed, and six natural materials with excellent antibacterial activities, i.e., Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. f. nakaiana (Araki) H. Ohba, Punica granatum L., Ecklonia cava, Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner, and Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., and Rubus coreanus Miq. were evaluated to determine their total polyphenol contents and DPPH radical scavenging activities. The total polyphenol contents of ethanol extracts were higher than those of hot water extracts, whereas DPPH radical scavenging activity was found to be higher in hot water extracts. The TBARS values of emulsion sausages were significantly increased as storage time increased, and the TBARS values of emulsion sausages prepared with natural extracts were lower than those of control sausages. Natural extract-treated emulsion sausages showed a 99% reduction in bacterial contents compared with untreated sausages on day 2, with greater than 99.9% reduction after day 3. Thus, these results demonstrated that natural extracts could have applications as natural preservatives in meat products.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제54권5호
• /
• pp.742-750
• /
• 2021

Ixeris repens is a type of halophyte that grows in high salinity sands found in coastal sand dunes and sandy shores. This study was conducted to investigate the contents, antioxidant potency, and physiological activities of I. repens. In analyses of general composition, carbohydrate, protein, ash, and moisture content were 57.42%, 10.48%, 11.99% and 10.29%, respectively. Potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium were its most prevalent minerals. The solvents used to extract I. repens were 70% ethanol, 80% methanol, and distilled water. Among the resultant extracts, ethanol and methanol extracts displayed higher total polyphenol and flavonoid contents than the water extract. ABTS (IC50, 0.12 mg/mL) and FRAP (0.77 mM) radical scavenging activity were highest in the water extract, while methanol extract exhibited the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50, 1.32 mg/mL), NO scavenging activity (IC50, 4.10 mg/mL), and reducing power (EC50, 0.14 mg/mL). Tyrosinase, elastase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were highest in the ethanol extract. The ethanol extract also possessed the most potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. These results indicate that I. repens may be useful as an antioxidant, and a functional substance in food and pharmaceutical materials.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.219-225
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 울금의 품종별 생리활성을 확인하기 위하여 우리나라에서 재배되고 있는 울금, 강황 및 보라울금의 근경을 실험재료로 하여 total polyphenol 함량, 항균활성, 항균물질의 열안정성 및 pH안정성과 항산화활성을 측정하였다. 울금 품종별 total polyphenol 함량은 울금과 강황에서 보라울금에 비하여 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 울금의 추출 용매에 따른 항균활성은 ethanol 추출물이 15.4~16.3 mm로 가장 강한 항균활성을 나타내었으며 ethylacetate, ether, hexane 순으로 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 품종별로는 울금 ethanol 추출물의 항균활성이 다른 품종에 비하여 높게 나타났으나 E coli와 젖산균 2종, 효모 2종에서는 항균활성이 나타나지 않았다. 울금 ethanol 추출물은 열 및 pH변화에 안정함을 확인하였다. 추출물별 울금의 전자공여능은 ethanol 추출물에서 74.2%로 높은 항산화성을 보였고 ethyl acetate, ether, water, hexane 추출물 순으로 나타났다. 품종별 울금의 전자공여능을 ethanol 추출물에서 비교했을 때 울금 74.2%, 강황 43.98%, 보라울금 43.05%로 나타나 울금에서 강한 항산화성을 보였다. 대조구로 사용한 vitamin C와 BHA는 각각 95%와 96.1%의 높은 전자공여능을 나타내었다. 울금 품종별 항산화성은 울금이 강황과 보라울금에 비하여 월등히 높음을 확인하였다.