• 보존과학연구
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• s.22
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• pp.133-154
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• 2001

Stone cultural properties, exposed in natural environment, is deteriorated by many weathering reasons for a long time. It is necessary to treat of consolidation and water-repellent on the surface because of the conservation of stone cultural properties. We was treated the specimen [granite(Hwangdung-suk), sandstone, marble(in JeongSeon)] by synthesis resin of DWR-Ⅲ, SI2121 and fluoropolymer, and tested on the durability, water-repellent, color stability and luster generation etc. In the result of this study, DWR-Ⅲ and fluoropolymer is superior to the waterrepellent, durability of salt and acid rain. SI2121 is superior to the penetration because of lower viscosity, but the water-repellent is inferior to the others. After the treatment of chemicals, the color-variation make an appearance but luster-generation doesn’t. With the passage of time, the color of specimen was got better because of the ‘washing’ phenomenon for ultra-violet, salt etc.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.483-491
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• 2016

Even though the antifogging property of nanosilica coated glass surface is highly increased due to the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups on nanosilica surface, the durability of this property on outdoor glass was diminished rapidly after rain washing. In addition the topology of nanosilica coated glass surface plays very important roles to control an light transmittance or antireflection property. To improve these coating durability and characteristics a hydrophilic nanosilica coating on glass was prepared by coating with 1.5 wt% of nanosilica (Ludox) suspension in the presence of hydrolyzed tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). The optimum hydrolysis condition of TEOS in acidic or basic aqueous solution was also examined by contact angle measurement. The final transparent hydrophilic coating layer coated with nanosilica-TEOS in acidic condition (pH=4) showed much improved durability of hydrophilic surface as well as higher visible light transmittance than original uncoated glass by 2 % point.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1004-1012
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate the loess dyeability of soybean fabric using loess as colorants. Recent days, various textile products such as inner wears, sheets and interior goods are manufactured using materials dyed with loess emphasizing its improved metabolism, anti-bacterial, deodorizing properties, and far infrared ray emissions. Soybean fabric was dyed with loess solution according to concentration of loess, dyeing temperature and dyeing time. To improve washing fastness, soybean fabric and dyed soybean fabric with loess were mordanted by mordanting agents such as sodium chloride(NaCl), Acetic acid(CH₃COOH) and Aluminium Potassium Sulfate(AlK(SO₄)₂·12H₂O). Dyeability and color characteristics of dyed soybean fabric were obtained by CCM observation. Particle size distribution of loess, the dyeability(K/S) of soybean fabric, morphology and washing durability of loess dyed soybean fabric were investigated. The results obtained were as follows; Mean average diameter of loess was 1.08µm. The main components of loess used in this study were silicon dioxide(SiO₂), aluminium oxide(Al₂O₃), and iron oxide(Fe₂O₃). The content of these three component was above 75 weight %. The dyeability of soybean fabric was increased gradually with increasing concentration of loess. The optimum dyeing temperature and dyeing time were 90℃ and 60minutes expectively. The fastness to washing according to concentration of loess and mordanting method indicated good grade result as more than 4 degree in all conditions.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.162-170
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• 2017

Fastener tapes are widely used as auxiliary materials in textile products, and military textiles products are also applied. However, in Korea, the HL3-WA class of KS K 1309 was applied to military uniforms without consideration of the operating environment. Instead of adopting the standard of initial strength for Korean military uniforms, the US military applied the value after 3 washings, and presented different properties according to the items. Also in Japan, the standard was applied differently according to products in general clothing. The purpose of this study in to examine the quality level of fastener tapes used for military materials. The changes of tensile shear strength and peel strength of military and commercial fastener tape were studied after washing. As a result, the initial strength of the current military fastener tapes was higher than commercial one, but the strength retention rate was rapidly decreased as the number of washing. So it was confirmed that the decrease in strength was relatively lower than commercial one. It is necessary to improve the durability by adjusting the adhesive strength to suit the purpose of the product, and it is necessary to consider the priority of maintaining the durability according to the initial performance and repeated use according to the use environment, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.3_4
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• pp.422-432
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• 2004

This study investigated underwear consumption behavior of women, who were 20∼59 years old and resided in Incheon during 2002 summer. 372 women completed questionnaires, and data were analyzed using factor analyses, t-test, ANOVA, $\chi$$^2$-analyses. They usually purchased underwear considering comfort and economic factor at a discount store. They wore sleeveless T-shirts, but they didn't wear underpants except panties highly all the year round. Higher rate of them wore pantyhose instead of underpants during autumn, winter and spring. They demanded unstitching of stitches and lengthened sleeves in most of the groups. And older and lowly educated women group wanted widen armhole of upper underwear, and tighten waistband of panties. They generally washed in washing machine using cold water. Besides they added oxygen bleach and softner during wash and final rinse. Older than 20's boil their underwear frequently. The women in a group of boiling commonly answered the looseness of waistband. It is recommended not to boil but to soak with bleach added warm water for improving the whiteness and durability of underwear. For a treatment with higher temperature deprives the elasticity of spandex.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.169-175
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• 2015

Recently, a stone is preferred as a cladding materials because of its outstanding durability and luxurious character. However, because of running out of natural resources and restriction of production, it is expected that difficulty of stable supply, and thus alternative cladding materials for concrete wall is needed. Therefore, in this research, as an alternative cladding materials, exposed-aggregate concrete is studied using saccharin based retarder. For evaluating factors, changing water-to-cement ratio, dosages of saccharin-based retarder, and timing of water jet washing were tested on the surface properties of exposed-aggregate concrete. As a result, the most favorable surface performance was obtained at 0.75 day after the placing in 25% of water-to-cement ratio, and at one day after the placing in 35 and 55% of water-to-cement ratio, 1.5 day after the placing in 65% of water-to-cement ratio with $24m{\ell}/m^2$ of retarder application.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.64-71
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• 2021

Large amount of formaldehyde could be released inevitably during the flame-retardant (FR) treatments or from the finished fabrics using Provatex reagent and Proban polymers which have been used as durable FRs for cotton. A water-soluble cyclophosphazene derivative was synthesized as an ecofriendly phosphorus-based FR for cotton fibers. Dichloro tetrakis{N-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamido} cyclcophosphazene (DCTDCP) was synthesized through the substiutution reaction of Hexachloro cyclophosphazene and N-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl] methacrylamide at a mole ratio of 1 : 4, which can be cured dually by both alkaline treatment and UV irradiation. More crosslinked networks were produced through the addition of Triacryloyl hexahydrotriazine and Acrylamide as a UV-curable crosslinker and a comonomer respectively. Both flame retardancy and washing durability of the FR cotton were improved synergistically. The durability improvement may be caused by the covalent bond formation of the FR with cellulose and the high degree of polymerization of DCTDCP, which can be verified by the pyrolysis and combustion behaviors analyzed by LOI, TGA, and microcalorimeter.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.268-275
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• 2019

In this study, silk fabrics was dyed with sappan wood extracts fermented for 5 and 15 days, respectively, and then the dyeability, durability and the functionality of the dyed silk were investigated. Before dyeing, the silk was pretreated with chitosan-acetic acid solution or chitosan acetic acid and illite blend solution. Thereafter, UV-Visible transmittance, color, fastness, antimicrobial activity, and the FIR emissivity were analyzed. As a result, the K/S value was higher in the samples that were not pre-treated or fermented. Regardless of fermentation, the lightfastness was not significantly different. The color fastness to washing was slightly better when the samples were pretreated with chitosan-acetic acid and illite, and then dyed with extracts fermented 5 days. In addition, all samples showed high antimicrobial activity of 99.9%, regardless of the fermentation. Far-infrared emissivity was confirmed to be slightly increased by the illite and chitosan-acetic acid solution treatment compared to the untreated sample.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.115-124
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to analyse on the clothing practice of automaker's uniform and to investigate the relationship between wearing sense of worker's uniform and overall comfort according to working environment and working types. The data were collected from 184 automakers using questionnaire and interview of a officer for uniform management. Working environment was relatively comfortable, but the worker in special working area needed to control the working environment and adopted the protective equipment. The dissatisfaction of clothing practice of uniform was shown high in design and material. The order of preference in the color was blue, navy, blue, gray, green. In case of taking care of uniform, sewing durability and shape stability were poor in comparison with washing easiness. The correlation between overall comfort and wearing sense of uniform as sense of wearing and taking off, texture and movement function, was relatively high, but it appeared the low correlation in physiological comfort.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 1997

Water repellent finish was carried out using water repellent agent(AG-480), melamine resin(Sumitex Resin MK), and catalyst(Sumitex Accelerator ACX). PET/nylon fabrics were treated with melamine resin by pad-dry-cure method and subsequently washed and dried. Durable water repellency was controlled by the melamine resin and catalyst. Water repellency was tested by spray rating method and durability of water repellency were measured by launder-O-meter and pilling tester. The optimum conditions of durable water repellent finish for new synthetic fabric were as follows; concentration of water repellent finishing agent 20g/l; concentration of melamine & catalyst 0.5g/l; curing condition $160^{\circ}$ ${\times}$ 30sec. Water repellency after washing and rubbing is improved by melamine resin and catalyst.