• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.27-44
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• 1991

In this research, double-layered photoconductor consist of the carrier generation layer(CGL) of ${\varepsilon}$ type copper phthalocyanine thin film by an aqueous coating method and the carrier transport layer(CGL) of polyvinyl carbazol(PVK) by spin coating. We inverstigated effect of the surfactant solution and cathod electrolysis to the crystal type of ${\varepsilon}$-CuPc in CGL with TEM, SEM and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and studied the mechanism of an aqueous coating for the preparation of CGL. The effect of the washing of CGL about the electrophotographic characteristics of the ${\varepsilon}$-CUPC/PVK double-layered photoconductors is studied also.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.3_4
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• pp.485-491
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• 2002

Dyeing properties of rosemary colorants on cotton fabrics were investigated. Effect of dyeing conditions on dye uptake and effect of mordanting and cationizing on dye uptake, color change and colorfastness were explored. Also, antimicrobial activity of rosemary colorants was ascertained and further effect of cationizing on antimicrobial activity was investigated. Affinity of rosemary colorants to cotton fiber was considerably low, and its isotherm adsorption curve was Freundlich type, indicating that hydrogen bonding was involved in the adsorption of rosemary colorants to cotton fiber. The cotton fabrics showed generally high colorfastness except fastness to washing and light. The cationized cotton with Cationon UK(quarterly ammonium salt) showed higher dye uptake and shorter dyeing time, compared with the untreated cotton. The cationized cotton showed good colorfastness to washing, perspiration and rubbing. Antimicrobial activity of rosemary colorfastness was confirmed. The cationized cotton itself showed high bacterial reduction rate. For cationized and dyed samples, as dye uptake increased, bacterial reduction rate was decreased slightly.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.11-19
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• 2006

Black-dyed PET fabrics were sputtered with stainless steel through DC-magnetron type device to investigate the possibility of coloration effect, and then considered the morphological structure and physical characteristics such as water permeation ability and washing fastness. Change in color was estimated on the basis of CIELAB color system. The color coordination of metal plated PET was shifted to yellow-red from red-blue. Colour difference$({\Delta}E^*)$ was increased by sputtering conditions with increasing ion current and treatment time. Especially, $Lightness(L^*)$ value of PET was remarkably increased by sputtering, whereas $Chroma(C^*)$ increased gradually. From SEM analysis, rough and uneven craters were found and thickened on the fiber surfaces with longer sputtering time. And washing fastness was a little poor and absorption ability slightly decreased. There were little changes of breaking load and breaking extension. It was evident that observed uneven craters in the plated thin layer resulted in the colour change of PET fabrics by sputtering treatments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.947-958
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• 2008

To study the effect of a washing machine with silver nano technology on its detergency, the discoloring of the dyed clothes and the staining of standards adjacent fabrics were examined. As the laundry specimen, cotton fabric dyed with reactive dyes and Polyester fabric dyed with disperse dyes were chosen; and as the adjacent fabrics, undyed cotton. polyester and nylon fabrics were chosen. The colorfastness was evaluated after washing under conditions that those washing temperature, liquor ratio, detergency concentration and the type of water were varied. When the clothes were washed with the tap water contains silver ion, the deposition of silver compounds into the washed clothes was measured. As a results, after the washing in the various conditions, discoloring of the dyed clothes was not intense. The higher the washing temperature and the lower the liquor ratio, the larger the staining appeared on the white fabrics; especially for the white nylon fabrics. The concentration of detergent and the type of water affected hardly the colorfastness. After the repeated washing with the water contains silver, whiteness of the cotton and the nylon fabrics were lower than the result after the washing with the tap water, and a quantity of silver ions was found on the washed clothes.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.359-366
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• 2001

In this study, wool, silk and cotton fabrics were dyed with natural dyes derived from Ginkgo biloba bark using various mordants, and their dyeabilities were discussed. Additionally the fastness to washing, perspiration, light, rubbing, and drycleaning were investigated. And the effects of bacteria reduction and UV-B protection rate were also checked. The optimum dyeing condition of the colorants extracted from the Ginkgo biloba bark was three repeated dyeing at$95^\circ{C}$ for 1 hr. by using post mordanting. Mordanting improved the fastness to washing, Perspiration and drycleaning, but the fastness to light and rubbing were not increased. The bacteria reduction rate of the wool fabric increased drastically by dyeing with extract of Ginkgo biloba bark and its effect maintained after repeated washing and drycleaning. UV-B protection rate of the natural fibers increased by dyeing with extract of Ginkgo biloba bark and the dyed wool fabric was the best of the three fabrics.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1-1
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• 2001

In this study, wool, silk and cotton fabrics were dyed with natural dyes derived from Ginkgo biloba bark using various mordants, and their dyeabilities were discussed. Additionally the fastness to washing, perspiration, light, rubbing, and drycleaning were investigated. And the effects of bacteria reduction and UV-B protection rate were also checked. The optimum dyeing condition of the colorants extracted from the Ginkgo biloba bark was three repeated dyeing at 95℃ for 1 hr. by using post mordanting. Mordanting improved the fastness to washing, Perspiration and drycleaning, but the fastness to light and rubbing were not increased. The bacteria reduction rate of the wool fabric increased drastically by dyeing with extract of Ginkgo biloba bark and its effect maintained after repeated washing and drycleaning. UV-B protection rate of the natural fibers increased by dyeing with extract of Ginkgo biloba bark and the dyed wool fabric was the best of the three fabrics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.391-396
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• 2004

For technical and economic reasons, the drum drive system employed in the domestic waking machines have traditionally been based on a combination of a high speed induction motor and a pulley and belt. This paper deals with washing machine drive based on an inverter fed induction motor. In this case, voltage is applied in proportion to frequency to achieve rated torque though the range. But scalar control such as V/f methode is somewhat simple to implement, but the inherent coupling effect given sluggish response. Therefore, this paper describes study on induction motor vector control for drum type washing machine.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.90-93
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• 2003

Six heavy metals (lead, copper, cadmium, chromium, mercury and arsenic) were analyzed in 9 oriental medical materials(Paeoniae Radix Alba, Zizyphi Fructus, Cnidii Rhizoma, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Astragali Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Cinnamomi Cortex Spissus, and Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus) by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The heavy metal contents of Zingberis Rhizoma Crudus and Angelicae Gigantis Radix were 44.0 and 37.3 mg/kg, respectively, which were 1.47 and 1.24 times higher than the guideline set by the Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Washing with deionized water lowered the heavy metal contents by 20-38%, and reduced levels to below the guidelines set by KFDA.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.670-682
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• 1998

Ball type automatic balancer is used to reduce the vibration caused by unbalance of rotor. In this study, A analytic modeling of a front loaded washing machine with ball type automatic balancer has been suggested theoretically and ADAMS has been used to analyze the dynamic characteristics of automatic balancer. It is found from simulation and experimental results that the automatic balancer suppress the steady state vibration of washing machine effectively. The test results match with the simulation results of ADAMS, thereby the dynamic model of ADAMS can be used as virtual prototype to predict the vibration characteristics which could be changed by the modification of design variableand can reduce the design cycle sharphy. To maximize the balancing effect of automatic balancer, the friction between balls and race and the deviation between geometric center and rotation center of drum need to be minimized and the optimum design for the stiffness of flange shaft and the angular acceleration of drum should be achieved.

• 연구논문집
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• s.26
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• pp.33-42
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• 1996

The transmission system of a washing machine which is called by the clutch is one of the most important components to preserve the performance. The clutch housing has a role to guard and mount the transmission system on the frame of the machine. The load which is applied on the clutch housing depends on the operating conditions. Nowadays the dehydration speed is higher and higher in order to improve the efficiency. In this study, the strains on the predicted weak positions were measured using the strain gage and its measuring equipment. The relationships between the dehydration speeds and the maximum principal strains were obtained. Finite element analysis is executed to acquire the effect of the dehydration speed on the stress of the clutch housing. The distributions of the equivalent stress and the maximum stresses under the various speeds, the various loading directions and the various thickness of the clutch housing were obtained.