• 유기물자원화
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 하수슬러지와 사업장폐기물의 혼합소각을 위한 폐기물특성 및 운전특성을 살펴보고 향후 하수슬러지와 사업장폐기물의 혼합소각에 관한 기초자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 본 사업장폐기물은 플라스틱류가 42.55% 로 종이류(11.92%) 보다 3배 이상의 조성을 나타내었다. 하수슬러지와 사업장폐기물을 부피비로 3 : 7로 혼합한 폐기물의 삼성분은 수분함량이 16.3%, 가연분과 회분 함량은 각각 70.5%와 13.2%을 나타내었으며, 습윤저위발열량도 4,513kcal/kg으로 함수율 15%인 하수슬러지와 사업장폐기물(플라스틱류 약 43% 및 종이류 약 12% 함유)의 3 : 7 혼합소각이 가능할 것으로 예상된다. 혼합폐기물을 $700^{\circ}C$로 소각할 경우 SOx와 NOx 농도는 최소화할 수 있었으 나 다이옥신 등 유해가스 발생면에서 볼 때 $950^{\circ}C$로 소각하는 것이 더 바람직할 것으로 사료되며, 이를 위해서는 $Ca(OH)_2$의 적정사용이 검토되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.58-67
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• 2001

MOW (Mixed Office Waste) mainly consisted of photocopied paper is being recycled to produce tissue or fine paper products. Toner particles that are fused and set on paper surface in photocopying process turns into large and plate-shaped particles after repulping which prevents them to be removed effectively in flotation deinking. The immediate purpose of this study is to find the effective deinking technology that increases the recycling potential of photocopied papers for manufacturing tissue and fine paper products. In this study the effects of pulping temperature and the type of hydrophobic groups of nonionic surfactants on the deinking efficiency of photocopied paper has been investigated. Particle size distribution of the toner particles after pulping and flotation, brightness, yield and ash removal were investigated. The size of toner particles after pulping increased as the pulping temperature was increased. When pulping at the low temperature finer toner particles were generated, however, greater amount of toner particles was found to attach to the fiber. When the pulping temperature was greater than Tg of the toner, the amount of coarse hairy particles increased. When nonionic surfactants with a double bond in hydrophobic groups were used, toner removal efficiency, brightness and ash removal were increased. As the addition level of surfactant was increased, yield decreased rather sharply without improving brightness.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 서로다른 4지역의 도시 생활 쓰레기의 성상 및 물리 화학적 조성을 조사 하였다. 생활 쓰레기 연료화시설 설치 및 자료확보 차원 매립장 관리차원에서 매우 필요한 연구이다. 평균 밀도는 $79{\sim}199.8kg/m^3$ 범위내의 결과를 얻었다. 생활 쓰레기는 8.87%의 음식물류, 38.8%의 종이류, 34.12%의 플라스틱류 및 비닐류, 7.16%의 섬유류, 0.96%의 목재류 1.3%의 고무 및 가죽류 등으로 구성되어 있다. 생활쓰레기의 대부분은 음식물, 종이류, 플라스틱류 등으로 이루어져 있으며 94% 정도가 가연 성분이다. 삼성분 분석에서는 17.38%의 수분 및 69.03%의 가연분 그리고 6.24%의 회분으로 이루어져 있다. 원소분석결과는 탄소 산소 수소 순으로 이루어져 있다. 생활쓰레기의 저위 발열량은 2973.8kcal/kg 이며 고위 발열량은 5209.94 kcal/kg 결과를 얻었다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2018

In this paper, risk assessment was conducted to verify self - disposal requirements by landfill for exempted incineration ash by using Resrad Ver.6.5 computer code. The result of risk assessment by landfill for the incineration by-product is that individual dose is $6.91{\times}10^{-2}{\mu}Sv\;y-1$ and collective dose is $3.475{\times}10^{-7}man-Sv\;y-1$. It proved that the result meets reference dose of individual dose $10{\mu}Sv\;y-1$ and collective dose 1 man-Sv y-1 for general public. According to the current 'Nuclear Safety Commission Notice [No. 2014-3]', it states that the exempted wastes can be disposed of by incineration, landfill and recycling. However, most of recently documents and papers related to exempted wastes are disposed of by landfill and recyling and it could not confirm the case of exempt by incineration. If the national consensus is derived and treating the waste by using process of incineration is activated, it could be considered to treat low level of radiation wastewater and activated carbon excluded from exempted waste because of nuclide $^3H$ and $^{14}C$.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.84-92
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• 2010

본 연구는 강원도 T시를 중심으로 생활폐기물의 물리화학적 특성을 조사하여 생활폐기물의 적정관리 방안 및 처리방법에 활용할 수 있는 기초자료를 제공하고 하고자 실시되었다. 조사결과 T 시의 겉보기밀도는 평균 $231kg/m^3$이었으며, 가연성분과 비가연성분은 각각 94.0%와 6.0%이었다. 가연성분 중 음식물류폐기물(32.3%)과 종이류(41.2%)는 최근의 타 지역에 비하여 여전히 높은 비율을 차지하고 있어 철저한 분리배출이 필요하였다. 삼성분 중수분, 가연분, 회분의 함량은 각각 41.3%, 50.5%, 그리고 8.2%이었으며, 원소조성 중 탄소, 수소, 산소, 질소, 황, 염소의 함량은 각각 51.4%, 6.3%, 26.7%, 1.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%를 나타내었다. 습윤저위발열량은 2,704 kcal/kg으로 춘천시의 2,764 kcal/kg와 유사하였으나 과거 구로구, 고양시의 1,467~1,584 kcal/kg 보다는 1,000 kcal/kg 이상 높았다. 또한 조제된 소각재의 용출시험 실시결과 모두 지정폐기물 판정 기준치를 크게 하회하여 큰 문제가 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.238-243
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• 2012

Background : The publication rate of presentations at medical international meetings has ranged from 11% to 78% with an average of 45%. To date, there are no studies about the final rate of publications at scientific meetings associated with plastic surgery from Korea. The present authors investigated the publication rate among the presentations at meetings associated with plastic surgery. Methods : The titles and authors of the abstracts from oral and poster presentations were collected from the program books of the Congress of the Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons (CKSPRS) for 2005 to 2007 (58th-63rd). All of the abstracts presented were searched for using PubMed, KoreaMed, KMbase, and Google Scholar. The titles, key words from the titles, and the authors' names were then entered in database programs. The parameters reviewed included the publication rate, type of presentation including running time, affiliation, subspecialty, time to publication, and publication journal. Results : A total of 1,176 abstracts presented at the CKSPRS from 2005 to 2007 were evaluated. 38.7% of the abstracts, of which oral presentations accounted for 41.0% and poster presentations 34.8%, were published as full papers. The mean time to publication was 15.04 months. Among journals of publication, the Journal of the Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons was most used. Conclusions : Brilliant ideas and innovative approaches are being discussed at CKSPRS. The 38.7% publication rate found from this research appeared a bit lower than the average rate of medical meetings. If these valuable presentations are not available as full papers, the research would be a waste of time and effort.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.18-23
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• 1977

섬유소자화세균 Cellulomonas flavigena KIST 321로 섬유소 단세포 단백을 생산하기 위하여 우리주변에서 제기되고 있는 각종 섬유소폐기물을 수집하여 기질로서의 사용 가능성을 검토하였는 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 당유를 유일한 탄소원으로 하였을 때 cellulose와 rylose에서 균체량이 가장 많았다. 2. 폐지유와 폐의유를 기질로 하였을 때 알카리 전처리를 함으로써 알카리 전처리하지 않았을 때보다 균체량이 많았으며, 폐신문지와 같은 인쇄물에서는 균체량이 적었다. 3. 짚류(straws)를 기질로 하였을 때는 대체로 균체수율이 높았으며, 볏짚, 채종대, 피를 기질로 하였을 때 균체량이 많았다. 4. 목재유의 톱밥에서는 균체량이 적었으나 잎류(leaves)에서는 비교적 많았다. 5. 기질의 종류에 따라 전처리시 NaOH농도를 다르게 하여 균체생산량을 조사하였다. NaOH 농도는 기질의 종류에 따라 최적농도가 달랐으나 짚류(Straws)에서는 0.8∼1.0％ 일때가 좋았고, 잎류(leaves)에서는 0.4∼0.6％일때가 좋았다. 6. 각종기질을 알카리 처리후 세척하여 기질로 사용하였을 때 볏짚에서는 균체량이 감소하였으나 소나무 톱밥, 피나무 톱밥, 소나무잎, 폐신문지에서는 증가하였다.

• 분석과학
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.112-121
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• 2018

The hydrothermal carbonization method has received great attention because of the conversion process from biomass. The reaction produces various products in hydrochar, bio-liquid, and gas. Even though its yield cannot be ignored in amount, it is difficult to find research papers on bio-liquid generated from the hydrothermal carbonization reaction of biomass. In particular, the heterogeneity of feedstock composition may make the characterization of bio-liquid different and difficult. In this study, bio-liquid from the hydrothermal carbonization reaction of food wastes at $230^{\circ}C$ for 4 h was investigated. Among various products, fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed using two different extraction methods: liquid-liquid extraction and column chromatography. Different elutions with various solvents enabled us to categorize the various components. The eluents and fractions obtained from two different extraction methods were analyzed by gas chromatography with a mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The composition of the bio-liquid in each fraction was characterized, and seven fatty acid methyl esters were identified using the library installed in GC/MS device.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.303-313
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• 2023

Spent fuels (SFs) are stored in a storage pool after discharge from nuclear power plants. They can be transferred to for the further processes such as dry storage sites, processing plants, or disposal sites. One of important measures of SF is the burnup. Since the radioactivity of SF is strongly dependent on its burnup, the burnup of SF should be well estimated for the safe management, storage, and final disposal. Published papers about the methodology for the burnup estimation from the known activities of important radioactive sources are somewhat rare. In this study, we analyzed the dependency of the burnup on the important radiation source activities using ORIGEN-ARP, and suggested simple correlations that relate the burnup and the important source activities directly. A burnup estimation equation is suggested for PWR fuels relating burnup with total neutron source intensity (TNSI), initial enrichment, and cooling time. And three burnup estimation equations for major gamma sources, ¹³⁷Cs, ¹³⁴Cs, and ¹⁵⁴Eu are also suggested.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.20-35
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• 2021

Objectives: Waste treatment by incineration is gradually increasing as the emission of harmful substances has decreased owing to developments in incineration technology. However, residents living near incinerators continue to express anxiety regarding the effects on their health. Therefore, we attempted to summarize the health impact of incinerators by comprehensively reviewing the recently reported literature. Methods: Sixty-two epidemiological research papers related to incineration and health effects were selected from the Google Scholar database and analyzed (from between January 2001 and December 2019). Results: When compared to older incinerators, newer incinerators established after 2000 are considered relatively safe in terms of health effects. Nevertheless, there have been some studies that have linked them to various diseases, such as malignant tumors including soft tissue cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, reproductive disorders, respiratory diseases, and more. In addition, incinerator workers and local residents are considered to be exposed to dioxins and some heavy metals from the incinerator. Since most studies included subjects exposed to older incinerators, it is difficult to apply these results to the health impact assessment of new incinerators. However, it is not appropriate to conclude that new incinerators made with state-of-the-art technology are safe, as chronic environmental diseases caused by hazardous substances tend to appear only after prolonged exposure. Conclusions: In terms of environmental health, it is necessary to continuously monitor the health effects of incinerators. Also, there is a need to develop a research methodology that can minimize various confounders in incineration-related epidemiological study.