• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.563-567
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• 2006

The application of a synergistic solvent extraction by the formation of ternary complex with pyrocatechol violet (PV) and benzalkonium chloride (BC) was studied for determination of trace Zn(II) in water samples. The pH of sample solution and the amount of PV and BC added were optimized for the formation of the stable complex, a proper solvent was selected for the effective extraction, and the concentration of nitric acid was fixed for the back extraction of the complex from the solvent. After the ionic strength of 100 mL sample solution was adjusted to 0.1 M by adding NaCl and the pH was fixed at 9 with a carbonate buffer, 1.0 mL of 2% PV solution was added to form Zn(II)-PV complex then the Zn(II)-PV/BC ternary complex was made by adding 1.0 mL of 10% BC solution. The ternary complex was extracted into 10 mL of MIBK. And the ternary complex was back-extracted with 10 mL of 1.0 mol/L nitric acid to determine Zn(II) by a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (flame-AAS). The interference of concomitant ions on the extraction of Zn(II) was investigated. This procedure was applied to the analysis of three real samples such as Dalbang-dam water, laboratory tap water and Jungnajin seawater. The recoveries of Zn(II) in spiked samples were 86.58-104.1%.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1381-1392
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• 2017

본 총설에서는 유기용매 내성 리파아제와 그들의 산업, 생물공학 및 환경에서의 잠재적인 영향에 대하여 서술하고자 한다. 유기용매 내성 리파아제는 유기용매 내성 세균에서 처음 보고되었으나, 많은 유기용매 내성 리파아제들이 유기용매 내성 세균 뿐만 아니라 잘 알려진 Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Streptomyce 그리고 Aspergillus sp. 균주 같은 유기용매 비내성 세균 그리고 균류 균주들에서도 보고되고 있다. 이들 리파아제들은 유기용매에서 쉽게 불활성화되지 않기 때문에 유기용매에 의한 효소 불활성화를 방지하기 위하여 별도로 그들을 고정화할 필요가 없다. 그러므로 다수의 생물공정 및 생물변환 공정에서 이용될 수 있는 잠재적인 유용성을 가지고 있다. 이들 유기용매 내성 리파아제들을 사용하면, 유기용매계 또는 비수계에서 다수의 불용성 기질들의 용해도가 증가하며, 수계에서는 불가능한 다양한 화학반응들이 일어나고, 가수분해 대신에 합성반응이 일어나며, 물에 의한 부반응이 억제되며, 화학, 위치 그리고 엔안티오(대칭) 선택성(chemo, regio and enantioselective) 변환반응의 가능성이 증가한다. 나아가 고정화하지 않아도 효소의 회수와 재이용이 가능하며, 유기용매계와 비수계에서는 리파아제의 안정성이 더 좋아지는 경향도 있다. 그러므로 유기용매 내성 리파아제는 유기용매계와 비수계를 이용한 생물변환공정에 생물촉매로써 그들을 이용가능하다는 점에서 많은 주목을 받고 있다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2017

ZnO nanopowder was synthesized using a relatively facile and convenient glycol process. ZnO nanopowder was successfully synthesized at temperatures as low as $125^{\circ}C$ using zinc acetate as the Zn source and 1,4-butanediol as the solvent. Then, the effects of water content on the growth process and morphological evolution of ZnO powders were investigated using 1,4-butanediol and water as binary solvent mixtures. Using pure 1,4-butanediol at a temperature above $125^{\circ}C$, the prepared hexagonal ZnO nanopowder exhibited a quasi-spherical shape with average crystalline size of approximately 30 - 50 nm. It is also demonstrated that the morphology of ZnO powders can be controlled by the addition of various water content in 1,4-butanediol. With increasing water content, the morphologies of the ZnO powders changed sequentially from quasi-spherical to hexagonal plate and pyramid, and finally to hexagonal prismatic with a pyramidal tip. A sharp peak centered at 384 nm in the UV region and a weak broad peak in the visible region between 450 and 700 nm were shown in the room temperature PL spectra of the ZnO synthesized using the glycol process, regardless of the addition of water, suggesting that ZnO nanopowders with the best crystallinity were obtained under these conditions.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.695-701
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• 1993

25$^{\circ}C$에서 메탄올, 에탄올, 아세톤 이성분 혼합수용액과 물, 메탄올에서의 가용매분해반응 속도 상수를 결정하고, 이들 속도자료를 Grunwald-Winstein 식과 Kivinen 관계식을 이용하여 해석하였다. 또한 물과 메탄올에서의 속도론적 용매 동위원소 효과와 알코올-물 혼합용매계에서 생성물 선택성 값을 결정하였다. 염화 2-티오펜술포닐의 가용매 분해반으에 대한 속도론적 용매 동위원소 효과는 메탄올과 물에서 각가 2.24와 1.47이었다. 에탄올-물에서의 술포닐 에스테르 형성에 대한 선택성 값은 최대값을 나타내었다. 메탄올과 물에서의 속도론적 용매 동위원소 효과, 알코올 수용액에서의 선택성 자료와 용매효과로부터, 본 연구에서의 반응은 극성이 낮은 용매계에서는 일반염기 촉매반응과 또는 S$_A$N 반응이 유리하고, 극성이 큰 용매계에서는 S$_N$2 반응의 유리한 반응으로 진행되는 것으로 제안하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1757-1762
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• 2006

A solvent sublation using salphen as a ligand was studied and applied for the determination of trace Ni(II), Co(II) and Cu(II) in water samples. The fundamental study was investigated by a solvent extraction process because the solvent sublation was done by extracting the floated analytes into an organic solvent from the aqueous solution. The salphen complexes of Ni(II), Co(II) and Cu(II) ions were formed in an alkaline solution of more than pH 8 and then they were extracted into m-xylene. It was known that the each metallic ion formed 1 : 1 complex with the salphen and the logarithmic values of extraction constants for the complexes were 3.3 5.1 as an average value. Based on the preliminary study, the procedure was fixed for the separation and concentration of the analytes in samples. Various conditions such as the pH of solutions, the influence of $NaClO_4$, the bubbling rate and time of $N_2$ gas, and the type of organic solvent were optimized. The metal-salphen complexes could be extracted into m-xylene from the solution of more than pH 8, but the pH could be shifted to acidic solution of pH 6 by the addition of $NaClO_4$. In addition, the solvent sublation efficiency of the analytes was increased by adding $NaClO_4$. The recovery of 97-115% was obtained in the spiked samples in which given amounts of 0.3 mg/L Ni(II), 0.8 mg/L Co(II) and 0.04 mg/L Cu(II) were added.

• 공업화학
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.420-426
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• 2017

최근 특정 용매에 대한 저항성이 있고 특정 분획분자량을 가지는 고분자 분리막을 통해 용매 또는 용질의 분리가 이루어지는 용매저항성 나노여과막에 대한 연구가 많이 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 분리막의 필수조건은 우수한 물성과 용매저항성을 가지는 것인데 현존하는 상업용 고분자 중 가장 내열성이 좋다고 알려진 폴리벤즈이미다졸은 고유의 용매저항성 역시 뛰어나지만 가교되었을 때 강한 유기용매에도 녹지 않는 특성을 가진다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 폴리벤즈이미다졸의 용매저항성을 이용한 나노여과막의 적용 가능성에 대하여 논의하고자 하였다. 분리막의 제조는 비용매유도상전이법을 통해 실시하였고 전계방출형 주사전자현미경을 통해 나노여과막으로서 적절한 복합막을 형성하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 가교유무에 따른 용매의 투과성능을 확인하였고 장시간 운전을 통하여 용매에 대한 내구성에 따른 안정성 또한 확인하였다. 투과도 실험은 물, 에탄올, 벤젠, N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) 다섯 가지 용매에 의해 실시되었으며 각각의 초기 플럭스는 $6500L/m^2h$ (Water, 2 bar), $720L/m^2h$ (DMAc, 5 bar), $185L/m^2h$ (Benzene, 5 bar), $132L/m^2h$ (NMP, 5 bar), $65L/m^2h$ (Ethanol, 5 bar)를 나타내었고 분리막의 종류에 따라 2-5 bar의 압력을 적용하였다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.37-41
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• 1979

In order to obtain tasic information for solvent dyeing, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films was pretreated with water, tetrachloroethylene (TCE) and water/TCE emulsion for three hours at $140^{\circ}C$ for stabilizing the substrate. By film roll cyliderical method, Disperse Red 60, Disperse Yellow 42, and Disperse Blue 27 were diffused in the films and examined dyeing properties. The results are summarized as follows; 1) Diffusion coefficient increases in the order, waterTCE>water/TCE 2) A linear relationship between diffusion coefficient and shrinkage was Observed 3) The temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient can't be expressed by WLF equation.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.1317-1325
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• 2013

Paulownia coreana is a medicinal, edible and industrial plant with the largest leaf, and is native to Korea. We evaluated the reducing power activities, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities (RSAs), nitrite scavenging activities (NSAs) and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) cation RSAs by solvent extraction of P. coreana bark by using $50^{\circ}C$ hot water and $25^{\circ}C$ methanol. The antioxidative effect of P. coreana bark extract on corn seed oil was evaluated using the Rancimat test. The extraction yields on dry weight basis with 15 folds of hot water and methanol were 23.88% and 5.30%, respectively; further the flavonoid content in the hot water extract was over 2.5 times more than that in the methanol extract. The DPPH RSA of the methanol extract was substantially higher than that of the water extract, whereas the NSA of the water extract was higher than that of the methanol extract at pH 1.2. The ABTS RSAs of the two extracts were almost the same as that of ascorbic acid and 2,6-ditertiarybutyl hydroxytoluene. The two extracts of P. coreana bark in this study were found to slightly improve the oxidation stability of corn seed oil.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.1209-1214
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• 2006

This paper presents an application of Dividing Wall Column(DWC) to the recovery of the waste solvent from the film making processes. The waste solvent feed contains MEK(Methyl-Ethyl-Ketone), Toluene, Cyclohexanone, and water. The commercial software $HYSYS^{TM}$ was used for rigorous simulation and analysis. Sensitivity analysis for several major design variables were carried out to achieve the optimal design of the process. Distribution of the internal vapor and liquid flows to the prefractionator and main sections is shown to be the most dominant design factor for energy saving efficiency in the DWC process. The simulation results also show that the solvent recovery process using the DWC significantly improves both the energy efficiency and the compactness of the solvent recovery process.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.481-492
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• 2023

The ecofriendly lifestyle has attracted considerable support for sustainable development. Natural dyes, as sustainable products, have become a research focus and development area for many scientists. Ecofriendly processing also supports circular sustainable development. This study effectively obtained tannins as a natural dye from merbau (Intsia bijuga) sawdust using water as an ecofriendly solvent. Merbau sawdust is an underutilized industrial waste. Temperature and solid-solvent ratio variations were performed to extract tannins from merbau sawdust. Temperature and solid-solvent ratio positively affected solution yield and tannin concentration. The optimal condition was identified using response surface methodology and experimental observations. A yield of 0.2217 g tannins/g merbau was obtained under the conditions of 333.15 K and 0.125 solid-solvent ratio. Extraction was controlled by convective mass transfer at the interface of solid particles.