• 환경영향평가
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.109-120
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• 2003

This paper examined the impacts of dam construction on fog characteristics over surrounding areas. Juamdam which only supplies the water for use and Chungjudam which generates electricity were selected. The number of foggy days, fog occurrence and dissipation time and the differences of each lake water temperature and air temperature at Sunchun and Chungju were analyzed. After the construction of dam, the relative humidity and water vapor pressure were decreased at Sunchun and Chungju. The number of foggy days did not increase at Sunchun while largely increased at Chungju. Just because Juamdam were contained water, the water vapor pressure at surrounding areas of the weather station were largely decreased. It delayed the time of fog occurrence by bringing out the decrease of steam fog. The foggy days increased over the Chungju area due to the difference between air and cold outlet water temperature. The increase of foggy days mainly resulted from evaporation during colder seasons and from the temperature inversion over the water surface during warmer seasons.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.131-144
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• 2019

Climate Change affects the hydrological cycle in agricultural watersheds through rising air temperature and changing rainfall patterns. Agricultural watersheds in Korea are characterized by extensive paddy fields and intensive water use, a resource that is under stress from the changing climate. This study analyzed the effects of climate change on river flows for Geum Cheon and Eun-San Choen watershed using STREAM, a semi-distributed watershed model. In order to evaluate the performance and improve the reliability of the model, calibration and validation of the model was done for one flow observation point and three reservoir water storage ratio points. Climate change scenarios were based on RCP data provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) and bias corrections were done using the Quantile Mapping method to minimize the uncertainties in the results produced by the climate model to the local scale. Because of water mass-balance, evapotranspiration tended to increase steadily with an increase in air temperature, while the increase in RCP 8.5 scenario resulted in higher RCP 4.5 scenario. The increase in evapotranspiration led to a decrease in the river flow, particularly the decrease in the surface runoff. In the paddy agricultural watershed, irrigation water demand is expected to increase despite an increase in rainfall owing to the high evapotranspiration rates occasioned by climate change.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.299-301
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• 2002

Recent denaturation experiments of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) in the dark and under illumination at high temperatures revealed that irreversible thermal bleaching occurs above ~ 70°C and the preceding reversible structural changes in the dark above 60°C are closely related to irreversible photobleaching observed in the same temperature range (Yokoyama et al. (2002). J Biochem. 131,785). In this study, structural properties of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) at high temperatures were extensively probed by hydroxylamine reactivity with the Schiff base in the dark and hydrogen-deuterium (H-D) exchange in the peptide groups. In the Arrhenius plot from kinetics measurements of the hydroxylamine reaction, a good linear relationship between the reaction time constant and the inverse of the absolute temperature was observed below 60°C, while significant increase started above 60°C, suggesting that remarkable increase in water accessibility of the Schiff base in the temperature region. FT-IR spectroscopic studies on the H-D exchange suggested increase in the deuterium exchanges rate of the peptide hydrogen in the same temperature region.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1009-1017
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• 2013

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctyl sulfonate (PFOS) is a new persistent organic pollutants of substantial environmental concern. This study investigated the potential of magnetic ion exchange resin (MIEX$^{(R)}$) as the adsorbent for the removal of PFOA and PFOS from Nakdong River water. In our batch experiments, we studied the effect of some parameters (pH, temperature, sulfate concentration) on the removal of PFOA and PFOS. The results of sorption kinetics on MIEX$^{(R)}$ show that it takes 90 min to reach equilibrium but the economical contact time and dosage were 30 min and 10 mL/L. An increase in pH (pH 6~10) leads to a decrease in PFOA (2.0%) and PFOS (3.6%) sorption on MIEX$^{(R)}$. The sorption of both PFOA and PFOS decreases with an increase in ionic strength for sulfate ion (${SO_4}^{2-}$), due to the competition phenomenon. An increase in water temperature ($8^{\circ}C{\sim}28^{\circ}C$) in water leads to a increase in PFOA (2.8%) and PFOS (4.3%) sorption on MIEX$^{(R)}$. Based on the sorption behaviors and characteristics of the adsorbents and adsorbates, ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction were deduced to be involved in the sorption, and hemi-micelles possibly formed in the intraparticle pores.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.271-296
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• 2021

댐 저수지 수온성층은 수직혼합을 억제하여 저층의 빈산소층 형성과 퇴적물 영양염류 용출을 일으키는 원인이므로 미래 기후변화에 따른 저수지 성층구조의 변화는 수질 및 수생태 관리 측면에서 매우 중요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 대청댐 저수지를 대상으로 고빈도 자료기반의 통계적 저수지 유입 수온 예측 모델을 개발하고, RCP(Representative Concentration Pathways) 기후변화 시나리오를 고려한 미래 유입 수온변화와 대청호 성층구조의 변화를 예측하는 데 있다. 대청호 유입 수온 예측을 위해 개발한 Random Forest 회귀 예측모델(NSE 0.97, RMSE 1.86℃, MAPE 9.45%)은 실측 수온의 통계량과 변동성을 적절히 재현하였다. 지역 기후 모델(HadGEM3-RA)로 예측된 RCP 시나리오별 미래 기상자료를 Random Forest 모델에 입력하여 유입 수온을 예측하고 3차원 저수지 수리 모델을 이용하여 기후변화에 따른 대청호의 미래(2018~2037, 2038~2057, 2058~2077, 2078~2097) 수온성층 구조 변화를 예측하였다. 예측 결과, 미래 기후 시나리오별로 대기 온도와 저수지 유입 수온의 증가속도는 각각 0.14~0.48℃/10year와 0.21~0.43℃/10year의 범위로써 지속적으로 증가하였다. 계절별 분석 결과, RCP 2.6 시나리오의 봄과 겨울철을 제외한 모든 시나리오에서 유입 수온은 증가 경향이 통계적으로 유의하였으며, 탄소저감 노력이 약한 기후 시나리오로 갈수록 수온의 증가속도가 빨랐다. 저수지 표층 수온의 증가속도는 0.04~0.38℃/10year 범위였으며, 모든 시나리오에서 성층화 기간이 점진적으로 증가되었다. 특히 RCP 8.5 시나리오 적용 시 성층일수는 약 24일 증가하는 것으로 전망되었다. 연구 결과는 기후변화가 호소의 성층강도를 강화하고 성층형성 기간을 장기화한다는 선행연구 결과와 일치하며, 수온성층의 장기화는 저층 빈산소층 확대, 퇴적물-수체간 영양염류 용출량 증가, 수체 내 조류 우점종의 변화 등 수생태계 변화를 유발할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.715-724
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• 2022

In many electric vehicles, large-capacity pouch-type lithium-ion battery packs are mainly used to increase the mileage on a single charge. The lithium ion battery should be operated within the temperature range of 25℃ to 40℃ because the battery performance can be rapidly deteriorated due to an increase in internal temperature. Battery thermal management system (BTMS) can give the suitable temperature conditions to battery by water cooling method. In this research, the heat transfer characteristics (the battery temperature distributions and the water flow characteristics) were analyzed by CFD method to investigate the thermal performance of the cooling plate with 4-pass water flow structure. Moreover, the effect of the presence of fins between the battery cell was identified. The fins made smooth temperature distributions between the battery cells due to the heat spreading and lower the average battery cells temperature.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.501-512
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• 2019

The seasonal effects on the biostability of drinking water were investigated by comparing the seasonal variation of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) in full-scale water treatment process and adsorption of AOC by three filling materials in lab-scale column test. In full-scale, pre-chlorination and ozonation significantly increase $AOC_{P17\;(Pseudomonas\;fluorescens\;P17)}$ and $AOC_{NOX\;(Aquaspirillum\;sp.\;NOX)}$, respectively. AOC formation by oxidation could increase with temperature, but the increased AOC could affect the biostability of the following processes more significantly in winter than in warm seasons due to the low biodegradation in the pipes and the processes at low temperature. $AOC_{P17}$ was mainly removed by coagulation-sedimentation process, especially in cold season. Rapid filtration could effectively remove AOC only during warm seasons by primarily biodegradation, but biological activated carbon filtration could remove AOC in all seasons by biodegradation during warm season and by adsorption and bio-regeneration during cold season. The adsorption by granular activated carbon and anthracite showed inverse relationship with water temperature. The advanced treatment can contribute to enhance the biostability in the distribution system by reducing AOC formation potential and helping to maintain stable residual chlorine after post-chlorination.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.187-197
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• 1996

A computer program for thermal design analysis has been developed to predict the operating characteristics and performance of an absorption heat pump to recover $30{\sim}40^{\circ}C$ of waste hot water. The effects of heat transfer area of the system components, temperature and mass flow rate of heat transfer medium, and solution circulation rate on the system performance are investigated in detail. The results obtained indicate that the COP is increased with a decrease in the temperature of driving steam and with an increase in the temperature of waste hot water while the COP is little affected by the variation of a hot water temperature. It is also found that the heating output is increased with an increase in the temperature of waste hot water and driving steam as well as with a decrease in the temperature of hot water. The simulation results are also compared with the experimental results for a periodic operation of the system and obtained a satisfactory agreement.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.705-712
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• 2009

The state changes of ocean covered over 70% of earth surface are one of the greatest factor of weather catastrophe. Recently weather extraordinary events are followed by steep increase of sea water temperature and scientists in various fields are studying and warning the weather changes. In this paper, floating buoy is developed to monitor ocean environments via Orbcomm satellite and a method is proposed to increase measurement accuracy of sea water temperature with common low price temperature sensor. Experimental results are presented to illustrate the usability and effectiveness of the developed system. A web-based real time monitoring system is built to monitor ocean environmental information such as sea and air temperature, salinity according to the position of buoy through the internet for user convenience.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 1997

In order to provide informations for designing packaging and storage condition of dry jujube (Zizyphus jujuba MILLER), moisture sorption isotherm was determined for temperatures of 20, 30 and 4$0^{\circ}C$, and quality changes were evaluated as function of temperature and water activity. Dry jujube at a given water activity showed higher equilibrium moisture content for lower temperature. Moisture isothem could be fitted by GAB model equation, giving higher C value, lower m0 and relatively constant k value with increase in temperature. Ascorbic acid was lost more highly at higher temperature and water activity, and showed negligible retention for whole range of water activity and temperature studied after 141 days. Browning increased with water activity up to 0.73 at 30 and 4$0^{\circ}C$. Dry jujube of high water activity had high L value in surface color, which represent brightness of surface color. Considering quality retention in the storage, dry jujube is desired to be dried to water activity of 0.42 and be stored at temperature below 3$0^{\circ}C$