• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.403-409
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• 1989

Dietary fiber(DF) content and their properties were analyzed in some common vegetables such as Squash(leaf), Water cress, Garland chrysanthemum, Leek and sweet potato(stem). DF was analyzed by the method of detergent fractionation. Values for neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF), lignin, hemicellulose were obtained. NDF for most samples was $13.83%{\sim}24.31%$, ADF was $11.99%{\sim}21.03%$, lignin was around $0.56%{\sim}3.00%$, hemicellulose was about $1.33%{\sim}3.88%$, cellulose was $9.08%{\sim}14.87%$ except sweet potato(leaf) (20.47%). This paper describes two properties of the fiber-of commonly eaten vegetables ; water-holding capacity(WHC) and metal binding. The capacity of the acetone dried powder (ADP) to hold water was estimated. The WHC measurements differed from 7.49 per 9 of ADP for Water cress to 11.09 per 9 of ADP for Leek. The binding of Fe, Zn in NDF. ADF obtained from five fiber sources was examined under two pH conditions ; 1) pH2.1, 2) pH6.1. Fe, Zn binding increased with higher pH and differed from DF sources.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.537-540
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• 2006

Over the past few decades, a considerable number of studies on the durability of concrete have been carried out extensively. A lot of improvements have been achieved especially in modeling of ionic flows. However, the majority of these researches have not dealt with the chloride binding isotherm based on the mechanism, although chloride binding capacity can significantly impact on the total service life of concrete under marine environment. The purpose of this study is to develop the model of chloride binding isotherm based on the individual mechanism. It is well known that chlorides ions in concrete can be present; free chlorides dissolved in the pore solution, chemical bound chlorides reacted with the hydration compounds of cement, and physical bound attracted to the surface of C-S-H grains. First, sub-model for water soluble chloride content is suggested as a function of pore solution and degree of saturation. Second, chemical model is suggested separately to estimate the response of binding capacity due to C-S-H and Friedel's salt. Finally, physical bound chloride content is estimated to consider a surface area of C-S-H nano-grains and the distance limited by the Van der Waals force. The new model of chloride binding isotherm suggested in this study is based on their intrinsic binding mechanisms and hydration reaction of concrete. Accordingly, it is possible to characterize chloride binding isotherm at the arbitrary stage of hydration time and arbitrary location from the surface of concrete. Comparative study with experimental data of published literature is accomplished to validity this model.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2012

Despite the importance of chloride binding, it is very difficult to measure the binding capacity, in particular, for the concrete body in an existing structure: in fact, the measurement procedure for chloride binding is much influenced by the environmental condition such as temperature, fineness of sample and pore water extraction techniques. The present study concerns the quantification of the binding capacity of chloride ions in concrete using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Once the binding isotherm of chlorides was determined by the Langmuir isotherm, as a function of the W/C, curing age and binder type, the generation of bound chlorides (i.e. Friedel's salt) was simultaneously ensured by the XRD technique. The amount of bound chloride was then determined by analyzing the peak intensity for the bound chlorides in the XRD curve. It was found that an increase in the curing age and a decrease in the W/C resulted in an increase in the binding capacity.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.125-129
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• 1997

The effect of mugwort powder on some physicochemical properties of rice flour, the viscosity of rice flour pastes and the degree of gelatinization of pastes and gels were investigated. By addition of mugwort, water binding capacity, swelling power, and solubility of rice flour were increased, also the viscosity and, the degree of gelatinization of rice flour pastes and gels were increased. Generally wet rice flour-mugwort pastes and gels were better than those of dry rice flour-mugwort. And viscosity and gelatinization of the rice-mugwort pastes and gels were decreased slightly during storage at $20^{\circ}C$ for 7 days.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.106-110
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• 1995

Chloride ion is considered one of the most common culprits in the corrosion of steel in concrete. It breaks down the passive film and allows the steel to corrode actively at a high rate. The main objective of this study is to determine the critical chloride ion concentrations in the pore solutions and chloride binding effect of cement pastes made with and without fly ash. Cement pastes with water-ratio of 0.5 allowed to hydrate in sealed containers for 28 days and to express poresolution. T도 expressed pore fluids were analyzed for chloride and hydroxyl ion concentrations. It was found that the replaced cement with fly ash have little effect on Chloride binding capacity ratio.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.265-271
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• 1992

Derivatives (microcrystalline chitin, carboxymethylchitin, acetylchitin, N-acetylchitosan, ethylchitosan and chitosansulfate) of chitin and chitosan were synthesized, and the physicochemical properties of the derivatives were compared with those of chitin and chitosan. Carboxymethylchitin was soluble in water or acetic acid, whereas chitosan and ethylchitosan were soluble in acetic acid alone. The water binding capacity of N-acetylchitosan was two fold higher than that of chitin. Lipid binding capacity of carboxymethylchitin was the highest, holding 1800%, and that of chitin was the lowest, holding 511% among the derivatives. Carboxymethylchitin among the derivatives showed the highest emulsifying capacity, however chitin and chitosan didn't produce emulsions. Dye binding capacity of acetylchitin was the highest, holding 0.93 mg dye/g sample (Blue R-250) and 0.96 mg dye/g sample (Red No. 2). It was concluded that carboxymethylchitin is a good emulsifier and N-acetylchitosan, chitosansulfate and chitosan are suitable for use as dye absorbents.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.576-584
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• 1988

Neutral detergent fiber(NDF) were extracted from the Nampung, Milyang #23, Whasung and Jinhung varieties of rice by neutral detergent fiber method. To determine the properties of NDF three factors were measured : water-binding capacity(WBC), Fe-binding capacity and sodium taurocholate binding with NDF. The average WBC of NDF was $5.60{\pm}0.87gH_2O/g$ NDF, and the average Fe-binding capacity ranged from 24.63% at pH 5.0 to 19.6% at pH 6.0 and 48.98% at pH 7.0. Binding of sodium taurocholate with NDF was determined in vitro using C-14 labeled sodium taurocholate at 100M sodium taurocholate concentrations. NDF binding of Jinhung was 27.87 while Nampung, Milyang #23 and Whasung measured 32% each. When sodium taurocholate concentrations were raised from $40{\mu}M\;to\;240{\mu}M$ the tendency of binding increased as the concentrations increased, but not linearly.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 1973

The most commonly used methods for determining thyroxine binding globulin(TBG) concentration as the total thyroxine-binding capacity utilize electrophoretic seperation of serum. Although technically simple, the electrophoretic method is time consuming and is limited in the number of samples which can be run in a single assay. The author presented a single $T_4$ load ion exchange resin method as an approach to simplify the technique as with clinical practicability and results were analyzed. For construction of the standard curves, serum mixtures were diluted with barbital buffer.which effectively blocked $T_4$-binding to TBPA. For each serum dilution, a constant amount of $T_4-^{125}I$ and increments of unlabelled $T_4$ were added. After incubation in water bath, resin beads were dispensed to the samples which binded all $T_4$ not bound to TBG. The radioactivity in the supernatant was counted in the gamma scintillation counter. Each standard curve was plotted from the percent counts in the supernatant and total $T_4$ in each tube. Unknown samples were diluted to 1:40 and ran at a single $T_4$ loading concentration, and the TBG capacity of the samples was able to be read on the standard isobars. The following results were obtained. 1) Mean and standard deviation for TBG capacity in normal population was $28.6{\pm}5.09{\mu}g\;T_4/100ml$. 2) $24.9{\pm}3.87{\mu}g\;T_4/100ml$ in hyperthyroidism showed low TBG capacity comparing to normal population.(p<0.025) 3) $31.0{\pm}2.40{\mu}g\;T_4/100ml$ in hypothyroidism showed high TBG capacity tendency comparing to normal population. 4) Reversed correlationship existed between TBG capacity and $T_3$ resin uptake(r=-0.624), TBG capacity and serum $T_4$ value (r=-0.859), and TBG capacity and free thyroxine index(r=-0.623). The author assumes that this method of assay is considerably simpler in instrumentation and technique than any other assays traditionally being used, and seems to be more practical for routine clinical laboratory use.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.209-215
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• 1995

Corrosion of steel reinforcment is the most significant factor of deterioration in reinforced concrete structures. Chloride ion is considered one of the most common culprits in the corrosion of steel in concrete. It breaks down the passive film and allows the steel to corrode actively at a high rate. The main objective of this study is to determine the critical chloride ion concentrations in the pore solutions and chloride binding effect of cement pastes made with and without fly ash. Cement pastes with water-binder ratio of 0.5, allowed to hydrate in sealed containers for 28 days and to express pore solution. The expressed pore fluids were analyzed for chloride and hydroxyl ion concentrations. Evaporable water on paralled specimens was determined a.s the loss of weight per 100g of unhydreded cement when the specimens were heated to constant weight at 105'C. It was found that the replaced cement with fly ash has negligible influnce on the chloride binding and chloride binding capacity and rises the $Cl^-$ /$OH^-$ ratio in pore solution.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.172-181
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• 1999

To develop the manufacturing technique for the powder builder of amorphous solid types, the water glass mixed with caustic soda dispersed into the methanol. Thus soluble sodium silicate was made a form of amorphous solid powder. In order to examine characteristics of water soluble sodium silicate $SiO_2/Na_2O$ mol ratio, we investigated solubility, thermogram, SEM, and BET analysis. pH buffering capacity, calcium-ion binding capacity as temperature change, and surfactant loading capacity were examined for characteristics as laundry detergent builder. $SiO_2/Na_2O$ molar ratio of soluble sodium silicate was 1.0, 2.4, 2.8, and zeolite was used in order to investigate basic characteristics of laundry detergent builder. Silicate used with laundry detergent was good for pH buffering capacity and solubility. But calcium-ion binding capacity and surfactant adsorption ability were lower. $SiO_2/Na_2O$ mol ratio became higher, pH buffering capacity and ion exchange ability were lower and surfactant adsorption ability was a little higher.