• Title/Summary/Keyword: water seeding

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Effect of Different Herbicides on Initial Rice and Weedy Rice Seedling Growth under Iron-coated Seeds in Flooded Direct Seeding (담수직파 파종 전 제초제 처리에 따른 철분코팅종자와 잡초성 벼의 출아, 입모 및 초기생육 영향)

  • Park, Kwang Ho
    • Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.93-100
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    • 2016
  • This research was conducted to determine a pre-germinated herbicides with iron-coated seeds in water and wet hill seeded rice. Days of rice seedling emergence was the faster germination at the application of benzobicyclon > oxadiazon > thiobencarb > butachlor and the sealed iron-coated seeds with pre-germinated seeds> pre-germinated seeds> iron-coated seeds with pre-soaking. The seedling establishment was relatively high in untreated control and benzobicyclon among seed treatments by 63.7% and 75.7%. There was 100% seeds killed of pre-germinated seeds in terms of herbicide phytotoxicity and sealed iron-coated seeds with pre-germinated seeds in butachlor but benzobicyclon was of safe with 2% rice seeds killed. Infant rice seedling height was of 9.2-12.9cm in benzobicyclon and 11.9-16.3cm in untreated control and thus there was relatively normal development and growth at the initial rice seedling.

Application Cases of Test Construction of Hydro-Seeding Measures on the Slopes Along the National Road Between Gamchon and Yaechon (감천예천구간 국도비탈면 종자뿜어붙이기 시험시공 적용사례)

  • Jeon, Gi-Seong;Woo, Kyung-Jin
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.10 no.6
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    • pp.139-151
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    • 2007
  • To protect the surface of ground-cutting slopes and ground-raised slopes and to recover environment-friendly slopes at the national road expansion construction between Gamchon and Yaechon, test-construction work was done using several modes of hydro-seeding measures to select a suitable construction method through the field survey; the results were as follows : As a result of survey on physio-chemical characteristics of soil, the average soil inclination on ground-raised slopes was from 4.73 mm to 5.37 mm; the average soil acidity was from pH 6.47 to 6.73; the average soil humidity was within the scope of 0.57~1.70 %,; the average soil inclination on ground-cutting slopes was 9.17~10.43mm; the average soil acidity was pH 6.67~6.77 and the average soil humidity was within the scope of 0.53~1.27 %; considered overall, they showed generally satisfactory base materials for plant breeding. As a result of the number of sprouting individuals, the average sprouting number of individuals on test spots executed by Coir net with Seed spray construction methods and the average number of sprouting individuals on other test spots executed by furrow-digging with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures were 1,172 number of per square meter and 970 number of per square meter respectively; thus they showed higher numerical value comparing with other test spots. Likewise, the average number of sprouting individuals on test spots of the ground-cutting slopes executed by Coir net with Seed spray method and the average number of sprouting individuals on other test spot executed by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures were found to be 1,107 number of per square meter and 1,105 number of per square meter respectively, whose numerical value showed rather higher other test spots. As a result of a survey on living plants' breeding index [dried weight], the weight in dried state on test spots executed by Coir net with Seed spray method and other test spots executed by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures on both ground-raised and ground-cutting slopes was found to be higher and showed similar characteristics statistically. As a result of survey on the surface-covering degree of ground-raised slopes, nine weeks after test construction, test spots executed by Coir net with Seed spray method and other test spots executed by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures showed commonly more than 70% of surface-covering degree, but other test spots showed only below 35% of surface covering degree; especially in case of test spots by Verdvol seed spray measures, they showed 10% of the lowest surface-covering. Surface-covering degree on the test spot of ground-cutting slopes nine weeks after test construction showed more than 75% both executed by Coir net with Seed spray construction method and executed by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures. As a result of survey on appearing plants on the test spots, there dominates Eragrostis curvula both on ground-raised slopes and on ground-cutting slopes with other seeding plant life's lower breeding and there appear intruders, such as Setaria viridis Beauv, Digitaria sanguinalis Scop, and Chenopodium album var.centrorubrum Makino. As for water-borne excavation and soil's washing-away on the slopes, there happened less washing-away and water-borne excavation with good breeding of plant life on test spots executed both by Coir net with Seed spray construction method and by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures, but there happened much more soil's washing-away along with water-home excavation at the test spot executed by Seed spray with measures. After the research results of test construction sites are examined overall, it's presumed that furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures [interval between lines is 40cm, 5cm in depth] will be preferred to prevent erosion and water-home excavation of slopes located within the construction sites.

Germinability, Morphological Development during Germination and Anatomical Observation Gentiana scabra Bunge var. buergeri Max. (자생 용담의 발아성 및 발아과정 중의 형태 형성과 조직의 해부학적 관찰)

  • Son, Byung-Gu;Choi, Young-Hwan;An, Jong-Gil;Cho, Dong;Kang, Jum-Soon;Jung, Yong-Mo;Kwon, Oh-Chang
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.127-135
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    • 1999
  • Gentiana scabra Bunge var buergeri Max, can be widely used such as cut-flower, ornamental and medicinal plant among the native plants. Microscopic and Scanning electron microscopic observation plant were carried out to estimates the characteristics correlated with germinability and germination process, and the results were as follows. The seeds were germinated just after harvest, and it means that there is no or little dormancy of the seeds. Matured seeds showed higher germinability than those of immatured. As the storage period was longer, immatured seeds showed shorter longevity than those of matured. The average longevity was about 190 days. According to the observation results of morphological changes during the germination, seed coat was expanded with water absorption immediately after seeding, and radicals were observed 2 days after seeding. Root hairs were formed behind the growing tip of the root on 4 days after seeding and cotyledon were unfolded on 6 days after seeding. In the microscopic observation of leaf tissues, it could be easily distinguished between midrib, and leaf blade, and also observed upper epidermis, palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma consisted as a sing1e layer. Palisade parenchyma was consisted of a single layer of cell. Stomata were restricted lower surface, arranged as anamocytic type, and surrounded by guard cells. In the microscopic anatomy of stem were consisted of cortical layer, forming a single layer of epidermis and parenchyma, and vascular bundle which was consisted of continuous cylinder of vascular tissues.

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Effect of Super Phosphate Addition and Spraying time of Amino Acid Fermentation By-product Liquid Fertilizer on the Number of Sprouts and Yield of Pasturages (아미노산(酸) 발효(醱酵) 부산액비(副産液肥)에 대(對)한 과석(過石) 첨가(添加)와 시용시기(施用時期)가 목초(牧草)의 출아(出芽)와 수량(收量)에 미치는 효과(效果))

  • Oh, Wang-Keun;On, Jae-Sup
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.375-380
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    • 1984
  • A pot experiment was conducted to learn the effect of non-compounded and compounded (with super phosphate) liquid fertilizers made of amino acid fermentation by product and the time of their application on the emergences and yield of orchard grass. Results obtained as follows; 1. The Application of the liquid fertilizers, on seeding day of the orchard grass raised soil pH and salt concentration more than the application on the days before seeding and decreased the number of sprouts of the grass which also lead to a lower yield of the grass compared with the latter. 2. Liquid compound fertilizer, however, tended to reduce the harmful effect on sprouting orchard grass compared with non-compounded liquid fetilizer, particulary in soil of on-lime applied. 3. The application of liquid and liquid compound fetilizers on somewhat acidic bare land a quite ahead of seeding or transplanting crops may not only reduce the effect of the fertilizers, provided the land is free from washing by rain or irrigation water, but also provide better conditions for sprouting and early growth of plant seedings than the use at the pre-seeding or pro-transplanting time.

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Effects of Biochar on Early Growth and Nutrient Content of Vegetable Seedlings (바이오차의 시용이 채소 유묘 생장 및 양분 흡수량에 미치는 영향)

  • Hong, Sung-Chang;Yu, Seon-Young;Kim, Kyeong-Sik;Lee, Gyu-Hyun;Song, Sae-Nun
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.50-57
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    • 2020
  • BACKGROUND: Biochar is used in various environmental fields, such as water quality and soil restoration, and affects soil fertility and nutrient cycling. Also, when crops are grown on biochar-applied soil, their characteristics may be affected. Biochar is used especially with commercial vegetable seedlings. METHODS AND RESULTS: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of biochar content in seeding mixes on early growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L.), and red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Treatments consisted of a control (0: 10, ratio of biochar to seeding mixes (w/w)), 1: 9 (biochar 10%), 3: 7 (biochar 30%), 5: 5 (biochar 50%), and 7: 3 (biochar 70%). The biochar was made from risk husk and had a C/N ratio of 104. As the mixing ratio of biochar increased, pH increased whereas EC and nitrogen content decreased. The highest phosphorus content was with the treatment of 30% biochar, while there were significant increases in the weight of lettuce seedlings and concentrations of T-N, P2O5, K2O, MgO, and Na with the treatments of 30% and 50% biochar. Although the weight of Chinese cabbage seedlings increased with the treatment of 10% biochar, the increase was not statistically significant. Also, there was an increase in the weight of red pepper seedlings with the treatment of 30% biochar, but the increase was not statistically significant. With increases in the biochar mixing ratio, the K2O concentration of red pepper seedlings increased, but the concentrations of P2O5, CaO, MgO, and Na decreased. It was believed that this was because of absorption inhibition by calcium-phosphate formation in the seeding mixes owing to increased pH. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, adding biochar to seeding mixes is considered to be an important mean for growing healthy vegetable seedlings. More field experiments are needed to verify the effect of biochar on vegetable crop growth over the entire growing season.

Effects of Scarification, Temperature and Sulfuric Acid Treatments on Seed Germination of White Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) (백련(Nelumbo nucifera) 종자의 발아에 미치는 종피의 파상, 온도 및 황산처리 효과)

  • Im, Myung-Hee;Kim, Byoung-Woon;Park, Yong-Seo;Yang, Seung-Yul;Song, Chyae-Eun;Heo, Buk-Gu
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.7-13
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    • 2012
  • This study was conducted to determine the effects of scarification temperature, and sulfuric acid treatments on seed germination of white lotus collected from the Muan districts, Jeonnam in Korea. Without scarification, white lotus seeds were not germinated at all at 15 days after seeding. However, seeds sacrificed at basal parts showed 100% germination rate at $25^{\circ}C$ 6 days after seeding. All the seeds floated (0.90 g) and soaked (1.18 g) in the water were completely germinated. Especially, the lotus seeds soaked in the water at $25^{\circ}C$ showed high germination rate. Seeds treated with 80% sulfuric acid for 40-160 hours were germinated completely within 6 days after seeding. No difference in seed germination rate of white lotus stored up to 0, 12 and 24 months after harvest was observed. Overall results would be useful means for propagation and production of white lotus.

Lodging Mechanisms and Reducing Damage of Rice Plant (벼 도복 발생요인과 피해경감 대책)

  • Lee, Moon-Hee;Oh, Yun-Jin;Park, Rae-Kyeong
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.36 no.5
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    • pp.383-393
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    • 1991
  • Lodging of rice plant is the most important damage by unfavourable weather conditions in rice cultivation. High levels of nitrogen application and growing of Japonica rice variety is one factor to increase the lodging damage. Lodging of rice plant decreasing grain yield; 34% at milky. 21% at dough. 20% at yellow stage. decreasing grain Quality. increasing green rice. and increasing labor cost to harvest. To decrease lodging damage. the lodging resistant varieties will be selected and cultural practices such as amount and time of nitrogen application. planting density. water management. and disease and pest control methods have to be study for the short and strong culm. and good rooting system. Also. application methods such amount and time of plant growth regulators and new types of chemicals will be develop for the reducing lodging of rice plant. To decrease the lodging damage in direct seeding cultivation. first identifying the differences of lodging mechanisms between hand transplanting and direct seeding, second establish the suitable direct seeding methods such as seedling establishement. fertilization. and water menagement.

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Evaluation of the Non-point Source Treatment Facility using the porous lightweight aggregate and the recycled aggregate (다공성 경량골재 및 순환골재를 이용한 비점오염원 저감시설의 처리효율 평가)

  • Kang, Young-Heoun;Jang, Dae-Chang;Kang, Seon-Hong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.735-741
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    • 2009
  • This study intends to evaluate the efficiency of non-point source reduction technique by using the porous lightweight and recycled aggregate which microorganism is seeded. In case of infiltration velocity 30~70 mm/hr in high concentration of influent, it is indicated that SS was 40~94%, COD 44~91%, BOD 4~91%, TN 1.2~66%, TP 7~70% of removal efficiency. Removal efficiency is good in infiltration velocity 30 > 50 > 70㎜/hr order. Therefore, the non-point source treatment facility filled with lightweight and recycled aggregate using microbial seeding shows higher removal efficiency than a conventional sand and gravel. We confirm that the function and efficiency are improved significantly and applied to treat non-point sources.

Effects of Transplanting Dates and Water Mangement on the Growth of Adlay(Coix lachrymajobi L. var. mayuen) (이식시기 및 본답 물 관리방법이 율무 생육에 미치는 영향)

  • 김성만;김용철;최인수
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.294-297
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    • 1998
  • The objective of this study was to establish the stable cultivating method of adlay in paddy fields. The effect of soil moisture on the early of the transplanted adlay seeding was evaluated in 1996. the suitable transplanting period and the relationship between water management and leaf blight disease were tested in 1997. The critical transplanting date was June 30. rooting of transplanted adlay plants was retarded when soil moisture was saturated. However, sufficient soil moisture since one month after transplanting was required for the control of leaf blight disease and high yield of adlay.

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Pathogenicity of Pythium Species Associated with Seed and Seedling Rot in Water-Seeded Rice (벼 담수직파재배에서 벼모썩음병에 관련된 Pythium속 균의 병원성)

  • ;R. W. Schneider
    • Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.402-406
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    • 1996
  • Pythium 5종, 16균주를 공시하여 담수직파한 벼에 대한 병원성을 CMA 배지와 growth chamber 검정법에 의하여 검정한 결과 P. arrhenomanes 1398 균주가 가장 강한 병원성을 보였으며, 다음은 균주에 따라 차이가 있었으나 P. irregulare와 P. spinosum도 병원성이 강하였으며, P. dissotocum과 P. catenulatum의 균주는 병원성이 약하거나 없엇다. CMA 배지 검정때 P. arrhenomanes 1398 균주의 병원성은 주.dirks 2$0^{\circ}C$ 또는 3$0^{\circ}C$의 항온처리보다 주간 3$0^{\circ}C$, dirks 2$0^{\circ}C$의 변온 처리에서 높았다. Growth chamber 검정법으로 병원성을 검정할 때에는 벼알접종원을 이용하는 것이 효과적이었다.

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