• Title/Summary/Keyword: water control

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The Effects of Water-based Exercise on Respiratory Function in Children with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy

  • Shin, Hwa-Kyung
    • The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.198-201
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: We investigated to evaluate the effectiveness of water-based exercise (WE) program on respiratory functions for children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: Fourteen children with spastic diplegic CP were randomly assigned, to either the experimental group (EG, n=7), or the control group (CG, n=7). Respiratory function was measured by a spirometer, a CardioTouch 3000S ( Bionet, Seoul, Korea) at a chair-sitting posture. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured. The intervention program will last 8 weeks, with three 40 minutes sessions per week (24 training session). The usual care and the addition of a WE program, were compared in the CG and EG, respectively. Results: The EG showed a significant increase in the FVC, FEV1, PEF after training (p<0.05), whereas there was no significant difference in the CP after training. In the EG, FVC increased significantly, compared to the control group (p<0.05), but not FEV and PEF. Conclusion: These findings suggest that WE program have an effect on the respiratory function in children with spastic diplegic CP.

Effect of ultrasonic irradiation on membrane fouling and membrane wetting in direct contact membrane distillation process (초음파 조사가 직접 접촉식 막증발 공정의 막오염과 막젖음에 미치는 영향)

  • Jang, Yongsun;Choi, Yongjun;Lee, Sangho
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.343-350
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    • 2016
  • Membrane distillation (MD) is a novel separation process that have drawn attention as an affordable alternative to conventional desalination processes. However, membrane fouling and pore wetting are issues to be addressed prior to widespread application of MD. In this study, the influence of ultrasonic irradiation on fouling and wetting of MD membranes was investigated for better understanding of the MD process. Experiments were carried out using a direct contact membrane distillation apparatus Colloidal silica was used as a model foulants in a synthetic seawater (35,000 mg/L NaCl solution). A vibrator was directed attached to membrane module to generate ultrasonic waves from 25 kHz (the highest energy) to 75 kHz (the lowest energy). Flux and TDS for the distillate water were continuously monitored. Results suggested that ultrasonic irradiation is effective to retard flux decline due to fouling only in the early stage of the MD operation. Moreover, wetting occurred by a long-term application of ultrasonic rradiation at 75 kHz. These results suggest that the conditions for ultrasonic irradiation should be carefully optimized to maximize fouling control and minimize pore wetting.

Development of a Air-jet Water Sprayer for Dust Generation Control in the Production Sites of Gloves Making Plants (장갑공장의 분진발생 억제를 위한 에어젯 노즐의 개발)

  • Kim, Jin-Hyun;Choi, Hyun-kuk;Kim, Ki-Dong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.69-78
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    • 2009
  • Dust in the fabric production sites is increased by the static electricity in air which is generated in the manufacturing process. The static electricity is shown in inverse proportion to humidity of the production sites. The optimum humidity rate for the filament in the production process has been established as 65~75%. Where as, average humidity rate of production site is estimated as 40%. Therefore, it is necessary to raise the humidity rate by 30% to maintain appropriate humidity to control generation of static electricity and dust in the production sites. In this study, a new air-jet water sprayer was developed and it can produce $10{\mu}m$ sprayed particles. When the air-jet water sprayer was operated on the production site dust generation rate was shown far below the environmental standard. It is assumed that when the air jet sprayers was applied to 1,000 fabric machines of 5 gloves making plants, its productivity and rates of operation will be improved by value of about 2.5 billion Won a year.

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Effects of Hydrophilic Treatment by IAR Method on the Packing Characteristic Value (이온 보조 반응법에 의한 친수성 처리가 충전재 특성값에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Jin-Ho;Choe, Chung-Hyeon;Gang, Byeong-Ha;Lee, Jae-Heon
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.554-560
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    • 2001
  • Hydrophilic treatment of the packing materials in a cooling tower has been made by the ion assisted reaction (IAR) method to increase the wettability of the packing materials. The effects of hydrophilic treatment of packing materials on the performance of a cooling tower have been investigated in a wide range of operating parameters, such as water flow rate, air flow rate, and the water inlet temperature. A pilot cooling tower has been designed and built to model a counter-flow cooling tower. The results obtained indicate that the packing characteristic value with hydrophilic packing could be substantially increased by 6∼19.3% than that with conventional packing in the operating ranges considered. The correlations of the packing characteristic value as a function of water-to-air ratio are suggested for a counter-flow cooling tower with hydrophilic packing as well as with conventional packing.

Optimization of Wet Noodle with Onion Juice using Response Surface Methodology (양파즙 첨가 생면의 최적화)

  • Shin, Weon-Sun;Shin, Eun-Soo;Lyu, Eun-Soon
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.31-38
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    • 2009
  • The noodle is one of the most popular meal as a main dish in Korea and onions are reported to contain high levels of flavonoids such as quercetin, aglycone, and quercetin 4-glycoside. This study was conducted to develop the wet noodle with onion juice and to examine the cooking quality, textural properties of it. Five sensory attributes such as gloss, chewiness, adhesiveness, odor, and taste were used for sensory evaluations. Optimal amount of onion(149.5 g) and salt (6.5 g) satisfied target sensory score(7.0) was suggested by response surface methodology. The wet noodle with optimal amount of onion juice and salt was tasted by 100 consumer and showed high score(6.67) in overall acceptability. Cooking quality was measured through absorption of water, volume, degree of turbidity. The volume, water absorption, and cooking water turbidity of cooked wet noodle with onion juice(experimental noodle) were significantly(p<0.01) higher than the control one. Texture profile analysis of experimental noodle showed a lower score of hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, and chewiness. However, it appeared that the experimental noodle showed higher score for cohesiveness than the control noodle.

A Study on the Biological Treatment of Acid Pickling Wastewater Containing a High Concentration of Nitrate Nitrogen (고농도 질산성 질소를 함유한 산세폐수의 생물학적 처리에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Sang Jin;Lee, Sang Houck
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.253-261
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    • 2015
  • The purpose of this study is the efficient biological treatment of highly concentrated nitrate nitrogen by calcium ion control present within the pickling wastewater. In laboratory scale's experiments research was performed using a sequencing batch reactor and the evaluation of denitrification reaction in accordance with the injection condition of calcium ions, the surface properties of microorganisms, and the evaluation of sludge precipitability were performed. Results of the study showed that the denitrification reaction was delayed when injecting more than 600 mg/L of the calcium ion within the denitrification process. In addition, we observed the absorption form of calcium ions absorbed on the surface of microorganisms following an increase in the calcium ion dose. It was found that as the calcium ion dose increased the sludge precipitability also increased continuously and it is judged that a smooth denitrification induction is possible when treating the nitrate nitrogen by the calcium ion control of pickling waste water and the shortening of precipitation time enables a liquid operation to increase the reaction time.

Comparison of Characteristics of Nonpoint Source Pollution from Separate and Combined Sewer System (합류식 월류수와 분류식 우수유출수의 비점오염물질 유출특성 비교)

  • Shin, Min Hwan;Jeon, Ji-Hong
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.97-106
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    • 2017
  • In this study, the characteristics of nonpoint source pollutant loads from separate sewer overflow (SSO) and combined sewer overflow (CSO) were evaluated during 2016 in Namyangju city, Korea. Five rainfall events were monitored during 2016 with ranging from 14.5 mm to 121.5 mm. The runoff ratio of CSO was higher than that of SSO because only design volume of maximum sanitary sewer ($1Q_h$) was transported and treated and $2Q_h$ was overflowed to waterbody during rainy day although combined sewer system was designed to transport $3Q_h$ to treatment system. The event mean concentrations (EMCs) and pollutant loads from CSO were higher than those from SSO. BOD and COD of CSO, and TOC and TN of SSO represented distinct first flush phenomena. The inadequate management in combined sewer system from which the untreated $2Q_h$ from CSO was overflowed to waterbody during rainy day could influence on high pollutant loads and first flushing. Treating $2Q_h$ from CSO, source control such as low impact development, and treating outflow from SSO were strongly recommended to control non-point source pollution in urban area.

Investigating Ephemeral Gully Erosion Heads Due To Overland Flow Concentration in Nonpoint Source Pollution Control (비점오염원 관리에서 지표수 집중화로 인한 구강 침식점 조사 방법 연구)

  • Kim, Ik-Jae;Son, Kyong-Ho
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2007.05a
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    • pp.454-458
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    • 2007
  • Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is a serious problem causing the degradation of soil and water quality. Concentrated overland flow is the primary transport mechanism for a large amount of NPS pollutants from hillslope areas to downslope areas in a watershed. In this study, a soil erosion model, nLS model, to identify transitional overland flow regions (i.e., ephemeral gully head areas) was developed using the kinematic wave overland flow theory. Spatial data, including digital elevation models (DEMs), soil, and landcover, were used in the GIS-based model algorithm. The model was calibrated and validated using gully head locations in a large agricultural watershed, which were identified using 1-m aerial photography. The model performance was better than two previous approaches; the overall accuracy of the nLS model was 72 % to 87 % in one calibration subwatershed and the mean overall accuracy was 75 to 89 % in four validation subwatersheds, showing that the model well predicted potential transitional erosion areas at different watersheds. However, the user accuracy in calibration and validation was still low. To improve the user accuracy and study the effects of DEM resolution, finer resolution DEMs may be preferred because DEM grid is strongly sensitive to estimating model parameters. Information gained from this study can improve assessing soil erosion process due to concentrated overland flow as well as analyze the effect of microtopographic landscapes, such as riparian buffer areas, in NPS control.

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The Effects of Life Style Modification on Constipation of the Older Adults at a Geriatric Hospital (생활습관 중재가 요양병원 입원 노인의 변비에 미치는 효과)

  • Kang, Ho-Suk;Kim, Inja
    • The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.52-60
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    • 2017
  • Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of lifestyle modifications on the constipation relief, the time required to see the effects, and the effective lifestyles for constipation in older adults admitted to a geriatric hospital. Methods: Nonequivalent control group pre-post test design was used. The subjects consisted of 25 elderly in the control group and 23 in the experimental group. Constipation was measured with symptoms of constipation, number of bowel movement and use of laxatives. Life style modification consisted of drinking water before breakfast, having a breakfast, scheduled toileting after breakfast and walking everyday for 3 weeks. Results: Symptoms of constipation (t=2.23, p=.030) and number of bowel movement per week (t=-2.55, p=.014) were significantly different between two groups after 3 weeks. Drinking water, scheduled toileting and walking might contribute to the results. Conclusion: Lifestyle modification was effective on constipation in older adults admitted to a geriatric hospital. However, the effects were produced after 3 weeks. Nevertheless, it is recommended that nurses continuously encourage older adults for drinking water, regular trying for bowel movement and walking to relieve constipation, since the lifestyle modification does not need any special education and skill.

The Effect of External Medium on Serum Protein of Fresh Water Fish(I) (담수산어류의 혈청단백질에 미치는 환경수의 영향(I))

  • 이용억;김익태
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.28-32
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    • 1965
  • It is well known that many kinds of chemical or metalic agent which were ionized or undissociated at toxified external medium and remarkable effect occurred to the fresh water fish. The effects of hydrogen ion concentration on serum protein of fresh water fish, (phycephalus argus CANTOR) had not been reported yet. In this point, authors attempted to study the changes of A/G ratio, total protein, hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC , liver and kidney weight of snake head in the above environment. 95 snake heads were subjected to external medium with PH-4.5 and A/G ratio, hematocrit, hemoglobin, total protein, RBC, and liver & kidney weight were measured at 32.80, 15202000 and 272 hours respectively. In whole experimental period, L 1 and L2 globulin increased, on the other, albumin decreased as compare with control . Hence, the A/G ratio decreased remarkably . Though, total protein increased prominently through the whole experimental period, hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBC, increased only at 80 hours, and then decreased as compared to the control. Liver weight revealed distinctive increase at 80 hours, but no remarkable change could be seen there after. Hence, kidney weight revealed continuous rise. By these results, it may be said that as snake head were subjected to external medium with PH-4.5, this environmental factor influenced protein metabolism , blood component and organs.

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