• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.127-137
• /
• 2013

Reuse of wastewater will intensify in the coming decades due to water shortage, the change of climatic conditions, the need for industrial and agricultural use and the necessity of improving health and environmental conditions for the growing population. This paper considers (a) the status and trends of wastewater reuse and reclamation in the world, (b) case studies of wastewater reuse projects, (c) analysis of technology level, (d) forecast of global market, and (e) the future views and directions in development of wastewater reuse technologies. Based on the available documented literature, this paper provides a review assessment of the current status of the wastewater treatment processes including potential applications for reuse. Key challenges for both wastewater treatment and reuse are also discussed in the paper and include recommendations, e.g. cost, effluent water quality, energy use and technical solutions, for future developments.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.259-269
• /
• 2013

This study aims to show the feasibility of wastewater reuse through hydrological analysis and propose a framework for planning using multi-criteria decision making technique. Ten alternatives of wastewater reuse (BOD: 3.0 mg/L & 4.7 mg/L) and two references in the urban watershed were considered and analyzed by using Hydrological Simulation Program in Fortran (HSPF). Though wastewater reuse has a positive effect on water quantity, it may degrade the water quality due to the high discharge concentration. This study showed that wastewater reuse can be a great alternative for the rehabilitation of distorted water cycle, if the quality is improved up to the natural streamflow and the quantity is increased up to the instreamflow requirement. In addition, to determine the project priority, three criteria were compared: 1) impacts on water quantity and water quality, respectively, 2) consideration of present hydrologic vulnerabilities on water quantity and quality and not, and 3) social and economic considerations and not. From the performance values to all criteria, the specific ranking can be derived and the feasibility of each wastewater reuse project can be checked with the comparison of the existing facilities. As a result, DJ and DR were derived to become effective in any evaluation conditions while SS and WG were improper alternatives if various criteria were considered. The decision making for project prioritization must be careful with the consideration of various impacts of wastewater reuse because the evaluation of wastewater reuse alternative showed very different priorities for each criteria.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.55 no.2
• /
• pp.9-20
• /
• 2013

Many studies have reported additional treatment is needed to use wastewater for agricultural purpose. Economic considerations should be taken into account to establish infrastructure for agricultural reuse because of a large amount of water use in irrigation and relatively low water quality requirement. The objective of this study was to conduct economic analysis of wastewater reclamation and reuse systems for agriculture. A system dynamics approach considering complexity and dynamics in the wastewater reuse systems was used for the economic analysis, which are related with social, environmental, and economic problems. Sensitivity and benefit cost analysis for wastewater reuse systems was conducted through the established economic assessment model. The result of sensitivity analysis showed that water resources development and installation cost were the most sensitive for total benefits and costs, respectively. The scenario-based test of the organized economic assessment model shows marginal cost ranges and enables decision-makers to decide reasonable cost for the wastewater reuse systems for agriculture.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
• /
• 2005.10a
• /
• pp.643-648
• /
• 2005

The objective of this paper is to analyze the environmental effects by the fertilizer change with wastewater reuse for agriculture. For this research, Lysimeter tests are being implemented to cultivate rice with different levels of fertilizer applications with wastewater irrigation., and to analyze the nutrient loading by wastwater reuse in paddy fields was examined the CREAMS-PADDY model. CREAMS-PADDY model is modified from CREAMS model for considering the hydrologic cycles in paddy field. As a result, in the lysimeter treated by irrigation with wastewater and chemical fertilizer with half of the conventional amount showed generally similar tendency to the control plot. This may require the modifications of standard cultural practices for rice in terms of fertilizer and pesticide applications. However, high concentration of sodium in wastewater might cause damage to physico-chemical properties of paddy soil. And the wastewater reuse effects on nutrient loads were quantitatively analyzed and this results provide the reasonable management for agricultural reuse.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 2020

This study analyzes economic feasibility by looking at the case of wastewater reclamation and reuse system of Osan, the only place currently operated in Korea, exploiting wastewater uniquely reused as industrial water. Furthermore, this paper examines the problem in wastewater recycling and present the method to expand the potential of using reclaimed water. Method to activate the reuse of wastewater as industrial water. First, it is required to provide self-governing body and demander with diverse information on this project so that they correctly recognize the reuse of wastewater as industrial water. Second, law should be amended so that the water quality requirement of reused water can be given in the national level to supply industrial water depending on right standard. Third, financial support should be expanded in diverse parts so that more private investment advantageous to investor can be made, for instance, BTL, BTO.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.580-584
• /
• 2010

As water becomes more scarce around the world the reuse of treated wastewater is being recenlty considered as indispensible trend we need to follow. Especially, industrial area consuming large amount of water has been encouraged to reuse the treated wastewater to secure sufficient water for the production of merchandise. In this study, a study of advanced oxidation process for treatment of industrial wastewater. The treatment performance of UV and ozoznation and five types advanced oxidation processes such as UV/AC, UV/Catalyst, $O_3$/Catalyst, UV/$O_3$/Catalyst was experimentally investigated for reuse of industrial wastewater. The removal efficiency of $COD_{Cr}$, color were relatively evaluated in each treatment unit simulated outflow water of wastewater treatment area. UV/$O_3$/Catalyst process showed the highest $COD_{Cr}$ remaval and color remaval among proposed oxidation process.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.271-281
• /
• 2018

To examine the feasibility of reuse of raw fishmeal wastewater, it was biodegraded by a microbial consortium in a $1-m^3$ reactor, and the final culture broth including mixed microbes was applied as biofertilizer to field cultivation of lettuce and Chinese cabbage. Moreover, economic analysis of the entire process was performed. A stable metabolism of organic matter degradation for 80 h with sufficient dissolved oxygen produced an amino acid content of 14.66 g per 100 g sample, along with increased cation and anion concentrations. The concentrations of N, P and K in the final culture broth were 2.26, 0.87 and 0.65%, respectively, while those of heavy metals were very low. In field cultivation of the two leafy vegetables, the biodegraded fishmeal wastewater showed better fertilizing ability than commercial fertilizers because of its high amino acid content. In addition, no external damage to leaves by the fertilization was observed. In economic analysis, the expected profitability from the practical reuse of raw fishmeal wastewater was estimated to be $491.68 per a single biodegradation, which corresponds to $25,567.36 per year. As a result, the complete reuse of fishmeal wastewater could be feasible and provide essential benefits.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 1998

Reuse of wastewater become an important consideration to solve the environmental pollution problems in recent industriallzation and urbanization. Especially, he characteristic of dyeing process is subject to use much water and thus has serious problems for removal of color and organic pollutants in their wastewater. This report is divided into two main parts ： The purpose of the first part was to determine if alkaline wastewater discharged from textile dyeing operation factory could be flocculated directly by Fenton oxidation method. This study was conducted to investigate Fenton reagent dose and reaction condition of Fenton method as pretreatment for dyeing wastewater in K dyeing industry were investigated. In the second part of this research, to treat dyeing wastewater it was found that the most effective way is to use ultrafiltation and reverse osmosis at the conditions of the pH 7.0~8.0 and operating pressure of $2.5~35kg_f/cm^2$. This paper is mainly dealt with the application on reuse system of dyeing wastewater treatment using ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membranes. The results showed that dyeing wastewater could be reused by chemical, filter and membrane sequential treatment process.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.285-291
• /
• 2016

There has been an accelerating increase in water reuse due to growing world population, rapid urbanization, and increasing scarcity of water resources. However, it is well recognized that water reuse practice is associated with many human health and ecological risks due to numerous chemicals and pathogenic microorganisms. Especially, the potential transmission of infectious disease by hundreds of pathogenic viruses in wastewater is one of the most serious human health risks associated with water reuse. In this study, we determined the response of different bacteriophages representing various bacteriophage groups to chlorination in real wastewater in order to identify a more reliable bacteriophage indicator system for chlorination in wastewater. Different bacteriophages were spiked into secondary effluents from wastewater plants from three different geographic areas, and then subjected to various doses of free chlorine and contact time at $5^{\circ}C$ in a bench-scale batch disinfection system. The inactivation of ${\phi}X174$ was relatively rapid and reached ~4 log10 with a CT value of 5 mg/L*min. On the other hand, the inactivation of bacteriophage PRD1 and MS2 were much slower than the one for ${\phi}X174$ and only ~1 log10 inactivation was achieved by a CT value of 10 mg/L*min. Overall, the results of this study suggest that bacteriophage both MS2 and PRD1 could be a reliable indicator for human pathogenic viruses for chlorination in wastewater treatment processes and water reuse practice.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.779-785
• /
• 2013

This study investigated the applicability of a two step microfiltration(MF) and reverse osmosis(RO) membrane system for reuse of tunnel wastewater. In this two step process, the MF system first treated only micropollutants in tunnel wastewater such as suspended solids(SS) and heavy metals, achieving less than 0.2 NTU turbidity, less than 1.1 mg/L chemical oxygen demand($COD_{Mn}$) and less than 0.8 mg/L total manganese(Mn). The RO system then removed over 95 % of the remaining pollutnats and particles, resulting in less than 0.02 NTU turbidity, less than 0.5 mg/L chemical oxygen demand($COD_{Mn}$), less than 0.04 mg/L total nitrogen(T-N) and less than 0.01 mg/L total phosphorus(T-P). In particular, addition of an RO system could lead to markedly reduced high salt concentrations in tunnel wastewater, approaching almost zero. Thus, reclaimed water using the combined membrane system could satisfy current South Korean regulations concerning wastewater reuse(turbidity ${\leq}2.0$ NTU; T-N ${\leq}10mg/L$; T-P ${\leq}0.5mg/L$; Salinity ${\leq}250mg{\cdot}Cl/L$).