• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.15-21
• /
• 2021

Donggwaja (Benincasae Semen), the seed of Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn., has been used in Korean traditional medicine to control the body heat and water retention caused by various diseases. Both the symptoms targeted by the herbal medicine in clinic and studies with disease mouse models support the potential anti-inflammatory effect of Donggwaja. However, it is less understood how Donggwaja exerts its possible anti-inflammatory effect. Here, we present evidence that Donggwaja suppresses macrophage inflammatory reactions via expressing tumor necrosis factor a-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3 or A20) and suppressing NF-kB activity. The ethanol extract of Donggwaja (EED) showed no toxicity when added to RAW 264.7 cells less than 100mg/ml. When treating the cells for 16 h, EED significantly suppressed the nuclear localization of NF-kB, suggesting that EED suppresses NF-kB activity. Concordantly, a semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that EED decreased the expression of prototypic pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, IL(interleukin)-6, and IL-1b. EED induced in RAW 264.7 cells the expression of A20, a ubiquitin modulator that suppresses inflammatory signaling cascades initiated from TLR4 and TNF and IL-1 receptors, while not affecting the induction of Nrf2, an anti-inflammatory factor that could suppress the effect of NF-kB. These results suggest that EED exerts its suppressive effect on inflammation, at least in part, by expressing anti-inflammatory factor A20 and suppressing pro-inflammatory factor NF-kB activity.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.5-15
• /
• 2021

The areas consisting of frost susceptible soils in cold regions, such as the Arctic area, have problems of frost heave and thaw settlement due to the seasonal air temperature changes and internal temperature of installed structures. Ground stabilization methods for preventing frost heave and thaw settlement of frost susceptible soils include trenching, backfilling and thermo-syphon. The thermo-syphon is the method in which refrigerant can control the ground temperature by transferring the ground temperature to atmosphere in the from of two-phase flow through the heat circulation of the internal refrigerant. This numerical study applied the function of these thermo-syphon as the boundary condition through user-subroutine coding inside ABAQUS and compared and analyzed the temperature results of laboratory experiments.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.494-500
• /
• 2020

Maneuvering vessels in the harbor is an interesting problem in marine cybernetics. The vessel, operated by the pilot and moving very slowly in shallow water, usually is assisted by thrusters, the main propulsion system, and tugboats. In this paper, we suggest a new vessel berthing technique using dampers (cylinder-type fenders) and a system of winches for complex and dangerous berthing situations. We found that control of the fender stroke and rope tension enabled a safe and quick berthing process. The effectiveness and usefulness of this berthing system was verified using a ship of about 2,000 tons.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.160-172
• /
• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Nutritional status and food intake during pregnancy and lactation can affect fetal programming. In the current metabolic syndrome epidemic, high-fructose diets have been strongly implicated. This study investigated the effect of maternal high-fructose intake during pregnancy and lactation on the development of metabolic syndrome in adult offspring. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Drinking water with or without 20% fructose was administered to female C57BL/6J mice over the course of their pregnancy and lactation periods. After weaning, pups ate regular chow. Accu-Chek Performa was used to measure glucose levels, and a tail-cuff method was used to examine systolic blood pressure. Animals were sacrificed at 7 months, their livers were excised, and sections were stained with Oil Red O and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Kidneys were collected for gene expression analysis using quantitative real-time Polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Adult offspring exposed to maternal high-fructose intake during pregnancy and lactation presented with heavier body weights, fattier livers, and broader areas under the curve in glucose tolerance test values than control offspring. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure in the maternal high-fructose group were higher than that in controls. However, there were no significant differences in mRNA expressions of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system genes and sodium transporter genes. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that maternal high-fructose intake during pregnancy and lactation induces metabolic syndrome with hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia in adult offspring.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.177-184
• /
• 2020

In an attempt to find a feed additive showing an anti-scuticociliate effect, extracts from Citrus unshiu Peel were tested against virulent scuticociliate infection. The most effective anti-scuticociliate killing activity in vitro was observed in the extract squeezed from homogenizing water-soaked dried tangerine peel (DTP). In addition, we have investigated the effect of DTP as a feed additive on growth rate and anti-parasitic activity of olivaceus flounder. DTP extract added diets (0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5%/feed weight) were fed to flounder for 7 days for checking a growth rate and 14 days for a challenging test. As a result, the feed conversion rate was significantly improved only in 1% DPT extract group compared to the control and 0.5% DTP extract fed group showed 100% of survival rate in the challenge test, all of which indicating that DTP extract would be a potential feed additive against scuticociliatosis.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.241-252
• /
• 2021

An experimental program was conducted to investigate the fresh properties, mechanical properties and durability characteristics of the self-compacting mortars (SCM) produced with pumice powder and Artificial Lightweight Fine Aggregate (aLWFA). aLWFA was produced by using fly ash. A total of 16 different mixtures were designed with a constant water-binder ratio of 0.37, in which natural sands were partially replaced with aLWFA and pumice powder at different volume fractions of 5%, 10% and 15%. The artificial lightweight aggregates used in this study were manufactured through cold bonding pelletisation of 90% of class-F fly ash and 10% of Portland cement in a tilted pan with an ambient temperature and moisture content. Flowability tests were conducted on the fresh mortar mixtures beforehand, to determine the self-compacting characteristics on the basis of EFNARC. To determine the conformity of the fresh mortar characteristics with the standards, mini-slump and mini-V-funnel tests were carried out. Hardened state tests were conducted after 7, 28 and 56 days to determine the flexural strength and axial compressive strength respectively. Durability, sorptivity, permeability and density tests were conducted at the end of 28 days of curing time. The test results showed that the pumice powder replacement improved both the fresh state and the hardened state characteristics of the mortar and the optimum mixture ratio was determined as 15%, considering other studies in the literature. In the aLWFA mixtures used, the mechanical and durability characteristics of the modified compositions were very close to the control mixture. It is concluded in this study that mixtures with pumice powder replacement eliminated the negative effects of the aLWFA in the mortars and made a positive contribution.

• Journal of Powder Materials
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.259-266
• /
• 2021

The (Ga_1-xZn_x)(N_1-xO_x) solid solution is attracting extensive attention for photocatalytic water splitting and wastewater treatment owing to its narrow and controllable band gap. To optimize the photocatalytic performance of the solid solution, the key points are to decrease its band gap and recombination rate. In this study, (Ga_1-xZn_x)(N_1-xO_x) nanofibers with various Zn fractions are prepared by electrospinning followed by calcination and nitridation. The effect of the composition and crystallinity of electrospun oxide nanofibers on the morphology and optical properties of the obtained solid-solution nanofibers are systematically investigated. The results show that the final shape of the (Ga_1-xZn_x) (N_1-xO_x) material is greatly affected by the crystallinity of the oxide nanofibers before nitridation. The photocatalytic properties of (Ga_1-xZn_x)(N_1-xO_x) with different Ga:Zn atomic ratios are investigated by studying the degradation of rhodamine B under visible light irradiation.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.41 no.5
• /
• pp.869-882
• /
• 2021

Sodium chloride (NaCl) replacement with calcium chloride (CaCl₂) effect on protein solubility, proteolytic enzyme and quality characteristics of a chicken soup prepared from spent hen (SH) chicken were investigated. By means of immerse marination prior to cooking, a total of 60 skinless SH breast meat were randomly allocated into ten groups admitted to treatments with marinade solution containing sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and reduced percentage of NaCl with CaCl₂ at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% at 4±2℃ for 20 h. STPP was adjusted to 0.5% for all treatments and NaCl replacement at 0% was used as control. The different methods, particularly boiling at 100℃ and retorting at 121℃, 1.5 kgf/cm² for 60 minutes, were applied following marination. An upregulation of cathepsin-B and caspase-3 enzymes were a consequences from a higher percentage of CaCl₂ within meat environment. Accordingly, modified the protein solubility in particular the myofibrillar and total protein solubility. In addition, a significant increase in water holding capacity (WHC), pH value, myofibril fragmentation index (MFI), and moisture content was obtained due to salt replacement (p<0.05). Limited effect was observed for shear force value, collagen content and cooking yield. Eventually, this study implied that although protelytic enzyme and protein solubility was upregulated by the replacement of NaCl with CaCl₂ at >75%, extensive effect on texture properties was not observed. Therefore, NaCl replacement at 75% could be a promising strategy for quality improvement of SH chicken soup.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.1263-1270
• /
• 2021

Recently, in the food culture life, the trend of consumers cooking is changing, and the use rate of induction cookware is increasing. Therefore, in this study, we propose the development of a functional auxiliary device to improve the safety of induction cookware to improve the convenience of cooking according to the increase in the cooking population. The proposed device is linked with IoT through the app. Through the app, the device can control the induction heating power adjustment and time reservation. In addition, an ultrasonic sensor is used to prevent the container from overflowing during cooking, and the user can safely use induction through the fine dust sensor. The implemented device conducts research assuming the actual cooking situation. Finally, it was confirmed that the user's fatigue was reduced during cooking through the device and the user's safety was improved in emergency situations such as overcooking or overflowing of water.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.35 no.7
• /
• pp.1100-1108
• /
• 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of waste cooking oil (WCO) addition on ammonia (NH₃) emissions during the composting of dairy cattle manure under two aeration conditions. Methods: The composting tests were conducted using the laboratory-scale composting apparatuses (14 L of inner volume). Three composting treatments (Control, WCO1.5, and WCO3, with WCO added at 0 wt%, 1.5 wt%, and 3 wt% of manure, respectively) were performed in two composting tests: aeration rate during composting was changed from 0.55 to 0.45 L/min in Test 1, and fixed at 0.3 L/min in Test 2, respectively. The NH₃ emitted and nitrogen losses during the composting were analyzed, and the effect of the addition of WCO on NH₃ emissions were evaluated. Results: Both tests indicated that the composting mixture temperature increased while the weight and water content decreased with increasing WCO content of the composting mixtures. On the other hand, the NH₃ emissions and nitrogen loss trends observed during composting in Tests 1 and 2 were different from each other. In Test 1, NH₃ emissions and nitrogen losses during composting increased with increasing WCO contents of the composting samples. Conversely, in Test 2, they decreased as the WCO contents of the samples increased. Conclusion: The WCO addition showed different effect on NH₃ emissions during composting under two aeration conditions: the increase in WCO addition ratio increased the emissions under the higher aeration rate in Test 1, and it decreased the emissions under the lower aeration rate in Test 2. To obtain reduction of NH₃ emissions by adding WCO with the addition ratio ≤3 wt% of the manure, aeration should be considered.