• 복식문화연구
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1129-1140
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• 2009

The pine needles has been used as medicines and it is using as dyeing as well as food. It is distributed through 50% in Korean forest. The pine needles is related to antimicrobial activity, however, dyeing properties of the extract components and effects of them are not well known yet. To examine dyeing properties of the pine needles extract, various fabrics(nylon, silk, wool, and soybean) were dyed under different dyeing conditions, and mordanted with one of five mordants(Al, Sn, Fe, Cr, and Cu). Dye uptake, Colors and Colorfastness of the dyed fabrics were measured. By the K/S values, dye uptake of all the dyed fabrics enhanced as increasing dyeing temperature and dyeing time. The highest K/S values were obtained from the protein fiber(wool and silk) fabrics dyed with water extract at $100^{\circ}C$, and with ethanol extract at $90^{\circ}C$ for 80 minutes. Colors of the dyed fabrics showed variety of yellow, brown and green colors. Colors changed by using Cu, Fe and Cr mordants: Cr-mordanted fabrics into light green, Fe-mordanted fabrics into reddish brown, and Cu-mordanted fabrics into deep green in ethanol extraction. Dry-cleaning fastness of the dyed fabrics presented good to excellent except wool fabrics dyed with ethanol extract. Washing fastness of the dyed nylon and soybean fabrics were good to excellent but wool and silk fabrics showed average grades. Most dyed fabrics were poor to light fastness.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.772-778
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• 2016

To develop a value-added product from individually quick-frozen oysters Crassostrea gigas (IQFO), we prepared a retort pouched oyster soup (RPOS) from IQFOs and characterized its processing conditions and quality metrics. We found that the most appropriate manufacturing process for the RPOS consisted of half-thawing and washing raw IQF oysters, blanching, adding them to the retort pouch along with other ingredients (base soup stock, IQF oyster extract, radish, bean sprouts, garlic, and red pepper), sealing, retort sterilization ($120^{\circ}$, F0-value 10 min.), cooling, and packaging inspection. The moisture, crude protein, pH and salinity of the RPOS were 91.0%, 2.8%, 6.20 and 0.9%, respectively. The total amino acid content of the RPOS was 2,163.8 mg/100 g, and the main amino acids were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, proline, lysine and arginine. The primary inorganic ions were Na, K, S and Zn. In taste compounds, total free amino acid content was 313.4 mg/100 g, and the main free amino acids were glutamic acid, taurine, proline, hydroxyproline, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine, valine, lysine and arginine. This RPOS has good storage stability and organoleptic qualities compared with commercial retort pouched shellfish soup, and is suitable for commercialization as a value-added instant seafood soup.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.569-573
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• 2001

본 연구는 유자 과즙 제조시 부산물로 생기는 유자박의 효율적인 활용을 위해 펙틴 물질을 추출하여 그 수율을 측정하였고, 추출된 펙틴의 특성을 조사하였다. 추출용매로서 무기산은 HCl을, 그리고 유기산은 citrate 와 tartrate를 사용하였다. 각각의 용매에 대하여 추출비율을 달리하여 펙틴을 추출한 결과 1:20이 가장 좋은 비율(건조 유자박: 용매, w/v)로 나타났으며, 사용한 추출용액의 최적 농도는 무기산인 경우는 0.05N, 유기산인 경우는 0.1N이었다. 펙틴 추출과정에서 펙틴에 잔존하는 당을 제거하기 위해 95% ethanol로 1차 펙틴을 침전시킨 후, 65% ethanol로 6회 세척하였다. 펙틴의 추출 수율은 0.05N HCl은 18.7%, 0.1N citrate는 15.5%, 그리고 0.1N tartrate는 11.4%이였다. 추출한 펙틴의 DE는 42.97~47.55%로 low methoxyl pectin으로 분류될 수 있으며, intrinsic viscosity는 0.94~2.63의 범위였다. 분리한 펙틴의 당조성은 무기산으로 추출된 펙틴(4.2~4.7%)이 유기산으로 추출된 펙틴(15~19%)에 비하여 arabinose가 적은 함량을 나타내었고, rhamnose, xylose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, galactose 그리고 glucose의 당 함량은 추출된 세 종류의 펙틴에서 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is basic data for developing baseball uniform in the future by carrying out a survey of amateur baseball players on the wearing pattern of uniform and inconvenient details. To do this study, a survey targeting 307 male social baseball players in their 20s to 40s was conducted, and a preliminary survey through interview with designers, MDs and patternmakers had also been carried out and analyzed prior to the main one. The result shows that armpit and back patches get wet with perspiration the most, and patches around knees are likely to be worn out because of frequent sliding. Thus, they are dissatisfied with poor protective function the most and need quilted pads around knees. Answers for a question on injuries during games indicates that shoulder injuries due to pitching or batting and abrasion owing to sliding are most common and knee injuries are also frequent. As for the wearing satisfaction of uniform, they want elasticity and breathability of textile to be improved; they are not satisfied with its design and fit because they think top and bottoms are much too long and uncomfortable; they often find dirt inside of the uniform during games. Besides, they find it very difficult to remove dirt from the uniform even after washing. There has been a growing population of amateur baseball players over recent years, so this study would help develop functionally improved uniform and be used for developing uniform for professional baseball players.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.264-276
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to propose HACCP system implementation properly and to secure the food safety of school foodservices in Pohang city since the proper facilities and equipment should be key factors in food safety and production. So this study was designed to evaluate existing equipment in food production area, receiving and dining area, and employee facilities. Questionnaire was mailed to 107 school foodservice dietitians in Pohang area and 97 were responded (90.7% response rate). Approximately sixty percent of foodservices were not available separate receiving or polluted area, fifty one percent were installed screen door for insecticidal and temperature and humidity control, and these environmental conditions were hard to keep kitchen dry and sanitary condition. Usually public schools were better equipped than private schools. Forty three percent of school foodservice had initial use of non-foodservice, opened before 1994, and thirty three percent of elementary school foodservice. Among employee facilities, hand washing sanitation stand was prepared seventy nine percent (78.9%) of school foodservices. Dietitians chose outworn equipment and facilities (30.9%), difficulties of maintaining standard temperature and humidity for foodservice (20.6%), lacking separate receiving or polluted area (13.4%), indirect contamination of water hoss (10.3%), and lacking employee facilities (10.3%) as critical points to correct in school foodservice. Therefore governmental regulating agencies must review and approval of plans prior to new construction or extensive remodeling of school foodservice facilities. In addition to these requirement, plan must be set-up step by step to implement HACCP system properly.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.201-205
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• 2003

맥주 공장 부산물 효모의 용도를 다양화하기 위하여 효모 슬러리를 자가 소화시키고 상등액을 농축하여 조미료로 이용할 수 있는 효모추출물을 제조하였다. 맥주 효모의 세포벽에 부착되어 있는 호프 쓴맛 성분을 제거하기 위하여 효모 슬러리에 20%(w/v) NaOH 용액을 가하여 pH 9.8로 맞추고, 약 5분간 방치한 후 즉시 원심분리하면서 물로 세척하였다. 세척 후 효모 쓴맛 정도는 24.1 bitterness unit(BU)로서 threshold value 25.0 BU 미만이었다. 세척한 효모를 자가 소화시킨 후 수율[(수득한 효모추출물의 고형분 무게)/(투입 효모슬러리의 고형분 무게)${\times}100$]을 조사한 결과, 효모슬러리 농도를 $9{\sim}10%(w/w)$로 하고, 온도 $53^{\circ}C$, pH 6.8에서 20시간 이상 자가 소화시키면 34%(w/w)이상, 최대 38%(w/w)까지의 수율로 효모 추출물을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 1992

건습식방법에 의해 제조된 중공사는 1차적으로는 방사원액 및 내외부응고제의 조성과 양 그리고 방사높이 드의 방사조건에 의해 막의 전체적인 구조 및 투과성능이 영향을 받지만 제조된 중공사의 건조과정이나 용매처리, 열처리등에 의해서도 큰 영향을 받는다. 본 실험실에서는 건습식방사법에 의해 한외여과용 폴리설폰중공사막을 제조하여 후처리조건을 변화시켜가면서 그 중공사막의 투과특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 건습식방사법에 의해 제조된 폴리설폰중공사는 건조시간이나 건조온도가 증가하면 막의 수축이 크게 일어나서 툭수헝이 크게 감소하고 역으로 용질배제율은 높아지며 한범 감소된 막의 투수성은 회복이 불가능하다. 따라서 중공사의 투과성능을 보존하기위해서는 100%글리세린으로 처리하여 막의 건조를 피해야한다는 사실과 $20^{\circ}$C의 흐르는 water에서 수세하는 경우 단시간에 중공사의 잔여용매(NMP, DMAc)를 제거하기는 어려우며 이러한 잔여용매는 중공사막의 투과성능의 안정성 및 재연성을 크게 손상시키기 때문에 열수처리를 해주어야 한다는 것을 알았다. $100^{\circ}$C 열수처리결과 단시간에 잔여용매의 제거가 가능하였으며 투과성능도 안정적으로 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권3_4호
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• pp.473-484
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• 2002

The physical characteristics of silk and wool fabrics dyed with OFS-FR and SM-FR were examined and color difference and colorfastness of these fabrics were analyzed. The results are as follows; 1. The thickness, density and weight of both dyed fabrics were increased than those of undyed fabrics independently of dyeing materials and mordants. 2. Air permeability of all the silk samples increased than that of undyed silk, on the other hand, air permeability of most of wool samples decreased than that of undyed wool. 3. Thermal insulation values of silk samples were not consistent with dyeing conditions, but those of wool samples increased than those of undyed fabrics regardless of dyeing materials and mordants. 4. Color difference was clear between OFS-FR and SM-FR dyed fabrics. The colors dyed with OFS-FR-Al and OFS-FR-chitos an showed violet, those dyed with SM-FR displayed yellowish, in addition to in case of wool, dyed with OFS-FR-Cu the color was greenish yellow, in case of silk dyed with SM-FR-Cu that was yellowish red. 5. Sense of silk fabrics by sensory-test was soft and smooth. Feeling of colors in silk fabrics was wick, warm and slightly brilliant. In case wool, sense of dyed fabrics was slightly soft and slightly rough. Feeling of colors in wool fabrics was warm but not elegant. Therefore the result of sensory-test in silk might be better than that of in wool. 6. Colorfastness to dry cleaning and perspirations was good, but that to washing and sunlight was not fine.

• 공학논문집
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 Na-Mont와 알킬 사슬 말단에 산기를 함유하는 베타인 화합물 $R_{11}SO_4$사이의 양이온 교환반응을 이산화탄소를 함유한 증류수를 사용하는 일반 조건 및 이산화탄소가 제거된 증류수를 이용한 상이한 pH 조건 하에서 수행하고, 그 거동을 살펴보았다. 결과적으로 일반 조건 하에서의 교환반응은 49 시간 후에 완전히 종료되었으며, 교환용액 하에 및 메탄올로 세척한 후와 고진공 하에서 건조한 후의 층간거리로는 $23.6\AA$ 및 17.1과 $15.0\AA$이 각각 얻어졌다. 상이한 pH 값 하에서의 교환반응 후에 pH 값 하에서의 교환반응 후에 pH 교환용액 하에서 얻은 층간거리 값은 pH 값에 상관없이 약 24.7과 $25.6\AA$ 사이에 놓였으며, 시료를 공기 및 고진공 하에서 건조한 후의 층간거리로는 약 $20.0\AA$ 및 13.8~14.4 사이의 값이 각각 얻어졌다.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2013

도서관 등에서의 책의 위생적 유통과 관리를 위한 방안을 찾기 위하여 보관되는 책 및 관련된 환경 오염원에서의 미생물 오염도를 측정하였고, 미생물 부하를 저감시키는 방안에 대하여 연구하였다. 일반적으로 책 내부 표면의 오염도는 매우 낮으며 부주의한 취급으로 침 등과 같은 액체에 의해서 오염되는 경우에 미생물 부하가 증가될 수 있었다. 그리고 책 내부 표면에 비해서 먼지가 축적되기 쉬운 옆끝면에서 미생물 오염부하가 높았다. 책에서의 미생물적 오염의 다양성을 고려할 때, 책의 청결도 유지를 위한 조작으로서는, 미생물 부하가 많은 먼지 등의 건조 분체 오염은 공기와류 장치를 사용하고, 습윤상태의 오염은 280 nm UV LED를 사용하는 것이 적절한 것으로 나타났다. UV LED에 의한 미생물 사멸에서는 2 cm 정도의 가까운 거리에서 약 5분 정도 이상의 조사가 효과적이었고, 공기 와류에 의한 건조 분체 오염부하을 저감시키는 조건으로는 풍속 5.5 m/s에서 30초~1분의 처리가 적절하였다.