• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 1994

The conditions of water extraction form the dried jujube (Zizyphus jujuba) were examined. The general components, taste, and effect of taste correction of jujube water extract concentrate (JWEC) were investigated. desirable condition for extraction was that 100g of dried jujube was added to 750$m\ell$ of water and heated for 80 minutes at 100$^{\circ}C$. The yield of JWEC was 50% and the manin component of it was sugar (90%). The major taste of JWEC was sweetness, and it had astringent, bitter, sour and salty tastes as incidental taste. The taste was changed to desirable taste when 15% of JWEC was added to coffee, 10% of JWEC was added to fermented soy sauce, thick soypaste mixed with red pepper, and vinegar, respectively.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.368-373
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• 2000

Enteroviruses in the environment pose a public health risk because they can be transmitted via the fecal-oral route through contaminated water, and low numbers are able to initiate an infection in humans. Because the levels of viruses typically found in environmental water and drinking water are low, they must be concentrated from hundreds to thousands of liters of water. Therefore, the main goal of this study was the development of a rapid, simple and efficient procedure to concentrate, isolate and detect enteroviruses from environmental water samples. Viruses were first concentrated by adsorption to 1 MDS cartridge filter and then eluted with approximately 0.5 liter of 1.5% beef extract/0.05M glycin(pH 9.4). In this study, several procedures to concentrate and purify intact viruses from beef extract obtained from the adsorbent filters were tested. Among them, organic floccuration was the best reliable method for reconcentration. sample volume could be reduced to 200∼400 folds and the efficiency of virus recovery through the procedure was over 72%. Finally, the samples were filtered through a membrane disk filter and then analyzed by either the plaque assay or combined cell culture-polymerase chain reaction.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.320-331
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• 2013

Omija, the major material of omigalsu, has liver protective and antioxidant effects, while mung bean has detoxification effects. A series of studies were conducted to standardize the traditional recipe for omigalsu to develop traditional functional drinks made from Omija extract and mung bean juice. Study 1 was designed to determine the optimal conditions for Omija extraction and mung bean juice. A higher water temperature and longer immersion time was associated with higher, free sugar and organic acid contents of omija extract; however, sensory evaluation revealed that the optimal extraction conditions for the highest acceptability, proper taste and red tone were $23^{\circ}C$ and 18 hrs of immersion. Conversely, the pH of the mung bean juice produced by varying the immersion time (5 hr, 11 hr, 17 hr) was found to be neutral, containing small levels of organic acid and free sugar, and showing a yellow tone. The results of the sensory evaluation also showed that the optimal conditions for taste, flavor and yellowness of mung bean juice was 5-hour-long immersion. Study 2 was designed to determine the optimum mixing ratio of omigalsu concentrate. Sensory evaluation revealed that the contents of sugar and total free sugar were highest when the mixing ratio among omija extract, mung bean juice and sugar was 1:1:20%, indicating that these conditions produced the most attractive color and highest overall acceptability. Study 3 was designed to determine the optimum dilution magnification for omigalsu. Sensory evaluation during summer revealed that the omigalsu produced by mixing 54 g of omigalsu concentrate into 200 cc water of $4^{\circ}C$ or $80^{\circ}C$ was most preferred, while during winter. Overall, the optimum dilution magnification for omigalsu was 4.7~5.4.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.736-740
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• 2004

50% 에탄올 추출박으로부터 기존의 백삼농축액보다 산성다당체가 다량 함유된 백삼 농축액 제조 방법에 대해서 연구하였다. 50% 에탄올을 사용하여 제조한 백삼농축액의 추출 수율과 산성다당체 함량은 에탄올의 농도가 증가할수록 감소하였다. 반면에 백삼을 0∼90% 에탄올로 추출하고 남은 백삼박 내의 산성다당체 함량은 에탄올 농도가 증가할수록 증가하였다. 백삼박으로부터 산성다당체를 얻을 수 있는 최적의 조건은 $\alpha$-amylase를 390∼650 unit/g residue/15 mL 증류수의 농도로 4$0^{\circ}C$에서 5분 동안 처리하는 것으로 확인되었다. 50% 에탄을 추출 후 남은 백삼박에 $\alpha$-amylase를 처리함으로써 백삼박의 물추출액 중의 산성다당체 함량은 무처리구의 8.3%에서 10.5%로 증가하였다. 기존의 50% 에탄올 백삼추출농축액과 본 실험을 통하여 얻어진 백삼박 추출액을 8:2(w/w)로 혼합한 새로운 흔합백삼농축액을 제조한 결과 기존의 인삼농축액에 비해 조사포닌 함량은 비슷하며 약2배 정도의 산성다당체를 함유하고 색도가 짙은 농축액을 제조할 수 있었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.805-811
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 동충하초 및 부추를 열수추출한 후, 최적배합비율을 선정하여 혼합 물추출물을 제조하고 이에 대한 이화학적 특성 및 생리활성 효능을 검증하고자 하였다. 동충하초 및 부추 혼합 물추출물을 제조하였을 때 소비자들이 가장 선호하는 비율은 70:30이었으며, 이취제거를 위한 첨가물로 10% 사과농축액을 사용하여 최종 혼합 물추출물을 제조하였다. 최적 혼합 물추출물의 이화학적 특성을 확인한 결과로 pH는 4.28±0.12로 약산성이었고, 총 산도는 0.19±0.05%로 나타났다. 당도와 탁도는 9.1°Brix 및 1.48을 나타내었다. 동충하초 및 부추 혼합 물추출물의 항산화능은 DPPH radical 소거능, 환원력 및 ABTS radical 소거능을 통하여 확인하였고, positive control와 유사하거나 다소 낮은 우수한 활성을 나타내었다. 또한, 동충하초 및 부추 혼합 물추출물을 LNCaP 및 RC-58T/h/SA#4 인체 전립선 암세포에 처리한 결과 1% 희석액부터 농도의존적으로 세포성장이 억제되는 경향이 나타났고, 형태학적 관찰에서도 농도의존적으로 세포의 형태학적 변화가 유도되는 것으로 확인되었다. 이상의 결과를 통하여 동충하초 및 부추 혼합 물추출물은 동충하초 단일추출물과 비교하여 항산화 및 암세포 성장 억제효능이 높은 것으로 나타나, 단일 추출물보다는 적합한 비율로 혼합한 추출물이 기능성음료를 제조할 때 높은 활성을 나타낼 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.209-224
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• 2023

This study aimed to identify the optimum level of supplementary feeds on the carcass traits and meat quality of Jamuna basin lambs. Forty selected lambs were divided into four treatments such as T₀ (no concentrate supplementation), T₁ (1% concentrate feed), T₂ (1.5% concentrate feed) and T₃ (2% concentrate feed) having ten lambs per treatment. The data were analyzed through Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with SAS software. Hot carcass, dressing percentage, head, leg, neck, loin, heart, and spleen weight were showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher values with increasing concentrate feed. The crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and ash values were significantly increased (p < 0.001) except T₂ treatment. The ultimate pH was significantly increased except T₂ and cooked pH was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) except T₃ treatment. Drip loss and cooking loss (CL) % had significantly reduced (p < 0.001) except T₃ treatment. The water holding capacity (WHC) % was significantly increased (p < 0.001) except T₃ treatment. The score of color, juiciness and tenderness were significantly different (p < 0.001). Flavor and overall acceptability score were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in different treatments. The color values L^* and b^* had significantly changed (p < 0.001) and a^* value was found significantly higher (p < 0.05) in all treatments. Hence, 12 months of aged lambs with 1.5% concentrate feed showed better performances on carcass, nutritional, physicochemical, sensory and instrumental color values to increase the carcass and the meat quality of lambs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.1268-1273
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• 2011

The present study was conducted to determine a feasible method of protein concentrate extraction from rice bran (RBPC) and its effect as a substitution for skim milk in early weaning pig diets. An investigation to extract protein concentrate from full fat rice bran was undertaken to determine the best ratio of water and rice bran, the amount of NaOH and a HCl solvent to use in a simple paddle-type mixer with modified spinning to produce RBPC. The results stated that the best ratio for water mixing in the RBPC extraction process was 1:5 with 20 g NaOH and 30 min in a paddle-type mixer at 300 rpm. A mix of 250 ml 0.2 N HCl was optimum for neutralization and protein precipitation. After the fluid was spun out with a washing machine, the sediment was left for 12-14 hours to complete the filtration. One kilogram of rice bran could produce an average of 324.5 gram RBPC and it contained 3.40% ash, 496.48 kcal of GE/100 gram, 1.94% crude fiber, 28.20% ether extract, 7.64% moisture and 16.66% crude protein, respectively. A total of 45 crossbred piglets, weaned at 3 weeks of age were allotted into control diet (A) and dietary treatments formulated with a four different rates of RBPC substitution for skim milk at a percentage of 25 (B), 50 (C), 77 (D) and 100 (E) respectively, in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. All piglets had free access to feed and water until 8 week of age when the experiment ended. Feed intake, average daily gain, growth rate and feed efficiency were not affected by dietary treatments. Blood test parameters after completion of the growth trial indicated normal health. Even though the mean of cell hemoglobin concentration was significantly different between treatments (p<0.05) it was still within the normal range. The cost difference for BW gain of 100% RBPC substituted for skim milk in the weaning diet was approximately 35% lower than that of the control and the relative cost of production was 96.67, 92.85, 70.75 and 64.48% lower for the replacement of 25, 50, 75 and 100% of skim milk respectively. These results implied that this technology is feasible for use by small scale farmers to improve their self-reliance.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.327-339
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• 2016

Nanofiltration is useful to concentrate propolis extract. During the selection of membrane, both compound rejection and permeate flux are important indicators of process economy. Brazilian green propolis extract was studied to evaluate the separation performance of Startmen 122 and NF270 membranes. Compared to Starmen 122, NF270 membrane showed better rejection of bioactive compounds. The flux decline patterns were further studied using Hermia's model. Cake formation is the major fouling mechanism on the hydrophobic surface of Starmen 122. While the fouling mechanism for NF270 is pore blocking. The fouled membranes were further characterized using SEM and FT-IR to confirm on the predicted fouling mechanisms.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2016

Tomato extract has been shown to exert antiplatelet activity in vitro and to change platelet function ex vivo, but with limitations. In this study, antiplatelet activity of water soluble tomato concentrate (Fruitflow I) and dry water soluble tomato concentrate (Fruitflow II) was investigated using rat platelets. Aggregation was induced by collagen and adenosine diphosphate and granule-secretion, $[Ca^{2+}]_i$, thromboxane B2, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels were examined. The activation of integrin ${\alpha}_{IIb}{\beta}_3$ and phosphorylation of signaling molecules, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K/Akt, were investigated by flow cytometry and immunoblotting, respectively. Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were examined. Moreover, in vivo thrombus weight was tested by an arteriovenous shunt model. Fruitflow I and Fruitflow II significantly inhibited agonist induced platelet aggregation, adenosine triphosphate and serotonin release, $[Ca^{2+}]_i$, and thromboxane B2 concentration, while having no effect on cAMP and cGMP levels. Integrin ${\alpha}_{IIb}{\beta}_3$ activation was also significantly decreased. Moreover, both concentrates reduced phosphorylation of MAPK pathway factors such as ERK, JNK, P38, and PI3K/Akt. In vivo thrombus formation was also inhibited. Taken together, these concentrates have the potential for ethnomedicinal applications to prevent cardiovascular ailments and can be used as functional foods.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2021

The study was conducted to identify the anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects in sprouts of mouse-eyed bean (Rhynchosia nulubilis), ginseng (Panax ginseng), perilla (Perilla frutescens), broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown with organic germanium concentrate. Western blot analysis was performed to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract. All extracts exhibited noticeable anti-oxidant activity, indicating a significant correlation between the germanium content and anti-oxidant activity (p<0.05). In particular, rat-eyed bean sprouts with the highest germanium content showed significant anti-inflammatory activity (p<0.05) by significantly inhibiting the expression of the inflammatory complexes, NLRP3, cytokines IL-1β and caspase-1. Ginseng and broccoli sprouts showed strong anti-cancer properties and had high anti-oxidant effects (p<0.001). Germanium-concentrated water allows the mass production of agricultural products containing high concentrations of organic germanium. Agricultural produce grown with germanium concentrate add organic germanium to various physiological active ingredients, increasing the anti-oxidant and anti-cancer effects. These results strongly suggest that agricultural products containing high germanium concentrations can be used as novel health supplements to improve health.