• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.565-568
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• 2012

There are various kinds of cereals used in sunsik manufacturing. Different harmful microorganisms that can contaminate these cereals have been reported. According to the different sizes of cereals used, black bean, black rice, and millet were artificially contaminated with Escherichia $Coli.$ $E.$ $coli$ contamination in cereal samples was detected after different washing steps under different conditions. The increase of washing time did not have any effect with regard to reducing $E.$ $coli$ in samples. Among several ratios between the washing solution and sample, 2:1 that have little influence to reduce $E.$ $coli$ contamination have been determined. The temperature of the washing solution is an influencing factor as well. Washing with solution at $40^{\circ}C$ could reduce 1 log of $E.$ $coli$ in samples. Among different concentrations of saline used as a washing solution, 5% could reduce 2~3 log $E.$ $coli$ in contaminated samples. However, the saline adds a salty taste to cereals when used during the washing step. To remove that, an extra washing step and large amount of washing solution are necessary in sunsik manufacturing.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.65-76
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the hygiene behaviors according to obesity in adolescents and to provide basic data for school health project. Methods: The data from the 10th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey(KYRBWS) were analyzed by STATA 13.0 statistical packages. The demographic characteristics were analyzed by frequency analysis. The relationship between obesity and hygiene behaviors according to demographic characteristics were analyzed by chi-square test. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used for the correlation among the variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the effect of obesity on the hand washing and oral hygiene behaviors. The significance level for significance was set at 0.05. Results: Obesity, hand washing before eating and hand washing after using the bathroom were significant negative correlation. Hand washing before eating and hand washing after using the bathroom were significant positive correlation. Hand washing after using the bathroom were positive correlation with toothbrushing after lunch. Washing before eating was 1.079 times higher than that of obese people(p<0.05), and toothbrushing after lunch was higher by 1.298 times in Odds ratio than normal weight(p<0.001). Conclusions: There is a need to develop a school dental health program by collecting hygiene behaviors such as obesity, hand washing, and brushing after lunch.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 1995

The vibration of the dehydration process in a washing machine is important problem that affects the performance of products. In this paper, the upper structure of a washing machine is modeled as rigid body suspension system and, by numerical analysis, the amplitude of a spin basket and the transfer moment at a base plate are calculated. To examine the vibrational characteristics according to design variable change, the friction coefficient in anubber, the radius of curvature, the stiffness coefficient, initial length and locations of support springs are considered in the analysis. Experimental results are compared with those of analysis.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2018

This study comparatively analyzed the changes in the dimensional stability and the mechanical properties of stretch knit fabrics associated with washings conditions in order to determine the most appropriate washing method. Polyester and spandex knit fabrics were washed 25 cycles with nine washing condition profiles that controled detergent, hardness. temperature and RPM. The knit fabrics with repeated washings were evaluated by dimensional stability and measured by the KES-FB system. Polyester and spandex fibers have good chemical resistance. However, the changes in the dimensional stability and the mechanical properties were observed in washed knit fabrics. After repeated washings, the knit fabrics washed in an alkali or neutral detergent had good dimensional stability compared with the knit fabric washed in functional detergent. The washed knit fabrics were extended, stiff, rough, and had a smaller volume. The changes were the result of the rearrange of polyester fibers which twisted around spandex core and chemical interactions involving the detergent and the physical and mechanical forces of washing. Especially, using an alkali detergent resulted in increased stiffness and roughness of the knit fabric. In conclusion, the washing in water with low hardness and a neutral detergent can minimize the changes in dimensional stability and mechanical properties of polyester and spandex knit fabric.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.9_10 s.146
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• pp.1274-1284
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• 2005

Effect of fixation methods and relaxation treatment on the dimensional stability and physical properties of MDPPA/HMM treated cotton knitted fabrics were studied. Combination of four different fixation methods - relaxation, swelling agent treatment, pad dry cure fixation, and wet fixation - were applied to flame retardant finish of 4 kinds of cotton knitted fabric with MDPPA/HMM. Then these fabrics were washed 10 times. As a result, In swelling treatment on 10G showed relatively higher value of length shrinkage than 14G. Length and width shrinkage were increased by initial washing treatment and no further change was shown after 6 washing cycles. After 10 washing cycles, length and width shrinkage decreased. The KES standardized basic value of B/W, 2HB/W and bursting strength of interlock were relatively larger than those of single jersey. The values of B/W and 2HB/W of cotton knitted fabrics were increased by relaxation and washing treatment but were decreased by swelling treatment. In addition, the bursting strength of the cotton knitted fabrics was decreased after fusing, washing and relaxation treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.3_4
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• pp.539-545
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• 2004

In this study, the effect of washing, bleaching, and abrasion on tactile and the water absorption properties of the split-type Nylon/Polyester (N/P) microfiber pile-knit was investigated under various enduse conditions. We examined the water absorption and surface properties of PET microfiber which will be very useful in the future. We also studied the variations of their performance during usage caused by friction and repeated washing, regard to all kinds of physical, chemical changes which will appear while using those textiles. Progress in further splitting of PET microfiber fabric is observed with increases in the number of washing and bleaching cycles, and treatment temperature. Initial water absorption (%) was increased with progress in splitting, which provided efficient capillary channel. Surface properties were varied with additional splitting by washing and abrasion. Formation of pilling and splitting by abrasion increase surface roughness, diminishing tactile property, and reduced water absorption property. The current results from this study is expected to provide the appropriate washing management guide to consumers, and to inform end-use performance of product to a producer for improving product quality.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.234-242
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• 2009

This study was attempted to develop surface washing-system of ginseng. The effect of sterilization, washing and keeping freshness of ginseng through analyzing unit process were examined to establish optimal condition for washing system. Surface washing method of fresh ginseng used two way and full cone spray type. Sterilization was used at $2^{\circ}C$ water with electrolysis water of 50 and 80 ppm. Ginseng was sterilized with electrolysis water during 30 and 60 s, dehydrated during 1 min and dried during 1min at 30 and $50^{\circ}C$. Hardness of surface-washed ginseng showed good result on 1 min spraying time with 80 ppm electrolysis water at $10^{\circ}C$ storage. Ginseng with 80 ppm electrolysis water was sterilized better with $1.05{\times}103$. There are no changes with 0% on appearance quality at 80 ppm electrolysis.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.224-231
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• 2012

We investigated the effects of various washing methods on the quality of semi-dried Pacific saury Cololabis saira, known in Korea as Guamegi. We immersed samples for 5 min in seawater, tap water, chlorinated water (100 mg/kg), ammonia water (100 mg/kg), citric acid (0.1 M), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA, 0.2 g/kg), or sesame oil (5 g/100 g), and then dried them in the sun for 3 days. The moisture and crude lipid contents after drying were 26.62-32.49 g/100 g and 26.40-33.01 g/100 g, respectively. The moisture content significantly decreased while the crude lipid content increased during drying. The different washing methods did not have a significant effect on the acidity, peroxide values, or levels of thiobarbituric acid or biogenic amine in Guamegi. The lightness of Guamegi during drying significantly decreased, but this decrease was not significantly different among washing methods. The degree of acceptance in a sensory evaluation was higher for Guamegi treated with sesame oil. Our results suggest that these washing methods should not be used to inhibit lipid oxidation, biogenic amine formation, or color changes in semi-dried Pacific saury, because effective components are extracted by the lipids during drying.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of alkali-washing with different sodium hydroxide concentrations on the chemical compositions of steam-treated Betung bamboo strand. Strands were subjected to steam treatment at 126 ℃ for 1 h under 0.14 MPa pressure and followed by washing with 1-5% sodium hydroxide solution for 30 sec. The alteration of structural and non-structural chemical components content of bamboo strands was evaluated. Steam and washing treatments with various concentrations of sodium hydroxide solution considerably reduced the extractive content of bamboo strands, and the cell wall chemical components of the strand in the small degree. FTIR analysis showed noticeable changes in peaks related to hemicellulose and lignin. The relative crystallinity increased significantly after steam and washing treatment with sodium hydroxide up to 3% concentration. SEM Images showed smooth and clean strands surface after washing with 3% sodium hydroxide.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2021

Cryopreservation is a widely-used efficient means of long-term sperm preservation. However, unlike other types of semen, cryopreserved boar semen has reduced fertility and the efforts continue to optimize post-thawing sperm recovery. In this study, we evaluated the effects of various washing solutions (Hulsen solution, lab-made DPBS and commercial DPBS) on post-thawing porcine sperm kinematics (CASA system), viability (SYBR-14/PI) and acrosome integrity (PSA/FITC). We also examined the effect of washing-centrifugation on frozen-thawed semen kinematics. The results indicate that type of washing solution and post-thawing centrifugation alters parameters linked to sperm quality (total motility, progressive motility, viability and acrosome integrity). Significantly higher (p < 0.05) motility and progressive motility were obtained when cryopreserved semen was processed with Hulsen solution. The post-thaw percentage of live and intact acrosomal sperm was significantly higher in group 1 (Hulsen solution) as compared to other groups. Following thawing-centrifugation, the results showed significantly higher motility and progressive motility in group 1 than other groups. However, the latter two DPBS groups did not differ statistically. Taken together, Frozen-thawed spermatozoa motility, acrosome integrity and viability can be affected by the type of washing solution used. Moreover, centrifugation of frozen-thawed semen has an unfavorable effect on total motility and progressive motility.