• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제26권12호
• /
• pp.1781-1789
• /
• 2013

Many studies have been carried out with respect to packaging methods and temperature conditions of beef. However, the effects of packaging methods and temperature conditions on the quality characteristics have not been extensively studied in low-grade beef. Low-grade beef samples were divided into 3 groups (C: ziplock bag packaging, T1: vacuum packaging, and T2: modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), $CO_2/N_2$ = 3:7) and samples were stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 21 days. The water-holding capacity (WHC) was significantly lower in T1 than in the other samples up to 14 days of storage. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and volatile basic nitrogen values were significantly lower in T1 and T2 than in C after 7 to 14 days of storage. The total bacterial counts were significantly lower in T1 and T2 than in C after 14 days of storage. In a sensory evaluation, tenderness and overall acceptability were significantly higher in T1 and T2 than in C at the end of the storage period (21 days). We propose that the MAP method can improve beef quality characteristics of low-grade beef during cold storage. However, the beneficial effects did not outweigh the cost increase to implement MAP.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1985

Urban sewage and stream water in Wonju city were examined and the results were as follows: The average water quality of Wonju stream was flow 52.8m$^3$/min, BOD 21.14ppm, COD 7.06 ppm, SS 212.4ppm, Cl$^-$ 23.14ppm, O-Phosphate 1.08ppm, NH$_3$-N 1.08ppm, NO$_2$-N 2.63ppm and pH 7.48 respectively. The average water quality of urban sewage was flow 2.76m$^3$/min, BOD 112.7ppm, COD 33.6ppm, SS 374.4ppm, Cl$^-$ 46.2ppm, O-Phosphate 1.56ppm, NH$_3$-N 5.96ppm and NO$_2$-N 3.28 ppm respectively. The quality of stream water showed was 4th grade area according to environmental water quality standard. The survey showed k$_1$ 0.11day$^{-1}$, k$_2$ 0.29day$^{-1}$ and the self- purification coefficient 2.5 in average.. In calculating oxygen variation in water by Streeter-Phelp's equation the zero station exhibited in down stream.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제40권6호
• /
• pp.908-923
• /
• 2020

The objective of this study was to compare tastes-related components and eating quality properties between Hanwoo steer and cow meats. Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscles with same quality grade (1⁺ grade) collected from left sides of the steer and cow carcasses were used for analyses of technological quality traits, free amino acids (FAAs), metabolites, nucleotides, fatty acids and sensory attributes. there were no differences occurring in the chemical composition (fat, protein, moisture and collagen) and technological quality traits (cooking loss, water holding capacity, shear force and color) between the two beef types (p>0.05). The cow meat exhibited significantly higher amounts of some FAAs associated with umami (e.g., glutamic acid and lysine), sweetness (e.g., proline and glutamic acid) and saltiness (e.g., histidine and glutamic acid) compared to the steer meat (p<0.05). Regarding the nucleotides, no differences occurred in all the identified nucleotides between the two beef types (p>0.05). A total of 27 metabolites were identified, however, only some compounds (e.g., acetate, creatine, creatinine, glucose and inosine, etc.) showed their significantly higher amounts in the cow meat compared with those in the steer meat (p<0.05). In terms of sensory aspects, the panelists found no differences in scores of all the eating quality traits between the two sex types of beef (p>0.05). Overall, excepts some variations in tastes-active compounds, there were no differences in the quality characteristics in general and eating quality in particular between the cow and steer meats when they were in the same quality grade.

• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.57-69
• /
• 2007

본 연구는 마산만에서 육상기원 오염부하와 퇴적물로부터의 부하에 의한 해수 수질의 응답특성과 환경용량을 2002년 하계의 관측 자료를 바탕으로, 생태계 모델링을 이용하여 산정하였다. 만 내측의 잔차류는 0.1~1.5cm/s의 크기로 비교적 현상과 유사하게 재현되었는데, 표층에서는 잔차류가 남향으로 저층에서는 북향류를 이루고 있어서, 육상으로부터 유입된 오염물질이 쉽게 만 외부로 빠져나가는 것이 힘들다. 모델링결과 COD 분포는 육상오염부하가 큰 만 내측에서 3 mg/L이상의 높은 값을 나타내고 있다. 목표수질 해역 I등급(COD 1 mg/L)을 달성하기 위한 오염원별 삭감 부하량은 유기물(COD)과 영양염을 80%이상 삭감해야하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 해역 II등급(COD 2 mg/L)을 달성하기 위한 오염원별 삭감 부하량은 유기물(COD)과 영양염을 50%이상 삭감하여야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 각각의 경우 COD의 환경용량은 2.32 ton/day와 7.16 ton/day로 나타났다.

• 농업생명과학연구
• /
• 제52권6호
• /
• pp.89-101
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 4대강 사업에 따른 낙동강 수질의 변동성을 평가하기 위한 것으로, 낙동강에 건설된 8개보 건설 전후의 수질을 비교, 분석하였다. 이를 위해 보에서 가장 인접한 상류 수질측정지점을 대상으로 4대강 사업전(2003년 1월부터 2008년 11월), 사업중(2008년 9월부터 2012년 4월), 사업후(2012년 5월부터 2017년 9월)까지의 3개 기간에 대해 DO, BOD, COD, SS, T-N, T-P, TOC 등의 수질자료를 수집하였다. 4대강 사업전후 자료의 유의성 검증을 위해 대응검정 T-test를 95%의 신뢰구간에서 실시한 결과 DO, BOD, COD, T-N, TOC는 사업 전보다 사업 후 수질 농도가 높아지는 경향이 있으며, 그 중 BOD, COD, TOC의 농도가 큰 차이를 보였다. 반면에 SS, T-P는 사업 전보다 사업 후 농도값이 감소하였다. 수질인자 중 변화값이 큰 BOD, COD, TOC를 수질등급으로 나누어 공간적으로 분석해 본 결과 사업전에 비해 사업후의 수질등급이 나빠지는 경향을 보였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.97-102
• /
• 2003

본 연구는 쑥의 첨가와 도체등급이 돈육 patty의 품질에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 쑥을 첨가하지 않은 B등급육 patty(A patty), 쑥을 첨가한 B등급육 patty(B patty), 쑥을 첨가하지 않은 E등급육 patty(C patty) 및 쑥을 첨가한 E등급육 patty(D patty)를 제조하고 일반성분, 열량, 아질산 잔류량, 표면색도, 조직감, 보수력 및 관능성을 실험하였다. 수분함량은 시료들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 조지방 함량과 열량은 B등급육 patty가 E등급육 patty보다 높았다. 조회분은 patty들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 아질산 잔류량은 쑥을 첨가한 patty가 첨가하지 않은 것보다 낮았다. 명도(L)및 황색도(b)는 B등급육 patty가 높았으며, 적색도(a)는 E등급육 patty가 높았다. 경도, 응집성 및 씹힘성은 B등급육이 E등급육 patty보다 낮았다. 돈육 patty의 향기, 맛, 조직감, 다즙성, 색깔 및 종합적인 기호성은 patty들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.297-308
• /
• 2002

Field observations for research of oceanographic characteristics in waters adjacent to fish farm on land and water quality at area where water is supplied to fish farm and area where water is discharged from fish farm are carried out in coastal waters of Pyoson located in the southeastern region of Jeju Island in March, May, August and November of 2000. Semidiurnal tides to the northeast and southwest dominate. The mean velocities of current around neap tides and spring tides are 8.52cmㆍs$^{-1}$, 28.63cmㆍs$^{-1}$, respectively. The difference of temperature between area where water is supplied to fish farm and area where water is discharged from fish farm is about 0.6$^{\circ}C$. Seasonal variation range for temperature and salinity is 13.5$^{\circ}C$ and 3.5psu, individually. Concentrations of nitrate(NO$_3$$^{-}$), phosphate(PO$_4$$^{3-}$ ), silicate(SiO$_2$) and COD(chemical oxygen demand) are high in autumn. Particularly, concentrations of nitrate and COD in winter and spring at station where water is supplied to fish farm are higher than these at station where water is dischared from fish farm. However, concentration of phosphate and silicate at station where is supplied to fish farm in spring, summer and autumn is higher than that at station where water is dischared from fish farm. Water quality in the study area is grade 1 and this level is kept up in the whole year.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.41-50
• /
• 2010

This study established a 3D ecosystem model composed of stratification considering the topographic heat accumulation effect and river outflow, and then applied this model to Jinhae, Masan Bay. Specifically, it reenacted the formation and developmental process of ODW according to the stratification by calculating the kinematic eddy viscosity and eddy diffusion coefficient of the stratification model. The results were used as input data for the ecosystem model and compared with DO, COD, I-N, and I-P, which is the standard index of ocean water quality. As a result, it was determined that COD and T-N are third grade and T-P is second grade standards for a natural environment.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제28권12호
• /
• pp.1331-1336
• /
• 2006

연도별 COD 변화 추세선에서 1992년도의 COD농도 2.31 mg/L에서 2005년 2.72 mg/L로 13년간 0.23 mg/L 증가한 것으로 분석되었다(실제 분석결과는 2.3 mg/L에서 2.5 mg/L로 0.2 mg/L증가). 추세선에서 2010년에는 COD농도가 3.0 mg/L 이상으로 나타나지만 상관도는 매우 낮다(결정계수 $r^2$=0.3669). 주암호 댐 앞의 Chl-a와 COD농도의 상관관계는 $r^2$=0.8141로 높았으며, Chl-a농도가 5.5 $mg/m^3$ 이하일 때 호소 생활환경 2급수인 COD농도 3 mg/L 이하를 유지하나, Chl-a 농도가 46.5 $mg/m^3$을 초과할 경우에는 상수 3 mg/L 이하를 유지하기 힘든 것으로 나타나 하절기 안정적인 수질을 유지하기 위해서는 조류의 제어가 중대한 인자임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제11권12호
• /
• pp.1205-1215
• /
• 2002

To evaluate the change for water quality after the water gate operation in Shiwha lake, in situ survey were conducted on september in 2000 and January, march, jane in 2001. Chemical characteristics and eutrophication level was estimated from the survey data. The water quality of the Shihwa lake was greatly affected by pollutant load from rainfall, and formation of stratification in summer and winter was increased to effect on nutrient release from sediment. Especially, high concentration of chlorophyll-a was occurred in autumn, due to increased nutrient, high water temperature and low salinity after rainfall runoff. The mean concentration of DIN, DIP were 0.346mg/L, 0.0217mg/L in surface water and 0.826mg/L, 0.0415mg/L in bottom water, respectively, which were over III grade of seawater standard. Also high percentage of ammonia nitrogen to DIN in bottom water for autumn and winter was affected by released nutrient from sediment. Correlation analysis of chlorophyll-a versus TSS was shown that organic matter was affected by autochthonous organic matter stem from the algae, these factor showed reverse correlation about salinity. Closely correlations among to the water quality constituent in continuity survey was appeared. The results of eutrophication index estimation showed the high potentiality of red tide occurrence in Shiwha lake, particularity in summer or fall. Overall water quality was greatly improve to compared with measuring data during 1997~1998 at the beginning water gate operation, which reported by KORDI. Therefore, to improve of water quality in Shiwha lake, we need to establish of management plan about nutrient release from sediment, rainfall runoff, maximum of seawater exchange.