• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2014

In 1995 Kimchi refrigerator was developed at first, and has used HFC-134a as refrigerant. Kimchi refrigerator has been made 1,044,694 on the basis of 2010, disposed about 160,000 per year. Although mobile air conditioning, commercial refrigerator, general refrigerator is regarded as a major source of HFC-134a, little information is available for its emission characteristics of HFC-134a. This paper addresses the fugitive emission factors of Kimchi refrigerator at use-phase and disposal-phase. The residual quantities of Korean-made fifty three waste Kimchi refrigerators were weighed using a commercial recover of refrigerants to determine the emission factors at the disposal-phase. On the other hand, the emission factors at use-phase were estimated from the residual quantities and operating times. The average residual rate of forty three scarp Kimchi refrigerators is determined to be $74.6{\pm}5.2%$. The emission factor at the use-phase is estimated to be $3.5{\pm}0.8%/yr$ as a result of using average age of 11.7 years and the average residual rate determined here. The emission factor at the disposal-phase is determined to be 31.3% after adopting 58% of the recycling rate of refrigerant reported by Recycling Center. We estimate 3.1 g/yr for the average emission quantity of HFC-134a per operating refrigerator, while 22.5 g for that per waste Kimchi refrigerator. Since the chemical compositions of refrigerant of waste Kimchi refrigerator were the same as those of new refrigerant, it is expected that the HFC-134a recovered from waste Kimchi refrigerator can be reused for refrigerant.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.70-80
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• 2013

냉장고는 폐 전기전자제품(WEEE)에서 가장 많은 양이 처리되고 있는 품목이며 또한 가장 재활용이 복잡한 공정이다. 이는 가전제품 중 부피와 중량이 가장 크며 철, 비철금속, 플라스틱(PP, PS, ABS)등으로 이루어진 다양한 부품과 소재를 사용하고 있기 때문이다. 특히 최근에는 대용량 양문형 냉장고나 스탠드형 김치냉장고 등의 새로운 모델 출시와 더불어 다양한 혼합 재질의 사용으로 인해 폐 냉장고 재활용 공정의 어려움이 더욱 증가되고 있다. 뿐만 아니라 국내외 WEEE 재활용 관련 입법의 도입으로 폐 냉장고의 재활용 및 재자원화는 필수이고 관련 자원순환기술개발은 국가 기술경쟁력의 강화 및 국제 환경규제 대응 측면에서도 매우 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 현재 우리나라의 폐 냉장고 재활용 처리 및 기술개발 현황을 분석하고 선진국의 재활용 기술을 비교 분석하고자 한다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제2권6호
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• pp.18-28
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• 1994

An exhaust-heated gas turbine cycle equipped with a waste heat recovery boiler and ammonia absorption-type refrigerator using waste heat is newly devised and analyzed. The general performance of this cycle is compared with that of the conventional gas turbine cycle. This cycle shows a potential high efficiency. When 1500K of gas turbine inlet temperature the efficiency is 53 percent as compared to 45 percent for a conventional combined cycle. Suction cooling of this cycle leads to improve the thermal efficiency and the specific output.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.156-161
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• 2018

최근 인구가 급격히 증가하면서 음식물의 부족 및 낭비의 심각성이 대두되고 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 다양한 국가 및 기업에서는 소비자의 식재료 구매 패턴 연구 및 IoT 기술이 적용된 스마트 냉장고 제품개발 등의 시도를 진행 중에 있다. 그러나, 현재 판매되고 있는 스마트 냉장고들은 기존에 비해 상당한 가격대를 형성하고 있으며, 복잡한 구성으로 인한 오작동 및 파손으로 또 다른 낭비를 초래한다. 본 논문에서는 음식물 부족 및 낭비 해결과 가정 내 원활한 식재료 관리를 위한 저비용의 IoT 기반 스마트 냉장고 시스템을 제안한다. 본 시스템은 QR코드, 이미지 인식, 음성 인식을 통해 식재료를 인식하여 등록하고 이를 바탕으로 다양한 서비스를 제공할 수 있다. 이미지 인식의 정확도를 높이기 위해 우리는 딥 러닝 알고리즘을 사용한 모델을 활용하였으며 정확한 식재료 등록이 가능함을 검증하였다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.92-97
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• 2024

The LiBr aqueous solution, which is the absorption liquid of absorption refrigerator, must be replaced periodically because the concentration of impurities such as Cu²⁺, Fe²⁺, Ca²⁺, etc., increases due to corrosion of the tubes as the period of use increases, and the refrigeration efficiency decreases significantly. In order to reuse the waste absorption liquid, flocculation-precipitation method is mainly applied to precipitate the impurities, which requires hundreds of times the concentration of impurities and generates additional waste. In this study, a process for removing Cu ion impurities from cyclone electrolyzer by electrolytic reduction is presented in a small-scale facility without additional waste. It was confirmed that Cu ion impurities can be removed down to 1 ppm by electrolytic reduction process, and to further improve the removal rate, the mass transfer rate was increased by using a cyclone electrolyzer. The removal rate of Cu ions increased with the increase of flow rate and current density, and it was confirmed that Cu was removed at a rate of 1.48 ppm/h under the condition of 330 mL/sec and 2.5 mA/cm².

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.59-64
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• 2001

On July 5, 1997, environmental Protection Administration of Taiwan publicized the recycling regulation of waste home appliances that include four items, namely, television, refrigerator, washing machine, and air conditioner. It is believed that this regulation pioneers the law enforcement of waste home appliances in the world. To comply with tile policy, several contemporary waste disposal plants specialized in waste home appliances were established according to a follow-up technical specification oil the waste treatment facilities and methodology. Therefore, the traditional dismantling facilities were substituted and waste collection routes were altered as well accordingly. This study investigates the collection and recycling costs of waste home appliances in accordance with these newly established routes and facilities, respectively. Cost survey was conducted among collectors and recycling plants of waste home appliances; consequently, tire collection and recycling costs were analyzed, correspondingly. Results show that the recycling costs of waste home appliances were much higher than that of other waste items. Since the market share of recycled materials is lacking, these waste recycling plants of home appliances can only survive under the subsidy of EPA in Taiwan. Due to some arduous problems, the subsidiary system has already caused serious financial unbalance for a foundation under EPA of Taiwan, which associated with waste recycling in Taiwan.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.74-81
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• 2019

Upcycling generally refers to the conversion of waste materials to something useful or valuable and is a useful concept that can be applied not only to the waste design industry but also to waste recycling and resource circulation. Our study highlights upcycling as the key concept for improving the value of waste by redefining the concept as "the recycling of waste materials and discarded products in ways that enhance their value." Four upcycling strategies are linked to material flow analyses conducted on waste electronic and electrical equipment, specifically waste refrigerators and waste computers, to examine the technologies available for implementation and suggest guidelines for the promotion of upcycling. The amount of waste refrigerators collected by the formal sector was 121,642 tons/y and the informal sector, 63,823 tons/y. The current recycling ratio of waste refrigerators was estimated as 88.53%. A total of 7,585 tons/y of waste computers were collected by the formal sector and 3,807 tons/y by the informal sector after discharge. Meanwhile, the current recycling ratio of waste computers was estimated as 77.43%. We found that it is possible to introduce 28 upcycling technologies in the case of refrigerators, and 15 technologies are available to promote upcycling in the case of computers. By refining the broad concept of upcycling and looking at the stages of material flow, our approach presents universally applicable directions for incorporating upcycling in resource recovery and recirculation plans.

• 에너지공학
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.87-95
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• 1997

금속염화물과 암모니아간의 가역반응을 이용한 화학열펌프는 비프레온계 냉동 냉장시스템으로서 환경규약의 제한이 없고 가스, 전기 및 산업폐열 등 다양한 구동열원을 사용할수 있으며 축열에 의한 에너지 저장이나 산업공정에서의 대용량 에너지관리 시스템 등 응용분야가 다양한 장점을 갖고 있다. 통상 소규모의 실험실 장치에서 파일롯트 플랜트(pilot plant)로 전환하는 과정에서 시스템의 성능에 대한 해석이 필요하며 화학반응기의 거동에 대한 컴퓨터 모사도 필수적이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 작동조건에 따라 화학식 냉동기 성능계수가 어떻게 변하는지를 예측하였고 반응기 모델링에 의한 동적모사를 수행하여 반응기의 온도거동, 작동조건에 따른 전화율 변화, 반응혼합물의 제조변수가 냉동기 성능에 미치는 영향 등을 고찰하였다.

• 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.362-371
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• 1986

In the normal Refrigeration process, the condensation heat of refrigerant s not been used because of its low-temperature waste heat. To recover the condensation waste heat of R-12 refrigerator, a drying and hot water system was designed and experimented. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. As the temperature a temosphere was increased, the temperature of discharge gas of compressor was increased. And the temperature was $80-84^{\circ}C$ for air condensing type and was $68-71^{\circ}C$ for water condensing type during summer. 2. The condensation waste heat could be obtained up to $50-55^{\circ}C$ of drying heat-source and Hot water in summer. In this case, recovered rate was about $73\%$. And the more temperature of drying Heat-source and Hot water were increased, the more a recovered rate were decreased. 3. When comparing drying characteristics of Agro-products in dryer of waste heat utilization and Hot air, there was no quality difference in products. But drying time of the former was 3 Hours longer than the latter. 4. The condensation waste heat of compressor could be applied into the drying of marine products, the predrying of agro-products and making hot water. And showed high possibility of the waste heat using in low-temperature storage.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 수도권 리사이클링 센터 폐냉장고 전처리 공정의 성능 개선 방안에 관하여 연구하였다. 이를 위해 현행 전처리 공정을 기본 작업 단위로 구분하고 공정 별 작업 시간을 측정하여 ARENA를 이용한 모델링 및 성능 분석을 수행하였다. 또한 실무자의 경험과 선진 사례 등에 기반한 3가지 새로운 전처리 공정 대안을 생성한 후 ARENA를 이용한 모델링 및 시뮬레이션을 통해 평가하였다. 최종 선정된 대안은 현행 2-라인 공정을 1-라인으로 전환하고, 냉매를 회수하기 위한 별도의 셀라인을 도입하는 것을 포함한다. 본 연구 결과는 현재 새로운 전처리 공정 라인으로 설치되어 운영되고 있으며, 이전 공정에 비해 사이클 타임과 생산성 향상뿐만 아니라, 공간 활용률 측면에서도 크게 개선된 결과를 보였다.