• 핵의학기술
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2011

광대역 재구성(wide beam reconstruction, WBR) 기법인 Xpress.cardiac$^{TM}$ 프로그램을 적용하여 기존 OSEM (ordered subsets expectation maximization) 기법과 심근 내 분절별 관류와 국소벽 운동에서의 일치율을 확인하여 WBR 기법의 임상적 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 관상동맥질환의 병력이 없고 핵의학 전문의에 의한 판독상 이상소견이 없는 총 20명(남7명, 여자13명: 정상군)과 관상동맥질환을 진단받은 총 10명(남6명, 여자4명: 비정상군)을 대상으로 휴식기 $^{201}Tl$/부하기 $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI 심근관류 SPECT를 실시하였다. 영상 획득과 재구성은 휴식기 시 투사영상당 30초, 곧바로 15초씩 영상을 얻고 부하기 시 투사영상 당 25초, 곧바로 13초씩 영상을 얻어 OSEM과 WBR 기법을 적용하였고 심근 내 분절별 관류과 국소벽 운동은 AutoQuant 프로그램의 QPS/QGS 알고리즘의 20분절 모델을 적용하였다. 관류상태는 5등급(0=정상, 1=경도, 2=중등도, 3=심한 결손, 4=섭취 없음), 국소벽 운동은 5등급(0=정상, 1=경도, 2=중등도, 3=심한운동저하, 4=무운동)으로 분류한 반정량값을 이용해 기존 OSEM 기법과 WBR 기법에서의 일치율을 평가하였다. 정상군에서 기존 OSEM 기법과 WBR 기법에서의 일치율은 휴식기 시 분절별 관류에서 99% (396/400, k=0.662, p<0.0001), 국소벽 운동에서 83.8% (335/400, k=0.283), 부하기 시 분절별 관류에서 95.8% (383/400, k=0.656), 국소벽 운동에서 87.3% (349/400, k=0.390)의 일치율을 보였다. 비정상군에서 휴식기 시 분절별 관류에서 83% (166/200, k=0.605), 국소벽 운동에서 55.5% (111/200, k=0.385), 부하기 시 분절별 관류에서 79.5% (159/200, k=0.682), 국소벽 운동에서 63.5% (127/200, k=0.486)의 일치율을 보였다. 관상동맥 질환의 진단 및 예후 예측에 있어 중요한 의미를 갖는 심근 내 분절별 관류와 국소벽 운동 기능 평가의 지표들을 이용한 WBR 기법은 기존 OSEM 기법과 비교하여 정상 비정상군 모두에서 심근 내 분절별 관류의 일치율은 높았지만 국소벽 운동에서는 의미 있게 낮은 일치율을 보였다. WBR 기법은 높은 해상도와 대조도를 제공할 수 있다고 하나 심근관류 SPECT에서의 적용은 유용성이 떨어진다고 사료된다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.28-32
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• 2014

심근 관류 SPECT 검사 중 환자의 움직임은 관류 결손과 인공물을 발생시켜 정확한 진단에 영향을 줄 수 있는 인자이다. 움직임으로 왜곡된 데이터를 보정하는 방법으로 움직임 보정방법이 개발되었고 각 방법마다 사용된 알고리즘이 다르기에 상황에 비교하고자 한다. 실험에 사용된 장비는 GE Ventri Gamma Camera와 Anthropomorphic Torso Phantom을 이용하였다. 팬텀을 환자 조건과 동일하게 하기 위하여 심근에 74 kBq/mL, 연부조직 1.1 kBq/mL, 폐 2.6 kBq/mL, 간 9.6 kBq/mL의 Tl-201을 주입하여 제작하고, 움직이는 상황에서 결손의 변화 관찰 목적으로 심근의 Anterior wall에 임의로 결손을 삽입하였다. 움직이지 않는 정상군과 일정간격(2 cm, 3 pixel) 상하 1회 이동, 상하 반복 이동, 좌우 1회 이동, 좌우 반복 이동한 데이터에 나누어 영상 획득하고 MDC, Hopkins, Stasis 방법을 적용하여 Polar map과 정량분석 Score로 비교 하였다. 환자와 동일한 조건으로 회전각 $6^{\circ}$, 50sec/frame으로 영상 획득하고, OSEM (2 iterations, 10 subsets), Butterworth filter (order 10; cutoff frequency; 0.32 cycle per pixel)를 적용, scatter correction, 감쇠보정은 적용하지 않았다. 팬텀 실험에서 세 가지 방법들에서 MDC 방법이 Visual 인공물 없이 잘 보정하였으나, 환자의 데이터에 이를 적용 하였을 때, 환자마다 움직임 보정방법 적용 결과들이 일정하지 않았다. 이는, 환자의 움직임이 일정하지 않고, 장기내의 동위원소의 비율도 다르기에 발생한다고 생각되며 추가적인 연구와 상황에 맞는 움직임 보정방법의 유동적인 사용이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.546-550
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• 2017

Ferroelectric properties are governed by domain structures and domain wall motions, so it is of significance to understand domain evolution processes under mechanical stress. In the present study, in situ piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) observation under compressive stress was carried out for a near-morphotropic PZT. Both $180^{\circ}$ and $non-180^{\circ}$ domain structures were observed from PFM images, and their habit planes were identified using electron backscatter diffraction in conjunction with PFM data. By externally applied mechanical stress, needle-like $non-180^{\circ}$ domain patterns were broadened via domain wall motions. This was interpreted via phenomenological approach such that the total energy minimization can be achieved by domain wall motion rather than domain nucleation mainly due to the local gradient energy. Meanwhile, no motion was observed from curvy $180^{\circ}$ domain walls under the mechanical stress, validating that $180^{\circ}$ domain walls are not directly influenced by mechanical stress.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1903-1908
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• 2003

The motion of a small, heavy rigid particle in the shear flow on a stationary wall is investigated in the context of Stokes flow. The lift force proposed by Saffman(1965) and later modified by Mclaughlin(1991) and Mei(1992) is considered in the prediction of the particle motion far away from the wall. Later, the expression of the lift force is modified to take into account the effect of wall(Cherukat and Mclaughlin, 1994). In the analysis the gravity and buoyancy effect are also taken into account. An analytical and numerical results for the terminal velocities and trajectories of the particle after the enough lapse of time are presented.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.417-421
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• 2013

The dominant magnetization reversal behavior of electrodeposited CoPt samples with various thicknesses deposited at different current densities was the domain wall motion by means of wall pinning. The magnetic interaction mechanism was dipolar interaction for all samples. The dipolar interaction strength was significantly affected by the sample thickness rather than by the current density, while the magnetic properties were closely related to the current density.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.171-176
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• 2003

Peristaltic mass transfer of fluid in a channel with standing wall oscillations is analyzed. Averaged nonlinear Navier-Stokes equations of motion are examined for a wide range of Reynolds numbers and external pressure drops. Nonpropogating wall oscillations with relatively big amplitudes essentially increase the liquid flow. Most effective intensifying of mass transfer occurred for low Reynolds numbers.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2023

Background The chest wall defects can be caused by various reasons. In the case of malignant tumor resection of the chest wall, it is essential to reconstruct the chest wall to cover the vital tissue and restore the pulmonary function with prevention of paradoxical motion. With our experience, we analyzed and evaluated the results and complications of the chest wall reconstructions followed by malignant tumor resection. Methods From 2013 to 2022, we reviewed a medical record of patients who received chest reconstruction due to chest wall malignant tumor resection. The following data were retrieved: patients' demographic data, tumor type, type of operation, method of chest wall reconstruction of the soft and skeletal tissue and complications. Results There were seven males and six female patients. The causes of reconstruction were 12 primary tumors and one metastatic carcinoma. The pathological types were seven sarcomas, three invasive breast carcinoma, and three squamous cell carcinomas. The skeletal reconstruction was performed in six patients. The series of the flap were eight pedicled latissimus dorsi (LD) myocutaneous flaps, two pectoralis major myocutaneous flap, two vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous free flap, and one LD free flap. Among all the cases, only one staged reconstruction and successful reconstruction without flail chest. Most of the complications were atelectasis. Conclusion In the case of accompanying multiple ribs and sternal defect, skeletal reconstruction would need skeletal reconstruction to prevent paradoxical chest wall motion. The flap for soft tissue defect be selected according to defect size and location of chest wall. With our experience, we recommend the reconstruction algorithm for chest wall defect due to malignant tumor resection.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.403-412
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• 2006

The effect of a wall temperature on the soot deposition process from a diffusion flame to a solid wall was investigated in a microgravity environment to attain in-situ observations of the process. The fuel for the flames was an ethylene ($C_2H_4$). The surrounding oxygen concentration was 35% with surrounding air temperatures of $T_a=600K$. In the study, three different wall temperatures. $T_w$=300, 600, 800K, were selected as major test conditions. Laser extinction was adopted to determine the soot volume fraction distribution between the flame and burner wall. The experimental results showed that the maximum soot volume fractions at $T_w$=300, 800 K were $8.8{\times}10^{-6},\;9.2{\times}10^{-6}$, respectively. However, amount of soot deposition on wall surface was decreased because of lower temperature gradient near the wall with increasing wall temperature. A numerical simulation was also performed to understand the motion of soot particles in the flame and the characteristics of the soot deposition to the wall. The results from the numerical simulation successfully predicted the differences in the motion of soot particles by different wall temperature near the burner surface and are in good agreement with observed soot behavior that is, the 'soot line', in microgravity.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.473-477
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• 1995

게이트 $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ 심근 SPECT의 심근 분절 운동 평가 능력을 알아보기 위하여 심초음파도 및 좌심실 조영술과 비교한 결과 각각 88%, 78%의 일치도를 보여 이 검사가 심근 분절 운동을 적절히 평가할 수 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.366-373
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• 2016

Background: The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that in patients with chronic complex sternum dehiscence, the use of muscle flap repair minimizes the occurrence of paradoxical motion of the chest wall (CWPM) when compared to sternal rewiring, eventually leading to better respiratory function and clinical outcomes during follow-up. Methods: In a propensity score matching analysis, out of 94 patients who underwent sternal reconstruction, 20 patients were selected: 10 patients underwent sternal reconstruction with bilateral pectoralis muscle flaps (group 1) and 10 underwent sternal rewiring (group 2). Eligibility criteria included the presence of hemisternum diastases associated with multiple (${\geq}$3) bone fractures and radiologic evidence of synchronous chest wall motion (CWSM). We compared radiologically assessed (volumetric computed tomography) ventilatory mechanic indices such as single lung and global vital capacity (VC), diaphragm excursion, synchronous and paradoxical chest wall motion. Results: Follow-up was 100% complete (mean $85{\pm}24months$). CWPM was inversely correlated with single lung VC (Spearman R=-0.72, p=0.0003), global VC (R=-0.51, p=0.02) and diaphragm excursion (R=-0.80, p=0.0003), whereas it proved directly correlated with dyspnea grade (Spearman R=0.51, p=0.02) and pain (R=0.59, p=0.005). Mean CWPM and single lung VC were both better in group 1, whereas there was no difference in CWSM, diaphragm excursion and global VC. Conclusion: Our study suggests that in patients with complex chronic sternal dehiscence, pectoralis muscle flap reconstruction guarantees lower CWPM and greater single-lung VC when compared with sternal rewiring and it is associated with better clinical outcomes with less pain and dyspnea.