• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.267-276
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• 1990

To achieve a better understanding of antioxidant action manifested by malotilate, the dithiol malonates, we monitored the oxy radical-scavenging system against the chronic hepatic damage induced by $CCl_4$ alone or in combination with ethanol. Malotilate was given orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day and $CCl_4$ 1.5 ml/kg was injected subcutaneously twice a week for 4 weeks. In each group receiving ethanol, drinking water was replaced by 20% aqueous solution or glucose, isocaloric amounts of ethanol, as a control of ethanol was diluted in its drinking water. Each rat was killed as a starved state at 18 hours after the period of the experiment, four weeks. The results were summarized as follows: 1) Malotilate inhibited the rate of generation of superoxide radicals, the accumulation of lipoperoxides, and promoted the synthesis of glutathione in the liver. 2) Malotilate stimulated the enhancement of activity of superoxide dismutase in hepatic mitochondria. 3) Malotilate had no effects on the hepatic $H_2O_2$ contents. 4) Malotilate showed the increase of catalase activity in the liver poisoned with $CCl_4$, and also gave a tendency to increase it in the liver intoxicated with ethanol. Thus, our data suggested that the activation of hepatic antioxidant system in the presence of malotilate would play a role in protecting liver against the toxic effects of oxy radical and/or lipid peroxides under the hepatotoxic conditions induced by $CCl_4$ with or without ethanol. However, the effects of malotilate against the ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity appear to be insignificant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.711-715
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• 2004

The stability of 80% ethanol-soluble pigments from Monasus purpureus CBS 281.34 was investigated according to storage temperature, pH and addition of organic acid. Also, the stability of ethanol-soluble pigment in aqueous system was examined after the addition of distilled water in the range of 0∼80% during the storage at 1$0^{\circ}C$ and 2$0^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks with water soluble pigment. The heat stability was the highest (9.74%) when the 80% ethanol-soluble pigments were stored at 1$0^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks. However, the 80% ethanol-soluble pigments stored at 6$0^{\circ}C$ and 8$0^{\circ}C$ for 24 h and 12 h greatly decreased by 23.06% and 30.36%, respectively. Although the 80% ethanol-soluble pigments were stable in the range of pH 4∼8, the degradation rate of pigment increased at pH 2 and PH 10.80% ethanol extract was adjusted to PH 4 by adding organic acids. The rate of pigment degradation was not different from control for 4 weeks. Red pigment was stable in the treatment of organic acids. And the stability of ethanol-soluble pigment in aqueous system was gradually decreased as the pigment content and storage time increased. Additionally, the stability of ethanol-soluble pigment was higher at 1$0^{\circ}C$ than at 2$0^{\circ}C$.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.3 no.1_2
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• pp.21-31
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• 1988

The effect of capsaicin on the toxicity of ethanol in mice were studied. Capsaicin was administered i.p. every other day for 4 weeks and 5% ethanol was provided ad libitum by tap water for 4 weeks. The administration of capsaicin 3.0 mg/kg showed the increase of body weight gain, ratio of liver wt./body wt., s-GPT. s-triglyceride and s-cholesterol, and showed the decrease of BUN as compared to control group. Capsaicin administered 3.0 mg/kg showed severe moth eaten appearance. eosinophilic necrosis and cholangitis in mouse liver The administration of 5% ethanol showed the decrease of body weight gain, ratios of liver, kidney and spleen wt./body wt., s-tryglyceride and s-cholestrol. Ethanol administered 5% solution showed little fatty change, moth eaten appearance, Kupffer cell proliferation, spotty necrosis and nuclear regeneration. The administration of capsaicin and ethanol together decreased the influence of ethanol on body weight gain, ratios of liver, kidney and spleen wt./body wt., s-triglyceride and s-cholesterol, and showed the less severe moth eaten appearance, eosinophilic necrosis and cholangitis. It might be concluded that the administration of capsaicin and ethanol together decreased the toxicity caused by capsaicin or ethanol respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.683-689
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• 1994

With a view to utilizing effectively fish skin wastes from marine manufactory, a gelatin solution extracted from yellowfin sole skin was fractionated by precipitation with ethanol, and then the functional and physico-chemical properties for the fractionated gelatin were determined. Ethanol was added up to 50% of ethanol content to a gelatin solution extracted from yellowfin sole skin, then the mixture was left to stand at $0^{\circ}C$ for 12 hours. Finally, the precipitates were dried by hot-air ($40^{\circ}C$). The gel strength and melting point of a 10% gel of gelatin prepared from yellowfin sole skin by precipitation with ethanol has 322.4g and $23.3^{\circ}C$, respectively. The physico-chemical properties of the ethanol treated fish skin gelatin were superior to those of fish skin gelatin prepared without ethanol treatment. Besides, the functional properties of the ethanol treated gelatin were lower in solubility and higher in water holding capacity, oil binding capacity, emulsifying activity, emulsifying stability, foam expansion and foam stability than those of pork skin gelatin sold on market as well as gelatin prepared without ethanol treatment. It may be concluded, from these results, that the fish skin gelatin prepared by precipitation with ethanol can be effectively utilized as a human food by improving the functional properties.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2005

The present investigation was undertaken in vivo to determine whether the functional alterations of hepatic mitochondria induced by ethanol might be prevented by taurine. We examined the effects of supplementation of taurine on hepatic mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the chronic ethanol-administered rats. Isolated hepatic mitochondria from three groups of rats were functionally tested by an analysis of $\beta-hydroxbutyrate-supported$ respiration and the coupling of this process to ATP synthesis in the presence of ADP. The three groups were control group(CO), ethanol(60g/L) administered group (AL), and ethanol (60g/L) + taurine (5g/L) supplemented group (AT). Ethanol and/or taurine were given in drinking water for 10 weeks. The mitochondria from AL group had lower state 4 respiratory rate, respiratory control (RC) ratio and ADP : O(P/O) ratio than those from CO and AT group. It showed that the ethanol administered rats were less coupled and thus less efficient with respect to mitochondrial ATP synthesis than both control rats and ethanol + taurine supplemented rats. It suggests that taurine supplementation might improve the impaired oxidative phosphorylation efficiency in mitochondrial dysfunction that is recognized as a cause of liver diseases in chronic ethanol consumption.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.356-361
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• 2004

When SiHa cells were incubated for varying periods of time with extracts of PFF and PFM, the cytotoxicity of the ethanol extracts of PFF was higher than those of the other extracts. These results indicated that the extracts from fruiting bodies of p. ferulae contain antitumor Substances. When A549, SiHa and HeLa cells were incubated with different concentrations of PFF and PFM extracts, the ethanol extracts of PFF showed strong cytotoxicity against A549 tells at concentrations over $10{\mu}g/mL$ and against SiHa and HeLa cells at concentrations over $40{\mu}g/mL$. However, the differences in the cytotoxic effects of the hot water and ethanol extracts of PFM and the hot water extracts of PFF on all 3 cancer cells were not significant. Also, the PFF ethanol extracts induced synergistic effects on the TRAIL-induced apoptosis in A549 cells, which were strongly resistant to TRAIL. These results indicated that ethanol extracts of PFF were the most prominent antitumor agents toward lung cancer cells (A549).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.415-420
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• 2001

Eighteen kinds of medicinal edible herbs, which are nontoxic and has been widely used in traditional folk medicine, were extracted and antimicrobial activity of the extracts was investigated against various foodborne pathogens or food poisoning microorganisms. Among them, the ethanol extract of Quercus mongolica showed the strongest antimicrobial activities against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and followed by Quercus aliena and Quercus dentata, respectively. Thus, further study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial activity of Quercus species extracts. The plants were extracted with ethanol, methanol and water, respectively. The ethanol, methanol, and water extracts of Quercus mongolica leaf showed 10~21 mm inhibition zone against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria at two thousand $\mu\textrm{g}$ per disc, but little antimicrobial activity was observed against fungi and yeast. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the ethanol extract of Quercus mongolica leaf was 250$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL against Bacillus cereus. Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 62.5~125 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes, respectively.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.40-53
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• 1979

In order to investigate the optimal conditions which affects to extraction of ginseng extract and saponin in ginseng extract, experiment was carried out varing with ethanol percentage, extraction time, temperature, sol$.$vent and Plant Parts. The results art as follows: 1. The amounts of ginseng saponin was increased according to increanation of ethanol Percentage while the amounts of ginseng extract was decreased. 2. The amounts of ginseng extract was increased as the prolongation of extraction time, on the ether hand, ginseng saponin contents increased lentil 40hr. and decreased after that. 3. By the raise of extract temperature, both of the amounts of ginseng saponin and ginseng extract was increased two times and four times. respectively. 4. The total amounts ginseng extract was obtained 22.86u when the water used as the extraction solvent, 11.28% on ethanol and 11.04U on methanol, in the order. and the saponin contents gained when the extraction solvents of water, methanol and ethanol 7.47%, 12.36% and 12.77%, respectively. 5. It showed 9.23% of ginseng extract in epidermis and 8.4% of ginseng saponin in tail Part of raw ginseng and in the case of dried ginseng, ginseng extract and saponin showed the most amounts in epidermis of 18.28% and 19.35%, respectively. 6. The ratio of panaxadiol and panaxatriol contents of ginseng saponin was almost same when it was extracted varing with ethanol percentage and extraction time (duration), and the more alcohol percentage and the longer extraction time increased, the more fractional content of ginseng saponin was extracted.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.943-947
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extraction method of phenolic compounds from Rubus coreanum and antioxidative activity. antioxidative activities of Rubus coreanum were tested with ability of donating hydrogen to DPPH, and HPLC, fluorometry which measure the amount of MDA after reacting linoleic acid with $H_2O$$_2$, and LDL with $H_2O$$_2$ and FeCl$_2$. The most suitable extraction conditions of the phenolic compounds from Rubus coreanum was 3 times with 60% ethanol, and the yield of extract containing 35% moisture was 15.28%. In extraction efficacy of phenolic compounds, 60% ethanol was superior to water as extraction solvent, and extraction efficacy with 60% ethanol did not differ from disolving by water after evaporation of 60% ethanol extract. 60% ethanol extract of Rubus coreanum had an ability of hydrogen donating to DPPH, MDA determination showed the antioxidative effect with inhibition ratio of 77.91% on linoleic acid oxidation by addition of Rubus coreanum extract with the concentration of 1.500 ppm. and about 65.74% of LDL oxidation was inhibited by addition of 1,000 ppm.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 2021

This study was conducted in order to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Solanum nigrum L. fruit powder after undergoing different extraction solvent processes. The total phenolic content of Solanum nigrum L. fruit powder measured a 14.66 GAE mg/g after undergoing ethanol extraction, and the total flavonoid content measured at 201.23 mg CE/g when undergoing ethanol extraction. The ABTS radical scavenging activity was 160.38~209.53 TEAC umol/g, and the DPPH radical scavenging activity was 53.99~90.76 TEAC umol/g, which indicated a higher level of antioxidant power in the ethanol extract as opposed to in the water extract. The FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) of Solanum nigrum L. fruit powder was 115.58~194.58 TEAC umol/g, and B. subtilis KCTC 2189 showed greater antimicrobial activity in the ethanol extract (concentration 200 ug/uL) as opposed to the water extract. Solanum nigrum L. fruit powder revealed differences in antioxidant and antimicrobial activity between the different extraction solvents. In particular, ethanol extract had higher antioxidant and antibacterial activity, meaning it is more favorable for usage as a functional food material.