• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.181-200
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• 2012

At present water crisis is not an issue of scarcity, but of access. There is a growing recognition of the need for increased access to clean water (drinkable, agricultural, industrial use). An encouraging number of innovative technologies, systems, components, processes are emerging for water-treatment, including new filtration and disinfectant technologies, and removal of organics from water. In the past decade many methods have been developed. The most important membrane-based water technologies include reverse osmosis (RO), ultrafiltration (UF), microfiltration (MF), and nanofiltration. Beside membrane based water-treatment processes, other techniques such as advanced oxidation process (AOP) have also been developed. Some unconventional water treatment technology such as magnetic treatment is also being developed.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2001

The key point in establishing water quality management measures is how to decide the load reduction for pollution sources. This study was performed to compare reduction methods for BOD loadings to achieve water quality standards at the end of the Yeongsan river. The target year is 2006 and 2011 and reduction methods are uniform treatment and treatment by influence rate. Using QUAL2E model, the study was performed under the conditions of establishing and non-establishing the publicly owned treatment works(POTWs). Uniform treatment which allocate the same reduction rate to pollution sources showed that all streams into the river should be applied for the reduction. However, treatment by influence rate which allocate the reduction rate by the order of influence rate showed that achieving target quality might be possible with a few streams for the reduction. But total amount of load reduction of streams was not significantly different from two methods.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1995년도 추계 총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.80-93
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• 1995

Membrane Technology, which has been in use for over twenty five years, has established itself as one of the principle separation methods. With improved technology, Reverse Osmosis ("RO") has been applied to large volume water treatment facilities. UF and MF Membrane Technology has, up until recently, been applied to small scale water treatment facilities. The fouling of membrane has restricted the growth of Membrane Technology in Water Treatment. Membrane fouling compound found in water causes the loss of flux across the membrane by absorbing to membrane and plugging their pores. Various methods have been used in the reduction and prevention of membrane fouling. For RO, a conventional pre-treatment system removes the pollutants, preventing the function decline of RO membrane by keeping SDI < 4 as the standard condition of feed water. UF and MF Membrane Technology that must have pre-treatment function within itself, are required to keep its ability not to be influenced by fouling.y fouling.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.115-128
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• 2003

To comparison the surface treatment methods of stone board materials, the results of Dorry's abrasive test were 23.4 for water-jet system and 18.9 for flame-burner system. Therefore abrasive hardness, the stone board materials by the water-jet system was greater than one by flame-jet system. As a result of Shore's hardness test, the stone board materials by water-jet system was twice greater than one by flame-jet system. Authors carried out microscopic observation to survey a defection of the composition minerals for two methods, but all of the both methods have not founded a defection. Therefore, the stone board materials by water-jet system was greater durability than one by flame-jet for the surface treatment methods.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.214-220
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• 2005

Errors may occur due to analysis methods and water quality during the application of the on-line particle counter In water treatment process. Errors caused by analysis methods include particle destruction by shear force due to inflow speed and tube friction, as well as interruption by screening, bubbles and contaminants. Since errors happen frequently because of these factors, it is necessary to examine and evaluate such errors during the application of a particle counter. Errors can be large due to screening and bubbles. Measurement values are effective for water analysis after filtration process. However, because of screening, only measurement values for particles above $7{\mu}m$ are valid for water with a turbidity between 3-10NTU. As particle numbers around $10{\mu}m$ increase a lot after ozone treatment, sufficient pretreatment process is necessary. Physical conditions should keep stable for inflow to decrease errors caused by shear force.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2014

Overall studies for the N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation and treatment methods were conducted. In this study, occurrence in several countries and emerging treatment technologies of NDMA were generally reviewed. The NDMA formation was dependent on pH, contact time, and molar ratio (monochloramine/dimethylamine). The formation was rapidly increased when the molar ratio was greater than 1. It was likely that monochloramine could be related to stimulate NDMA formation. NDMA concentrations in water supply and wastewater plants after disinfection were approximately 10 ng/L and 100 ng/L, respectively. UV oxidation and adsorption processes are regarded as effective technologies for the NDMA removal. It is suggested that the UV oxidation with proper lamps is applied in water supply system.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.138-146
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• 2006

The characteristics of backwash and concentrate discharges depend upon the quality of the water being treated and the net recovery of the membrane system. This paper is to indicate a design methods on the capacities of residuals treatment facilities in membrane processes for drinking water. We operated a demonstration membrane plant with a recovery rate of 90% for designing G-water treatment plant. We investigated on design parameter (optimum coagulant dosage and surface loading rate etc.) to design efficiently the residuals treatment facilities. The settling test was conducted with 1m columns dosing PACl to kaolin and membrane residuals under the experimental condition that discharge permit was under a 60mg/L. When the quantity of membrane residuals was $1,575m^3/day$, the estimated results for 1st thickener demonstrated the surface loading rate of 14.4m/day, detention time of 5.83hr, available depth of 3.5m.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.397-414
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• 2021

The steady growth in population has led to an enhanced water demand and immense pressure on water resources. Pharmaceutical residues (PRs) are unused or non-assimilated medicines found in water supplies that originate from the human and animal consumption of antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics etc. These have been detected recently in sewage effluents, surface water, ground water and even in drinking water. Due to their toxicity and potential hazard to the environment, humans and aquatic life, PRs are now categorized as the emerging contaminants (ECs). India figures in the top five manufacturers of medicines in the world and every third pill consumed in the world is produced in India. Present day conventional wastewater treatment methods are ineffective and don't eliminate them completely. The use of nanotechnology via advanced oxidation processes (AOP) is one of the most effective methods for the removal of these PRs. Present study is aimed at reviewing the presence of various PRs in water supplies and also to describe the process of AOP to overcome their threat. This study is also very important in view of World Health Organization report confirming more than 30 million cases of COVID-19 worldwide. This will lead to an alleviated use of antibiotics, antipyretics etc. and their subsequent occurrence in water bodies. Need of the hour is to devise a proper treatment strategy and a decision thereof by the policymakers to overcome the possible threat to the environment and health of humans and aquatic life.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2012

새만금 지역의 담수수자원의 활용과 고부가가치 창출을 위해 새만금 담수호를 활용한 요구수질별 용수공급을 위한 최적의 수처리 시스템을 선정하고 이에 대한 비용분석을 통해 요구수질별 담수수자원의 활용방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 다양한 수처리 기법들의 종류, 주요 특성 및 오염인자 제거효율, 공법의 장단점 등의 비교분석을 통해 수질오염인자별 유리한 처리공법을 제시하였으며, 최적의 수처리시스템을 도출하여 새만금 지역 내 요구수질별 수처리 비용을 분석하였다. 연구결과를 통해 SS(Suspended Solid), BOD(Biochemical Oxygen Demand), 탁도 제거를 위해 FDA(Filter Disinfection Adsorption)여과기, 대장균 제거를 위한 UV(Ultra-Violet)처리공정, T-P(Total Phosphorus), T-N(Total Nitrogen) 제거를 위한 FNR(Ferrous Nutrient Removal)공법, 그리고 저농도 염처리 공정을 위해 전기투석법이 유리한 공법으로 조사되어 최적의 수처리시스템의 요소기술로 각각 선정되었다. 각 요구수질별 선정된 수처리공정에 따른 비용분석과 적용사례를 제시하여 새만금지역 담수 활용도를 높이고 부족한 상수원 해결의 대안으로 적용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2000

In order to make the reasonable irrigation plan in the unripended tidal reclaimed paddy fields, the estimation of irrigation water requirements by soil textures and water management methods for the normal growth of crops is very important . This study was carried out to determine leaching requirements before cultivating crops. For the purpose of this study, the physical and chemical properties of soil samples used in the desalinization experiments were analyzed, and change of salinity by supplying water and leaching water were investigated in the experimental field with lysimeters. As a result considering the soil textures, desalinization effects of good drainage soils(S1) were better than those of poor drainage soils (S2). In the changes of salinity of the soils with supplying water by water management methods, among the good grainage soils with culvert treatment(S1CW), salinity of S1CW3 with 1, 120mm and S1W4 with 1, 440mm supplying water were 2.6dS/m and 1.1dS/m respectively, and salinity of S1NW4 with 1.680mm among those non-culvert treatment (S1NW) was 3.0dS/m, less than critical salanity value 3.0dS/m. On the other hand, of the poor drainage soils with cultvert treatment , salinity of S2CW3 was ranged 9.4-6.0dS/m with supplied water, and that of non-culverted treatment S2NW as 12.3-8.4dS/m.