• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.164-167
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• 2013

The objectives of this paper are to study the performance improvement of waste heat recovery from a boiler, by the Cured-In-Place-Pipe(CIPP) process. The conventional apparatus does not utilize the waste heat from the boiler during the process. However, the present apparatus recovers the waste heat from the boiler. When the new apparatus is used, the bending strength and modulus of the CIPP becomes double, and is over 45% stronger, than the required conditions, respectively. It is found that the energy consumption reduces to 50%, by recovering the waste heat from the boiler, and the oil consumption amount reduces to 1/3, compared to the conventional apparatus.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.17 no.6 s.85
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• pp.42-50
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• 2005

Silk fabrics are widely used as high quality cloth, interior, quilting and bedding materials because of having excellent touch, drape, resilience and low specific gravity characteristics. But, many waste silk materials are produced during the reeling, spinning, weaving, dyeing and finishing processes. From this fact, the recycle of waste silks is interested in studying for the application of industrial textile materials such as filter, oil absorbent and wound protector. Thus, this research has surveyed the decolorizing and carding characteristics in order to recycle the colored waste silk materials. As the results, the carding condition of waste silk fabrics was optimized with different fiber lengths and curding passage. In addition, the fiber failure mechanism from the wasted silk microdamage caused by carding process was investigated. Also it was found that longitudinal and transverse cracks, abrasion and pilling were formed on the surface of wasted silk fibers.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.235-240
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• 2014

In this study, the torrefaction of food waste was conducted to characterize its product, to find out effect of the operating temperature and to assess the feasibility of being used as fuel. The operating temperature was varid from $180^{\circ}C{\sim}270^{\circ}C$ and heat was provided by using nitrogen gas or waste oil heat carrier. The solid yield and moisture content were reduced were reduced as temperature increased. The moisture content reduction and thermochemical conversion were observed at higher than $240^{\circ}C$. At low operating temperature, heat transfer efficiency was higher with wast oil heat carrier. As temperature increases, there was not difference in heat transfer efficiency of two different heating methods. The lower heating value product was increased from 660 to 6,400 Kcal/kg with nitrogen gas and 6,890 Kcal/kg with waste oil heat carrier. The elemental analysis indicates that, as temperature increases, the carbon content of product increases and oxygen content decreases. From the analysis of O/C and H/C, the torrefaction product was close to low grade coal. The characteristics of fuel converted from the food subsequent thermochemical treatment.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 2017

The consumption of KimChi, which Korean are a favorite food, has dramatically increased by changes of life style and waste as by-products in KimChi factory. This study was conducted to evaluate an effect of compost of caster oil cake (COC) mixed with waste from KimChi factory (KWF) and its growth effect of lettuce. Treatments were consisted of 4 treatments as COC compost (60% COC+40% sawdust) as control, control+35% KWF (K-1), control+50% KWF (K-2), and control+65% KWF (K-3). Temperature, pH, O.M. and microbial phase of COC composts blended various ratios of KWF or free were unaffected. It was appeared that nitrogen content of KWF treatments was higher, but the ratio of organic matter and nitrogen was lower than the control. Although KWF treatments were acceptable compost under the guideline of Korean, NaCl content of K-3 was 1.91%, and it was very higher than that of others. In comparison with fresh weight and dry weight of lettuce, K-1 and K-3 were similar to control. These results indicated that the waste from KimChi factory was possible to use the composting raw blended materials below 35% mixtures.

• Clean Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.262-271
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• 2023

Globally, the amount of waste plastics has been occurring to environmental problems. As a result, it is necessary to research methods that utilize waste plastic pyrolysis oil (WPPO) produced by pyrolysis. One such method being studied is utilizing WPPO as a naphtha feedstock. In this study, five types of WPPO were analyzed to determine whether they can be used as raw materials for naphtha. Because of their wide boiling point range, the WPPOs were fractionated into light and heavy fractions through vacuum distillation, and the separation and purification techniques were analyzed using GC-VUV to determine the content of paraffin, olefin, and other compounds. All WPPOs showed high olefin content regardless of the source and fraction. Aromatic and paraffin content varied depending on the source, and oxygen and other compounds also varied significantly by source and fraction. In addition, the light fraction showed a carbon distribution similar to that of naphtha, whereas the heavy fraction showed a carbon distribution of C₁₁ ~ C₁₄. In conclusion, additional processes and raw material selection are required to utilize waste plastic pyrolysis oil as a raw material for naphtha.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.72-76
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated the characteristics of biodiesel using the waste coffee oil which was extracted by waste coffee grounds. We tried to deduce the optimum conditions by defining the operating variables, such as mole ratio between methanol and coffee oil (6~18) and the reaction temperature ($45{\sim}60^{\circ}C$) in the biodiesel production processes. The performance was evaluated in terms of yields, contents of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), viscosities, and heating values. The optimum reaction temperature was $55^{\circ}C$. Also, the best biodiesel was produced at the mole ratio between methanol and coffee oil of 12. The highest heating value of the produced biodiesel made from coffee oil was 39.0~39.4 MJ/kg, which satisfies the general standard for the biodiesel energy density, 39.3~39.8 MJ/kg.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.111-116
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• 2001

Waste office paper, photocopied or laser printed, has recently increased along with office automatization. In waste office paper, toner ink is used as the printing medium in place of conventional oil ink. Since toner ink cannot be saponificated by alkali and be decolored by bleaching, different from the case of oil ink, toner remains on regenerated paper as black specks. Although cascade recycling of waste office paper is compelled at present, the demand for low-grade paper is limited. From such circumstances, a new separation process for waste office paper is demanded to achieve parallel recycling. At the first stage of separation studies, the sharpness of separation is evaluated using small separators to obtain fundamental data. In a lab-scale separator, the sample amount of one feed is generally a few grams. However, the sample amount used for brightness, ERIC, and image analysis that are generally used to evaluate the efficiency of deinking are not small for lab-scale tests of these analyses. This paper describes an investigation of a sheet preparation method by a small amount of sample under 0.5g and compares the precision of toner content determination of spectroscopic analysis and image analysis from the viewpoint of separation evaluation. The easiness and convenience of the operation using only general-purpose equipments has also been set as a principle purpose. From the viewpoint of an analysis that yields high precision with a small amount of sample in short time, the method calculating the absorption coefficient from diffuse reflectance in the visible region is the most rational method in this study.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.167-178
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• 2020

Lipase-producing fungi have been isolated from environments containing lipids. The non-dairy creamer industrial waste has a high amount of lipids so it is a potential source for the isolation of lipase-producing fungi. However, the study of fungi that secrete lipase from this industrial waste has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to obtain lipase-producing filamentous fungi from non-dairy creamer industrial waste. Mineral salt and potato dextrose agar were used as media for the isolation process. The qualitative screening was conducted using phenol red agar medium and the quantitative screening using broth medium containing glucose and olive oil. Isolates producing the highest amounts of lipase were identified with molecular methods. We found that 5 out of 19 isolated filamentous fungi are lipase producers. Further analysis showed that isolate Ms.11 produced the highest amount of lipase compared to others. Based on ITS sequence Ms.11 was identified as Aspergillus aculeatus. The lipase activity in medium containing 1% glucose + 1% olive oil at pH 7.0 and 30℃ after 96 and 120 h of incubation was 5.13 ± 0.30 U/ml and 5.22 ± 0.59 U/ml, respectively. The optimum lipase activity was found at pH 7.0, 30℃ and using methanol or ethanol in the reaction tube. Lipase was more stable at 20-30℃ and maintained 85% of its activity. It was concluded that isolate Ms.11 is a potential source of lipase that catalyzes transesterification reactions. Further studies are required to optimize lipase production to make the strain suitable for industry purposes.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.426-433
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• 2023

Capacitor performance was considered using coffee grounds-based activated carbon produced through oil extraction and KOH activation to increase the utilization of boiwaste. Oil extraction from coffee grounds was performed by solvent extraction using n-Hexane and isopropyl alcohol solvents. The AC_CG-Hexane/IPA produced by KOH activation after oil extraction increased the specific surface area by up to 16% and the average pore size by up to 2.54 nm compared to AC_CG produced only by KOH activation without oil extraction. In addition, the pyrrolic/pyridinic N functional group of the prepared activated carbon increased with the extraction of oil from coffee grounds. In the cyclic voltage-current method measurement experiment, the specific capacitance of AC_CG-Hexane/IPA at a voltage scanning speed of 10 mV/s is 133 F/g, which is 33% improved compared to the amorphous capacity of AC_CG (100 F/g). The results show improved electrochemical properties by improving the size and specific surface area of the mesopores of activated carbon by removing components from coffee grounds oil and synergistic effects by increasing electrical conductivity with pyrrolic/pyridinic N functional groups. In this study, the recycling method and application of coffee grounds, a bio-waste, is presented, and it is considered to be one of the efficient methods that can be utilized as an electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.57-63
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• 2008

The characteristics of the bio-oil produced by the pyrolysis process with pig feces was investigated in this paper. The continuous auger-type reactor produced bio-oil was maintained at the temperature range of 400 to $600^{\circ}C$, which was higher than a typical that in a conventional pyrolysis system. The pig feces was used as the feedstock. The bio-oil and its compositions were characterized by water analysis, heating values, elemental analysis, bio-oil compounds, by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), and functional group by $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy. It was found that the maximum bio-oil yields of 21% w.t. was achieved at $550^{\circ}C$. This result suggested that this auger reactor might be a potential technology for livestock waste treatment to produce bio-oil because it is able to be improved to reach higher efficiency of bio-oil production in further study. The pyrolysis system reported herein had low heat transfer into the feedstock in the auger reactor so that it needs improve the heat conduction rate of the system in further study.