• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1048-1061
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• 1996

The most important practical feature that represents the performance of a washing machine is its ability to remove stains or soils from clothes. There are various tests to measure a washing machine's ability to remove stains or soils from clothes. The results of these tests are dependent upon the kind of soiled fabrics used. Moreover, these results may reflect some aspects of the effectiveness of a washing machine in cleaning clothes due to the paritcular compositions of chemicals which comprise soils in soiled fabrics and the particular conditions in which the results are evaluated. After selecting factors presumed to have a major effect on the cleaning ability of a washing machine and choosing most widely used soiled fabrics, we use experimetal statistics methods to screen real factors from them that influence the cleaning ability of a washing machine in a statistically significant manner for each soiled fabric. Using the least number of experimental rules required to extract the necessary information, we then proceed to present the study on the relations between the sets of selected factors and the soiled fabrics. We would then suggest which soiled fabrics is the best for evaluating the performance in cleaning clothes of a washing machine based on the above study.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.431-439
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• 1996

New design principles nad necessary conditions for a mechanical system have been suggested to be kept in the design process using a washing machine transmission as a model. The necessary conditions are funcitnal requirement condition and spatial arrangement condition. The design principles to satisfy the necessary conditions are the principle of sequence and the principle of expansion. Decision sequence for state variables and design varibles of various mechanicla elements have been formulated. New automatic design program for washing machine transmission has been developed observing the necessary conditions and design principles investigated in this study. It was verified to be very effective to follow the design conditions, principles nad formulated decision sequence in mechanical system design process.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.35-41
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• 2023

Objectives : Washing face is the first step in skin beauty and health. I wanted to study the cleansing effect by using Placenta cp (cold process) soap. The skin condition is greatly influenced by the external environment such as lifestyle, drinking, smoking, and stress etc. I tried to measure the skin change state without environmental factors. Methods : In order to examine the effect before and after washing face under the same conditions, the same water and towel were used in the same place. The skin test was performed before and 10 minutes after washing. As a control group, a case of washing with water and foam cleanser. I compared and analyzed three cases: water washing, F/C (foam cleanser) washing, and Placenta cp soap washing. Results : In the case of water washing, it was significantly reduced in pores and increased in facial temperature. In the case of F/C washing, the facial temperature was significantly increased, but the decrease in moisture. In the case of washing with Placenta cp soap, significant reductions in T-zone and U-zone oil content, reduction in pore size, and increase in facial skin temperature were observed. Conclusion : In the case of Placenta cp soap, it is thought to be suitable for oily skin type, because of significant decrease in T-zone and U-zone oil content. It is thought to have the effect of increasing blood circulation in the facial skin and to reduce pores for oily skin types.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.53-61
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• 1985

This paper has been studied on the method of washing without any damage on wool, namely foam washing method. Effect of washing was obtained with experimental equipment manufactured by way of trial. but some deflects were found that the volume of detergent solution and blow ratio changed with time passes by. This difficulties should be improved by farther studies. The solution mixed with sodium oleate ($0.5\%$) and sodium carbonate ($0.3\%$) was found suitable for detergent solution, and under the conditions of washing temperature at $50\~60^{\circ}C$ and washing time for 5 minutes, the washing effect was obtained good. Desoaping treatment with $Na_2CO_3$ solution after washing might be thought to be necessary, and from the scanning electron micrographs (SEM), no damage on wool and wool sureface washed was, observed. From the results of this study foam washing of wool may be expected to be very effective.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.207-217
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• 2000

A new, high-efficiency ultrasonic fabric washing machine was developed to be an energy-efficient washing machine and to enhance fabric washing quality in washing processes of the dyeing and finishing process in the textile industry. This system is composed of ultrasonic wave generator, air blowing nozzle, torque motor for fabric tension control, and enclosed washing bath, multi-tube type exchanger, noiseless heater, air cylinder, expander roller, mangle upper and lower rollers, bend bar, dancer, shower spray nozzle, and solenoid valve, and so on. These elements are synergised for fabric washing. One of the very important principles is the low tension fabric running system. For an efficient washing effect, a counter flow system is also adopted. The new system also adopts the dancer and torque motor to control fabric tension and prevent fabric creasing. Shower spray nozzle, counter flow and overflow apparatus, and air-blowing apparatus are adopted to enhance the fabric washing effect. In this study, peach yoryu, exter, and moss crepe fabrics were washed by the general and ultrasonic washing systems under different conditions respectively. The washing efficiency was affected by the fabric running speed and characteristics of fabrics. Size content after washing increased with increasing the fabric running speed. The values in the general washing system were higher than those of the ultrasonic washing system. The changes of conductivity in the ultrasonic and the cooling bath were affected by the running time under the ultrasonic generating. The values of conductivity decreased as the experimental time passed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.298-303
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• 2020

This study examined the washing conditions for high-quality solar salt. The salinity of the washing water was set to 5 % to prevent yield loss, and the temperatures of the washing water were 5, 10, 17.5, and 20 ℃. After washing the solar salt, the moisture content, salinity, insoluble matter, and sandy powder were measured from the solar salt. In addition, the color properties, L*[lightness], a*[redness], b*[yellowness], and yield were measured. The moisture content of the salt showed a tendency to increase when the temperature of the washing water was above 10 ℃, and the salinity and yield tended to decrease as the temperature of the washing water was high. The amount of insoluble matter decreased with decreasing temperature of the washing water. In the case of sandy powder, the highest value was 0.67 % at a washing water temperature of 5 ℃, and the value was 0.57 % under the other temperature conditions. Regarding the color properties, the b* [yellowness] of the color of the solar salt increased when the washing water temperature was high. This appeared to decrease the appearance quality. According to the above results, a washing water temperature above 10 ℃ was appropriate. The development of design factors of a high-quality solar salt production system is expected with experiments to define the drying conditions after the washing process.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2018

This study comparatively analyzed the changes in the dimensional stability and the mechanical properties of stretch knit fabrics associated with washings conditions in order to determine the most appropriate washing method. Polyester and spandex knit fabrics were washed 25 cycles with nine washing condition profiles that controled detergent, hardness. temperature and RPM. The knit fabrics with repeated washings were evaluated by dimensional stability and measured by the KES-FB system. Polyester and spandex fibers have good chemical resistance. However, the changes in the dimensional stability and the mechanical properties were observed in washed knit fabrics. After repeated washings, the knit fabrics washed in an alkali or neutral detergent had good dimensional stability compared with the knit fabric washed in functional detergent. The washed knit fabrics were extended, stiff, rough, and had a smaller volume. The changes were the result of the rearrange of polyester fibers which twisted around spandex core and chemical interactions involving the detergent and the physical and mechanical forces of washing. Especially, using an alkali detergent resulted in increased stiffness and roughness of the knit fabric. In conclusion, the washing in water with low hardness and a neutral detergent can minimize the changes in dimensional stability and mechanical properties of polyester and spandex knit fabric.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.203-210
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to compare hand washing awareness and microorganism contamination on the hands for evaluating the difference between awareness and conditions of hand hygiene. The average number of total aerobic bacteria and coliform was 2.7 log CFU/hand and 1.8 log CFU/hand, respectively. Coliform bacteria were detected in all of the students tested in this study. The questionnaire survey data obtained via a direct interview were collected from 100 university students with microorganism analysis. A majority (90%) of the students recognized that good hand hygiene is important in order to prevent food poisoning. In the hand washing survey data, the responses suggesting "always washed" from "before eating food", "after handling money", "after finishing study" and "after visiting patients" were observed in 18, 13, 15 and 33 out of the 100 students, respectively. The questionnaire data of hand washing frequency and time duration showed that 14 students and 6 students answered "more than 8 times of hand washing per day" and "more than 30 seconds of hand washing time", respectively. These results indicated that improper hand washing practices and poor hand hygiene were identified in the majority of the students. This emphasizes the difference between awareness and conditions of hand hygiene. Repeated hand washing education about the frequency, time duration and methods is constantly required to improve hand hygiene. Installation of hand washing equipment in the space of a restaurant and cafeteria is suggested for enhancing hand hygiene before eating food.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.534-539
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• 2020

Experimental research is needed to provide information on the removal of bloodstains since washing clothes contaminated with blood is necessary for medical related fields (such as ambulance workers and doctors) as well as for women of childbearing age. This study investigated efficient washing conditions for the removal of bloodstains with a focus on washing temperature, fiber type and blood ageing time. Polyester/cotton fabric showed the highest detergency from among three fabrics that were influenced by the composition of the fiber and the structure of the yarn and fabric. When examining the effect of detergent, it was concluded that the alkalinity over pH 10 was essential to remove bloodstains and that auxiliary agents such as soil antiredeposition agents and bleach had a significant effect on the removal of bloodstains. Washing temperature showed the highest detergency at 20℃ due to the activity of the enzyme without the denaturalization of blood. Blood-ageing influenced detergency by inducing changes in the adsorption area and chemical bond. A combination of methods such as quick removal after contamination, use of alkaline detergents including soil antiredeposition agents and bleach, and low-temperature washing could help remove bloodstains.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.893-904
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• 1996

The main purpose of this research was to examine the purchase and use behavior of consumers related to washing machines in order to develope strategies to increase competitiveness of washing machines manufactured in Korea. Purchase and use behavior related to washing machines were examined by survey method and detailed information on washing conditions and usage of washing machines were obtained by diary method. 398 questionnaires were analyzed in the survey and 35 housewives participated in keeping the records of their washings for 30 days. The results of the survey showed that price and a tangle of clothes were the most determinant factors for purchase of washing machines and the knowledge related to washing was relatively low The diary method revealed that washing loads and frequencies of washing increase with the household size, and functions of washing machines except water level are infrequently used. Comparisons between the survey and diary results indicated that consistency between the two methods depends on the types of questions.