• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.75-79
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• 2006

연안해역의 수질특성 및 일차생산 증가 메커니즘을 이해하는 데에 기초 자료로 활용하기 위하여, 많은 양의 담수 유입 후 규조류가 대량 번식한 상태와 담수가 유입되지 않고 적조가 발생하지 않은 상태의 해수의 수질특성을 조사차였으며 그 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 1) 호우로 많은 양의 담수가 유입된 해역에서 규조류인 Skeletonema costatum와 Thalassiosira spp.가 각각 $1,200{\sim}5,000cells/mL,\;750{\sim}1,200cells/mL$의 농도로 관찰되었다. 2) 규조류가 대량으로 증식하지 않은 곳보다 규조류가 대량으로 증식한 곳에서 수온, PH, 용존산소농도가 높게 조사되어, 두 곳 사이의 거리가 20m 정도에 불과함에도 불구하고 두 곳의 수질특성 차이는 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 3) 규조류가 대량으로 증식하지 않은 곳보다 규조류가 대량으로 증식한 곳에서 질소 인, 규소의 농도가 낮게 조사되어, 호우로 질소, 인, 규소보다는 규조류가 증식하기 위해 필요한 미량원소가 육지로부터 풍부하게 유입된 것으로 보인다. DIN/DIP, $DIN/SiO_2-Si$ 비는 모두 규조류가 대량 증식한 정점과 그렇지 않은 정점간의 뚜렷한 차이는 없었다.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.130-136
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• 2016

본 논문에서 제안하는 실시간 해양 이상조류 모니터링 시스템은 직접적으로 적 녹조의 주원인인 플랑크톤을 감지하는 것이 아니라 적조의 동물성 플랑크톤 특성인 수중 내의 산소 감소를 체크하고, 녹조의 식물성 플랑크톤 특성인 수중 내의 질소 감소를 측정한다. 각각의 특성 체크 및 간접적 요소인 수중 내외의 온도, 조도 센서를 이용하여 실시간 감시하는 모듈을 만들고 모듈은 특정 주기에 맞게 신호를 서버로 전송하여 데이터베이스를 형성하고, 이렇게 수집된 데이터는 해양수산청 적 녹조 기준 데이터와 비교 하여 분석하여 알맞은 형태의 정보로 가공한 뒤 사용자에게 정보를 시각화 하여 제공한다. 기존의 광역적 감지 및 감시 시스템이 아닌 지역적 특성을 갖게 되는, 어업을 하지 않는 시간에도 빠르게 대처 가능한 개인사업 맞춤형 양식장 적 녹조 감시 시스템을 제안하였다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.329-339
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• 2012

한반도 동해안에 분포하는 대표적인 석호중의 하나인 화진포호에서 2010년 봄철(4~6월)에 돌말 Skeletonema costatum가 대발생하였다. 본 연구는 대발생기와 소멸기 동안 저수지의 식물플랑크톤 군집의 특성을 파악하고 수질을 근거로 하는 호수의 영양지수를 산출하여 수질을 평가하였다. 분석결과 국내에서 가장 높은 세포밀도($>10^5$ cells $mL^{-1}$)를 보였으며, 수온은 $20^{\circ}C$ 전후였으나 더 높았던 여름철(7월 이후)에는 소멸하였다. 저수지의 수질은 높은 염분도, BOD, COD, 인산염, 낮은 N/P비, 투명도 등으로 부영양~과영양 상태로 나타났다. 식물플랑크톤 군집은 돌말류가 높은 세포밀도를 보인 조류발생기 동안에는 높은 우점도와 낮은 다양도를 보였으며, 소멸기에는 다시 회복되는 특성을 나타냈다. 결국 2010년 화진포호의 Skeletonema costatum 대발생은 봄철 가뭄이 장기간 진행되고 하천수의 유입이 감소함으로써 비롯된 것으로 판단되며 매년 반복될 가능성을 시사해 주었다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume I
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• pp.483-486
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• 2006

The study describes the monitoring of the Bay of Bengal as a ballast water exchangeable sea using MODIS/Aqua-derived diffuse attenuation coefficient (K(490)) synchronized with in situ ballast water sampling and analysis along the LNG carrier's route between Japan and Qatar from 2002 to 2005. Based on the relationship between K(490) and corresponding in situ plankton cell densities, the Bay of Bengal is recognized as a ballast water exchangeable sea to meet the regulation of ballast water performance standard of International Maritime Organization (IMO). Furthermore the Bay of Bengal with more than 200m depth and more than 200 nautical mile distance from shore is extracted based on the regulation of ballast water exchange area of IMO. However, an anomalously high K(490) area is found off the coast of Sri Lanka during the northeast monsoon in 2005, which corresponds higher cell densities than the criterion set by the regulation of IMO. The phenomenon of high cell density in the Bay of Bengal seems to be related with the phytoplankton bloom during the northeast monsoon. Seasonal and annual variability of phytoplankton bloom will be investigated to establish an early routing system for avoiding the high cell density area in advance.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.167-176
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• 1995

A study on phytoplankton community was carried out from June, 1992 to May, 1993 at selected stations in Hoedong Reservoir. The phytoplankton are identified as 176 taxa including 5 phylum, 67 genera. The important species in this reservoir were Asterionella formosa, C meneghiniana, Dictyosphaerium plilchellum, Fragilaria crotonensis, Melosira distans, M grantulata, M. granulata var. angustissima, M. granulate var. angntissima f. spirdis, Micractinium pussillum, Microcystis aeruginosa, Pundorina morn, Pediastrum boryanum, P. duplex, Peridinium sp., Scenedesmus quadriauda, Synedra acus, S. rumpens and S. ulna. The causative species of water bloom were identified as Microcystis aeruginsa, Trahellomonas hispida, Ceratium hirwdinella, Peridinium sp., Melosira italica, Staurastrum dorsidentiferum var. onatum in the area. During the study periods standing crcps of phytoplankton were maximum in August, 1992 and minimum in December 1992. The species dominance index and diversity index were ranged 24.7-99.9, 0.001-3.06, respectively. Key Words : phytoplankton community, causative species of water bloom, standing crops. dominance index, species diversity index.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2017

This study was carried out to apply the UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) coupled with Multispectral sensor for the algae bloom monitoring in river. The study acquired remote sensing data using UAV on the midstream area of Gum River, one of four major rivers in South Korea. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is used for monitoring algae change. This study conducted water sampling and analysis in the field for correlating with NDVI values. Among the samples analyzed, the chlorophyll concentration exhibited strong and significant linear relationships with NDVI, and thus NDVI was chosen for algae bloom index to identify emergence aspect of phytoplankton in river. Aerial remote sensing technology can provide more accurate, flexible, cheaper, and faster monitoring methods of detecting and predicting eutrophication and therefore cyanobacteria bloom in water reservoirs compared to currently used technology. As a result, there was high level of correlation in chlorophyll-a and NDVI. It is expected that when this remote water quality and pollution monitoring technology is applied in the field, it would be able to improve capabilities to deal with the river water quality and pollution at the early stage.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.239-248
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• 2022

The prediction of algal bloom is an important field of study in algal bloom management, and chlorophyll-a concentration(Chl-a) is commonly used to represent the status of algal bloom. In, recent years advanced machine learning algorithms are increasingly used for the prediction of algal bloom. In this study, XGBoost(XGB), an ensemble machine learning algorithm, was used to develop a model to predict Chl-a in a reservoir. The daily observation of water quality data and climate data was used for the training and testing of the model. In the first step of the study, the input variables were clustered into two groups(low and high value groups) based on the observed value of water temperature(TEMP), total organic carbon concentration(TOC), total nitrogen concentration(TN) and total phosphorus concentration(TP). For each of the four water quality items, two XGB models were developed using only the data in each clustered group(Model 1). The results were compared to the prediction of an XGB model developed by using the entire data before clustering(Model 2). The model performance was evaluated using three indices including root mean squared error-observation standard deviation ratio(RSR). The model performance was improved using Model 1 for TEMP, TN, TP as the RSR of each model was 0.503, 0.477 and 0.493, respectively, while the RSR of Model 2 was 0.521. On the other hand, Model 2 shows better performance than Model 1 for TOC, where the RSR was 0.532. Explainable artificial intelligence(XAI) is an ongoing field of research in machine learning study. Shapley value analysis, a novel XAI algorithm, was also used for the quantitative interpretation of the XGB model performance developed in this study.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2016

Monitoring of cyanobacteria bloom in reservoir systems is important for water managers responsible of water supply system. Cyanobacteria affect the taste and smell of water and pose considerable filtration problems at water use places. Harmful cyanobacteria bloom in reservoir have significant economic impacts. We develop a new method for estimating the cyanobacteria bloom using Landsat TM and ETM+ data. Developed model was calibrated and cross-validated with existing in situ measurements from Daecheong Reservoir's Water Quality Monitoring Program and Algae Alarm System. Measurements data of three stations taken from 2004 to 2012 were matched with radiometrically converted reflectance data from the Landsat TM and ETM+ sensor. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to select wavelengths in the Landsat TM and ETM+ bands 1, 2 and 4 that were most significant for predicting cyanobacteria cell number and bio-volume. Based on statistical analysis, the linear models were that included visible band ratios slightly outperformed single band models. The final monitoring models captured the extents of cyanobacteria blooms throughout the 2004-2012 study period. The results serve as an added broad area monitoring tool for water resource managers and present new insight into the initiation and propagation of cyanobacteria blooms in Daecheong reservoir.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze a term of decade of water quality data of the Mulgum intake station on the Nakdong river(dam) to find the cause of algal blooms and to set an alternative to prevent artificial lake water pollution. Our study shows that water quality changes have regular periodic regularity and there was a certain correlation between specific analytical items. According to the analysis results of each factor, the decline in precipitation was not the main reason for algal blooms. TP concentration had a slight effect on Chl-a concentration but was not a limiting nutrient of a bloom. TN concentration had a strong correlation with Chl-a and strongly negative correlation with temperature, but was not a bloom's limiting nutrient, and was only a dependent variable. As the temperature was negatively correlated with the Chl-a concentration, it is found that the aspect of the ecological influence of the temperature was the most important factor of the phytoplankton concentration change. The N/P ratio lies under a power function with a high degree of reliability by the TP concentration, and the phenomenon appeared to be the same as the results of two other comparative areas. This result confirms that TN is dependent on TP and the biota in the lake that TN is a dependent variable whose concentration is determined by TP it. In conclusion, the increase in lake bloom is the result of a food chain change, and it is necessary to control the ecosystem by the food chain in the lake in order to reduce the lake's bloom. In particular, it is important to keep the benthic ecosystem as wide as possible in the aerobic state.

• 한국관개배수논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2011

Jundae reservoir has basin area of 234ha, average depth of 3.77m and total storage of $619{\times}10^3m^3$, and is located in Dangin-gun, Chungcheongnam-do. The water quality of Jundae reservoir exceeded the IV grade of water quality standard as available for irrigation water in COD, TN, TP, Chl-a. COD and Chl-a were higher in spring season, because the algal bloom by phytoplankton increased. And the algal blooms in October by inflow non-point pollution during summer rainy season. The most dominant zooplankton was rotifers during study period at all stations. Dominant species were Keratella cochlearis, Polyarthra spp., and Trichocerca spp. We successfully established 2 isolated clone cultures as predator. One is Rotifer, Euchlanis sp. and another is cladocerans, Bosmina sp. To test the removal rate of 2 cultures against Microcystis aeruginosa, we inoculated Euchlanis sp. and Bosmina sp. separately when the abundance reached at $1.0{\times}10^6$cells/ml. Euchlanis sp. removed M. aeruginosa around 98.9% and Bosmina sp. removed it around 98.4%. They are useful grazers for controling algae blooms, Euchlanis sp. and Bosmina sp. feeding on M. aeruginosa highly.