• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.20-25
• /
• 1989

This study was carried out in order to investigate the treatment effect of PEG soln which is a common dimensional stabilizer to green log. sawing panel etc, on bonding product including plywood widely-used in secondary processing unit. The 30% concentration of aqueous PEG soln. with molecular weight of 400, 1.000 and 4,000 were prepared respectively, and also dipping the veneer in the PEG soln. spreading the PEG soln. on veneer and mixing the PEG soln. in the adhesive were allowed. Then the ratio of PEG impregnation on veneer, the adhesive strength of plywood were epitomized as follows: The ratio of impregnation by PEG 4,000 at dipping condition was highest. while that by PEG 400 at same condition was lowest. However, the effect of PEG molecular weight on the ratio of impregnation at spreading condition did not occur. 2. The adhesive strength was great in the order of 4,000>400>1,000 in molecular weight of PEG at dipping and spreading conditions. In case of mixing the PEG soln. in the adhesive, the adhesive strength was great in the order of 400>1,000>4,000 in molecular weight of PEG. Throughout three treatment conditions, PEG 400 was relatively favourable with about 10kg/$cm^2$ dry strength. 3. The adhesive strength was great 10 the order of spreading >dipping >mixing condition. 4. Although adhesive strength with the 30% concentration of aqueous PEG soln. was decreased by 35% and over, compared to control (non-treatment) adhesive strength, all types of PEG treatment except mixing the PEG soln. in the adhesive exceeded the standard dry strength for common use panel. 7.5kg/$cm^2$. 5. In warm water-proof test, the adhesive strengths by all PEG treatment conditions were less than the standard wet strength, 7.5kg cot, and also delamination of glue line occured mostly in mixing in the PEG soln. in the adhesive condition.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.24 no.9
• /
• pp.1318-1328
• /
• 2011

The tropics is not an ideal location for calf rearing as the high temperatures and humidities introduce many potential disease problems to milk fed calves. In addition, the type of dairy farming (generally poorly resourced small holder farming) and the general lack of awareness of the long term implications of poorly reared stock do not encourage farmers to pay close attention to their calf and heifer rearing systems. Surveys of calf rearing systems in Asia, tropical Africa and South America highlight the high calf and heifer mortalities. A range of 15 to 25% pre-weaning calf mortality is typical on many tropical dairy farms. It is often as high as 50%, indicating very poor calf management. This contrasts with US findings of less than 8% mortality from birth to 6 months while surveys of Australian farmers report only 3% losses. Simple extension programs on farms in Sri Lanka and Kenya have drastically reduced calf mortalities and improved pre-weaning growth rates. Improved management strategies leading to lower calving intervals, higher calving rates, reduced still born and pre-weaned calf mortalities and fewer non pregnant heifers can supply many more dairy herd replacements than currently occurs. Such strategies can increase the number of replacement heifer calves in the herd from 15 to over 35%, thus allowing farmers to increase their herd sizes through natural increases. Simple management procedures such as ensuring adequate intake of good quality colostrum within the first 12 hours of life, housing and good hygiene to minimise disease transfer, providing clean drinking water, developing appropriate feeding protocols to encourage early rumen development and paying closer attention to climate control and animal health can all lead to improved calf vigour and performance. Good record keeping is also important so farmers can more easily identify susceptible calves and quickly treat potential problems.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.803-808
• /
• 2010

Poly-${\gamma}$-glutamic acid (${\gamma}$-PGA) is a natural edible polypeptide in which glutamate is polymerized via ${\gamma}$-amide linkages. First, we assessed the eye irritancy potential of ${\gamma}$-PGA in rabbits. Additionally, we studied the effects of ${\gamma}$-PGA on corneal wound healing, due to the anti-inflammatory properties and water retaining abilities of ${\gamma}$-PGA. In this study, the effects of ${\gamma}$-PGA on corneal wound healing after an alkali burn were evaluated. Thirty eyes wounded by alkali burning in 30 white rabbits were divided into three groups: group A was treated with 0.1% 5,000 kDa ${\gamma}$-PGA for 2 days; group B was treated with 0.1% hyaluronic acid; and group C was not treated, as a control. The area of corneal epithelial defect was examined at 12, 24, 30, 36, 42, and 48 h after corneal alkali wounding to determine initial wound healing. We found that ${\gamma}$-PGA promoted corneal wound healing, compared with controls, and showed similar effects to hyaluronic acid. These results indicate that ${\gamma}$-PGA stimulates corneal wound healing by an anti-inflammatory effect and enhancing cell migration and cell proliferation. ${\gamma}$-PGA is a promising biomaterial that may be a substitute for hyaluronic acid in corneal wound healing treatment.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.219-223
• /
• 1991

Effects of media and low temperature on germination of weeds were examined to get basic information for establishing weed control methods. Soil and agar(0.4%) was good media for germination of weeds at laboratory. Germination was improved by placing weed seeds at 5$^{\circ}C$ low temperature for 10-20 days. Germination was improved by storing weed seeds in water absorbed gauge and in vinylbag at 5$^{\circ}C$ low temperature for 30-40 days. Germination was increased by burial of weed seeds at 10cm of soil depth for 30-60 days.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.268-276
• /
• 1993

Coffee is known to increase pancreatic secretion of digestive enzymes. The mutagen, aflatoxin B1(AFB1) is contained in fermented foods and known to increase the specific activities of pancreatic chymotrypsin, trypsi, amylase, and lipase. Nowadays, coffee intake is increased among Koreans who have consumed relatively high amount of traditional fermented foods. Therefore, this study was performed to examine the effect of coffee and AFB1 on pancreatic exocrine function and structure. Rats were divided into 10 experimental groups. The first five groups were W(control group), LD(0.2g decaffeinated coffee/Kg B.W), HD(3g decaffeinated coffee/Kg B.W), LC(0.2g coffee/Kg B.W), and HC(3g coffee/Kg B.W). The second five groups were WA, LDA, HDA, LCA, HCA, same as first five groups in caffieine level but treated with AFB1. The result of this experiment showed that the caffeine intake did not influence significantly on the growth and feed efficiency. But water intake was increased by caffeine intake and AFB1 treatment. The weights of pancreas and liver were increased as the caffeine intake was increased. Trypsin activities were tend to increase in concentrated coffee groups(HD, HC). AFB1 treated groups showed the higher trypsin level than the AFB1 untreated groups. Amylase activities were tend to increase in concentrated coffee groups(HD, HC) of AFB1 untreated animals. AFB1 treated did not show the additional effect on the stimulated amylase secretion by coffee. Lipase activities were tend to decrease in concentrated coffee groups(HD, HC) of AFB1 untreated animals. Lipase activities were increased in the order named WA group, coffee groups, decaffeinated coffee groups in AFB1 treated animals. AFB1 treated groups showed the higher lipase level than AFB1 untreated groups. In the histologic observation of pancreas HCA group showed more dense compound tubuloalveolar glands and proliferation of nuclei than normal. The result suggested a development of a atypia which is ongoing phase to a cancer.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.293-299
• /
• 1998

The effects of Buthus martensi Karsch (BMK) on natural killer (NK) cell activity in mouse spleen were studied. Water extracted solution of BMK was orally administrated to Balb/c mice for 2 weeks. Among splenic cells, T cell fractions were separated by Nylon wool column. Furthermore, NK cell purification was performed 4.5% percoll gradients methods. The cytotoxcity of NK cell to K562 cell was determined by lactic acid dehydrogenase and $[^3H]-thymidine $ incorporation methods. And the cytotoxicity of effector cell was most effectively induced in a ration of 50:1 (effector/target cell). As a result, cytotoxicity of NK cells was significantly increased compared with control group both in vivo and in vitro systems. The similar cytotoxic effect was shown in $[^3H]-thymidine $ incorporation methods. This suggests that when BMK is administrated to mice with malignant tumors, an increase in NK cell activity may occur and affect K562 tumor cells.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.67-71
• /
• 1997

This experiment was conducted to test the allelopatic activity on germination and early seedling growth of weed species by barley and sorghum plants residues. The fresh barley extraction inhibited the germination and early seedling growth of weeds, Echinochloa crus-galli, Sataria viridis, and P. oleracea. As the extract concentration increased, the germination and early seedling growth of weeds was significantly inhibited. The water extraction of dried barley and sorghum residues also ehibited the strong inhibition effect on germination and Barley seedling growth of weeds. Digitaria sanguinalis, Siegesbechia pubescens, Sectaria viridis, P. oleracea, E. crus-galli. In the dried barley and sorghum residues mixture into the vermiculite, as the dried residue concentration ncreased, emergence percentage, length of shoot and root of weeds, D. saguinalis, S. viridis, S. pubescens, Ammaranthus lividus, and Solanum nigrum, was significantly inhibited. More than 10% concentration of dired residue caused 80% emergence percentage and growth inhibition. From this study, we conclude that barley and sorghym weeds. These results suggest that barley and sorghum has some possibility to control some weed species like natural herbicide.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.16-27
• /
• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate effects of Allii tuberosi Semen, Ginseng Radix Alba and Morindae officinalis Radix extract on reproductive capacities in mice. Methods: The 8-week-old ICR rats are used in the study, and we administered the extract solution of Allii tuberosi Semen, Ginseng Radix Alba and Morindae officinalis Radix concentration of 1, 10, 100mg/0.3ml to each rats and water to another rats(control group) once a day for each 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. we evaluated the total sperm count and morphology. Results: For 30 days, the total sperm count and normal sperm most increased in the group administered by 100mg/0.3ml Allii tuberosi Semen. For 60 days, the total sperm count and normal sperm most increased in the group administered by 100mg/0.3ml Morindae officinalis Radix solutions. For 90 days, the total sperm count most increased in the group asministered by 10mg/0.3ml Morindae officinalis Radix and 100mg/0.3ml Allii tuberosi Semen solutions. For 120 days, the total sperm count and normal sperm most increased in the group administered by l0mg/0.3ml Ginseng Radix Alba. Conclusion: This study shows that there were dose and duration effects of Allii tuberosi Semen, Ginseng Radix Alba and Morindae officinalis Radix extract solution on the total sperm count and morphology.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.107-116
• /
• 2003

The effects of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae extract were tested for the anti-stress action. 100g of crude drug of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae was extracted with pure water and the total extractive was evaporated under reduced pressure to give 10.7g. ICR male mice($20{\pm}2g$) were fed orally with the dose of 100mg/kg/day for five days. Foot shock was given to make experimental environment of physiological stress. Foot shock mice were placed individually in the foot shock compartments and sociopsychological mice were placed nonfoot shock compartment-the side of foot shock compartments. Mice were exposed to sociopsychological stress by restraining and seeing foot shock stressed mice for one hour for five days. Semen Ziziphi Spinosae extract administered group showed a significant decrease of serum corticosterone secretion compared with control group. Noradrenaline secretions in the dorsal cortex of brain were increased but not significant. Lipid peroxidation of the liver of mice were tested by measuring malondialdehyde, and Semen Ziziphi Spinosae extract had tendency of decreasing lipid peroxidation but not significant. But Semen Ziziphi Spinosae extract administration had the effect of decreasing serum level of aspartate aminotransferase and malondialdehyde. These results suggest that Semen Ziziphi Spinosae extract can effectively rid the sociopsychological stress and stress concerned diseases.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.253-264
• /
• 1990

The growth responses of a variety of human intestinal bacteria to extracts of Panax ginseng and five other oriental medicinal Araliaceae were elraluattd in vitro and in vivo. The extracts enhanced the growth of Brifidobnnerilrm breve and B. longlim in media with or without carbon sources, suggesting that bifidus factors) might be involved in the phenomenon. This effect was most pronounced with water extract of P. ginseng, the growth of 27 bifidobacteria strains belonging to B adolescentis, B. longum, B. brim and B. infantis being greatly stimurated, whereas seven B. bifidum strains and other bacteria such as clostridia and Escherichin soli had little or no ability to utilise it for growth. Methanol extracts of p. ginseng were found to selectively inhibit growth of various clostridia including bifidobacteria. Paraputrificum, but this effect was not observed on other bacteria including bifidobacteria. The effect of ginseng extract intake (600 mg/day for two weeks) on the faecal microflora, pH, volatile fatty acids, ammonia, putrefactive products, and -glucuronidase, -glucosidase and nitroreductase activities, and on the blood components (triglyceride, total cholesterol and ammonia) were investigated using seven healthy human volunteers. The total concentration of faecal microflora including Bifidnkaderiifm app. during the period of ginseng extract intake %twas significantly unaffected from the preceding and subsequent control peroids. However, the frequency of occurrence of subjects having C. perfringens was significantly decreased. The faecal pH value was also significantly decreased, suggesting that the intake might increase the activity of Bifidobncterium spry. Other biochemical properties in faeces did not changed significantly. The levels of ammonia and triglycerid in blood were decreased with ginseng extract intake. These results may be an indication of at least one of the Pharmacological actions of p. ginseng as an adaptogen.