• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.338-352
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• 2022

Herein, water and ethanol extracts were obtained from the leaves, branches, kernels, and pericarp of Quercus gilva and subsequently analyzed for antioxidant activity and circadian rhythm regulation effects. Candidate components that may affect circadian rhythm and antioxidant activity were investigated to discover potential functional materials. Antioxidant activity was analyzed via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity assays, showing that the hot water extract exhibited higher activity than that of the ethanol extract. In particular, the branch extract showed high antioxidant activity. By measuring total contents of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins, the hot water branch extract showed the highest concentrations, highlighting their significant contribution to the antioxidant activity. Examination of the circadian rhythm regulation of each extract showed that the ethanol extract exhibited greater impacts on the circadian rhythm amplitude compared to the water extract. The branch ethanol extract induced circadian rhythm amplitude changes via clock gene Bmal1 expression regulation. Determination of 12 phenolic compound concentrations showed that the branch ethanol extract contained many phenolic compounds, including catechin. This suggests that these com- pounds affected circadian rhythm regulation. In conclusion, the hot water branch extract has potential as an natural antioxidant material, while the corresponding ethanol extract has potential as a functional material for regulating circadian rhythm.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.31-38
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• 2020

Objectives : Jakyakgamcho-tang has been used as analgesic and spasmolytic for muscle pain. It has reported to anti-diabetes, anti-inflammation, and neuro-protective effects. A clinical study of muscle fatigue and pain improvement effect of Jakyakgamcho-tang has been reported with increasing frequency of clinical use. However, the anti-fatigue effect of Jakyakgamcho-tang in animal model has not been studied. In this study, we compared anti-physical fatigue effects of water and 30% ethanol extract of Jakyakgamcho-tang. Methods : The amounts of components contained in water and 30% ethanol extract of Jakyakgamcho-tang were compared by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Anti-physical fatigue effects were evaluated using weight-loaded forced swimming test. We also investigated the effects of Jakyakgamcho-tang on the change of fatigue parameters by blood biochemical analysis. Results : The relative amount of components of Jakyakgamcho-tang were about 19-53% higher in the 30% ethanol extract than in the water extract. In the swimming test, 30% ethanol extract showed a significantly greater anti-fatigue effects than conventional water extract of Jakyakgamcho-tang. The 30% ethanol extract of Jakyakgamcho-tang improved the exhausted swimming time (54%), and serum lactate dehydrogenase (48%) and lactic acid (60%) levels compared with water extract of Jakyakgamcho-tang. Conclusions : These results showed that differences in the amounts of components by different extraction were associated with differences of anti-fatigue effect of Jakyakgamcho-tang. Thus, the 30% ethanol extraction method could be applied to dose-reducing formulations of traditional herbal medicines.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.449-453
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• 2004

Effect of pre-treatment with hot water extract of marine brown alga Sargassum polycystum C.Ag. (100 mg/kg body wt, orally for period of 15 days) on HCI-ethanol (150 mM of HCI-etha-not mixture containing 0.15 N HCI in $70\%$ v/v ethanol given orally) induced gastric mucosal injury in rats was examined with respect to lipid peroxides, antioxidant enzyme status, acid/pepsin and glycoproteins in the gastric mucosa. The levels of lipid peroxides of gastric mucosa and volume, acidity of the gastric juice were increased with decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes and glycoproteins were observed in HCI-ethanol induced rats. The rats pre-treated with seaweed extract prior to HCI-ethanol induction reversed the depleted levels of antioxidant enzymes and reduced the elevated levels of lipid peroxides when compared with HCI-ethanol induced rats. The levels of glycoproteins and alterations in the gastric juice were also maintained at near normal levels in rats pre-treated with seaweed extract. The rats given seaweed extract alone did not show any toxicity, which was confirmed by histopathological studies. These results suggest that the seaweed extract contains some anti-ulcer agents, which may maintain the volume/acidity of gastric juice and improve the gastric mucosa antioxidant defense system against HCI-ethanol induced gastric mucosal injury in rats.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.1305-1311
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• 2008

This study investigated that the antidiabetic effects of banaba extracts with variety solvents selectivity in vitro and in vivo. Banaba extracts were prepared with water, 70% ethanol, 90% ethanol, 100% ethanol and water-ethanol that of extract twice times sequentially water and ethanol. Cell toxicity and insulin secretion of banaba extracts was tested by MTT (3-[4,5-dimetylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay on hamster insulinoma cell line, HIT-T15. Also we tested that insulin, body weight, blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acid in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Water-ethanol extract has remarkable antidiabetic effect compare with the other banaba extracts. For water-ethanol extract has both of hydrophilic and hydrophobic antidiabetic materials from banaba. Expecially, corosolic acid, as known as unique polyphenol, has antidiabetic effect studied by many researchers till nowadays. But corosolic acid does not solve in water. Otherwise, we suggest that banaba extract of hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials (polyphenol and antioxidants) mixture more increased antidiabetic effects.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.114-124
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• 2006

The objective of this research was to evaluate the ability of water and 80% ethanol extracts from one hundred eight mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) to influence the inhibitory activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and xanthine oxidase (XOase). The total phenol contents were that water extracts of ten species (Kakjayongsan (Morus alba L.), Daejungsun (Morus alba L.) etc.) and 80% ethanol extracts of twenty three species (Waryoung (Morus alba L.), Hasusang (Morus alba L.) etc.) showed more than 15 mg/g. The inhibitory activity on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) were that ten species (YamanakkadakKaskke (Morus alba L.), Mijiro (Morus alba L.) etc.) showed 100% inhibition rate both of water extracts and 80% ethanol extracts. The rest, water extracts of thirty four species (Cheongilppong (Morus alba L.) etc.) and 80% ethanol extracts of thirty four species (Wonjukojo (Morus alba L.) etc.) showed inhibitory activity (above 90%) on ACE. Also, to search of xanthine oxidase (XOase) inhibition were that water extracts of five species (Cheongsipjosaeng (Morus alba L.), Suwon 3 (Morus alba L.) etc.) and 80% ethanol extracts of Jeokmok (Morus alba L.) showed inhibitory activity (above 50%) on XOase. This result revealed, strong biological activity in spite of has a little total phenol contents. These water and 80% ethanol extracts from mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) are expected good candidate for development into anti-hypertentive and anti-gout sources.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.493-501
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• 2005

Effect of solvents on physical characteristics and release characteristics of monolithic acetaminophen (APAP) hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) matrix granules and tablets were examined. Various types and amounts of solvents were employed for granulation and coating. APAP and other excipients were mixed and were then wet-granulated in a high-speed mixer. The dried granules were then directly compressed and film-coated with low viscosity grade HPMC. As the amount of water increased, the size of granules also increased, showing more spherical and regular shape. However, manufacturing problems such as capping and lamination in tableting occurred when water was used alone as a granulating solvent. The physical properties of HPMC matrix granules were not affected by the batch size. The initial release rate as well as the amount of APAP dissolved had a tendency to decrease as the water level increased. Addition of nonaqueous solvent like ethanol to water resulted in good physical properties of granules. When compared to water/ethanol as a coating solvent, the release rate of film-coated HPMC matrix tablets was more sensitive to the conditions of coating and drying in methylene chloride/ethanol. Most of all, monolithic HPMC matrix tablet when granulated in ethanol/water showed dual release with about $50\%$ drug release immediately within few minutes followed by extended release. It was evident that the type and amount of solvents (mainly water and ethanol) were very important for wet granulation and film-coating of monolithic HPMC matrix tablet, because the plastic deforming and fragmenting properties of material were changed by the different strengths of the different solvents.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.334-343
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• 2007

The water extracts and 80% ethanol extracts from mulberry leaves of 108 kinds were tested their antimicrobial activities against Helicobacter pylori and antioxidant effects. The ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiaznoline-6-sulfornic acid)] radical decolorization, electron donating ability (EDA), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and antioxidant protection factor (PF) were determined for water extracts and 80% ethanol extracts from mulberry leaves. In the electron donating activity, the 13 kinds of water extracts showed high inhibition (>80%), whereas the 59 kinds of 80% ethanol extracts showed high inhibition. The inhibitory activities of water extracts from all kinds of mulberry leaves were higher than 90% in ABTS [2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiaznoline-6-sulfornic acid)] radical decolorization. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and antioxidant protection factor (PF) of the 80% ethanol extracts were higher than that of water extracts. Antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori showed high value in 80% ethanol extracts of 15 kinds mulberry leaves. The results implied that the mulberry leaves can be useful for natural antimicrobial medicine.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to provide evidence for discovering functional materials through the anti-inflammatory efficacy screening of randomly selected medicinal herbs. We prepared 70% ethanol extracts from 10 herbs and evaluated for the inhibitory effect of NO production on LPS-stimulated mouse macrophage cell line Raw 264.7. As a result, it was confirmed that the Chrysanthemi Zawadskii Herba (CZ) extract had the highest effect of inhibiting NO production induced by LPS. We therefore measured and compared NO inhibitory effects at different concentrations (10, 50, 250 ㎍/mL) of 70% ethanol and water extract of CZ. It was observed that both ethanol and water treatment groups inhibited NO production in a concentration-dependent manner in both ethanol and water treatment groups. In particular, it was confirmed that the CZ 70% ethanol extract (99.97%) had a higher NO inhibitory effect than the water extract (93.32%) in the high concentration (250 ㎍/mL) treatment group. There was no effect of CZ extract on cell viability at all concentrations used in the experiment. Moreover, it was shown that CZ ethanol extract remarkably inhibited the expression of VCAM-1 induced by TNF-𝛼, and it was slightly decreased even by treatment with water extract. This study suggests that Chrysanthemi Zawadskii Herba has potential as a functional substance that regulates vascular inflammation.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.388-393
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• 2004

The physiological activity of 5 kinds of medicinal plant extracts were examined. Total polyphenol contents showed the highest value in 50 $\%$ ethanol extracts. Electron donating ability showed the highest value in 50 $\%$ ethanol extracts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. SOD-like activity showed the highest activity in 50$\%$ ethanol extracts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Medicinal plant extracts showed the different nitrite scavenging abilities under the different pH conditions. Medicinal plant extracts showed the highest value in nitrite scavenging ability at pH 1.2. The maximum nitrite scavenging effect was found at pH 1.2 and decreased as pH increased. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity showed the highest value in 50 $\%$ ethanol extracts of dried garlic.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.57-63
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• 2015

In this study, the antioxidant activity of water and ethanol extracts from Hibiscus esculentus, Cirsium japonicum, Zizania latifolia and Kalopanax pictus for functional food source were examined. The optimal conditions for phenolic compounds extraction from medicinal plants were at 50% ethanol with Hibiscus esculentus and Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense, at 40% ethanol with Kalopanax pictus and at 60% ethanol with Zizania latifolia. The total phenolic contents from the extracts of medical plants were determined to be 2.72~34.15 mg/g in the water extracts and 2.83~34.23 mg/g in the ethanol extracts. The electron-donating abilities (EDA) of the water and ethanol extracts were both above 74% at the low concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$. The ABTS radical-cation decolorization was above 88% at $100{\mu}g/mL$ concentration in all the extracts of various medicinal plants. The antioxidant protection factor (PF) in the water and ethanol extracts of the Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense extracts was $1.73{\pm}0.02PF$ and $1.76{\pm}0.01PF$ at $50{\mu}g/mL$ concentration respectively, and was higher than those of the other medicinal-plant extracts. The TBARs inhibition rates of all the medicinal-plant extracts, were above 80% at the $50{\mu}g/mL$ concentration except Hibiscus esculentus. These results confirmed that the various oriental medicinal plants (Hibiscus esculentus, Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense, Kalopanax pictus and Zizania latifolia) that were included in this study are useful anti-oxidant and functional-food resources.