• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare variant analysis results regarding overcrowded spaces and suggest a space analysis model for women's hospitals at the outpatient clinic department, central treatment department, and inpatient ward considering evacuation capability of newborns unable to perform automotive evacuation, pregnant patients and maternal patients with limited mobility. Methods: Firstly, precedent studies on women's hospitals and evacuation in hospitals were reviewed. Secondly, the analysis conditions and necessary set values for simulation were designed after analyzing the design documents of the research target hospital. Thirdly, evacuation simulation was conducted by adjusting the variables related to the evacuation behavior of inpatients and newborns. Fourthly, based on the derived results, overcrowded spaces were compared and analyzed according to evacuation behavior. Result: The study results are as follows: (1) It is necessary to check the main escape routes for occupants and to expand and adjust the size of mainly used entrances. (2) It is necessary to widen the stairs' width to alleviate overcrowding caused by patients with non-autonomous walking. (3) Due to overcrowding of the main escape route, it is necessary to identify the bypass route and adjust the width of the corridor. (4) It is necessary to plan an evacuation route for newborns to escape from the main escape route for occupants. Implications: The study result is expected to be used as primary data for research that considers the evacuation behavior of newborns and pregnant women in women's hospitals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.21-26
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• 2007

The computer program is developed to simulate the evacauation time for a building which is made geometrically complex. The program is intended for use both as a search and a design tool to analyze the evacuation safety through a wide range of structure environments. The computer program has a function of importing FDS's result to each individual resident in the building. These attributes include a walking speed reduction by producing visibility reduction for each person on the fire. $A^*$ pathfinding algorithm is adopted to calculate the simulation of escape movement, overtaking, route deviation, and adjustments to individual speeds due to the proximity of crowd members. Finally, a case study for a theater is presented to compared the calculated evacuation time with SIMULEX in detail. This program contribute to a computer program that evaluates the evacuation time of individual occupants as they walk towards, and through the exits especially for building, underground spaces like a subway or tunnel.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 2005

The purpose of this study were to examine actual conditions of apartment residents living with their companion animals and to identify their residential stress and needs of planning elements under those conditions. Questionnaire survey was adopted in this study, and 100 cases were used for data analysis. The subjects for this study were limited to the residents breeding pets in their apartments. The results of this study are as follows: Most of the residents share their living spaces with pets together like their family without spatial restrictions. They indicated problems related to breeding pets in their residence such as walking the dog, cleaning home, leaving pets alone, noise and unpleasant smell. However, they didn't seem to be stressed a lot for their living environments. In terms of residential planning elements, floor plans for effective natural ventilation, balcony with sufficient sunlight, sound proof system, easy-maintenance interior material, unlash area, rubbish bin, mechanical ventilation and central vacuum system and safe electric outlet were highly indicated.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.145-153
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• 2014

This study analyzes the physical environments of studio-housing and suggests alternative solutions for the problems of studio-housing. Based on solving the problems of it through previous research review, the research methods are decided on-site survey and the housing floor plan analysis. The results of this study are follows. First, parking lots make passengers uncomfortable. Narrow spaces between buildings cause problems in terms of light, ventilation, and privacy. Moreover, the short of green space makes living conditions less amenable. Second, the narrow corridors of studio-housing buildings bring about bad effects on walking and privacy. The living conditions becomes worse due to the illegal remodeling. Third, even though a multi-family housing provision for low or middle-income families is a good housing policy, new design policies or interventions are needed to make residents' behavior comfortable.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

`SOS', Simulator Of Safety assessment for fire, was developed to simulate fire safety assessment for a structure which is geometrically complex. The program(SOS) is intended to use for searching as well as designing tools to analyse the evacuation safety through a wide range of structure conditions. The computer program has a function which importing FDS's calculating results to each individual resident in the structure. These attributes include a walking speed reduction by producing visibility reduction for each person on the fire. $A^*$ pathfinding algorithm is adopted to calculate the simulation of escape movement, overtaking, route deviation, and adjustments individual speeds in accordance with the proximity of crowd members. This SOS program contributes to a computer package that evaluates the fire safety assessment of individual occupants as they walk towards, and through the exits especially for building, underground spaces like a subway or tunnel.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.246-250
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• 2006

The objective of this research was to investigate the way information is used by pedestrians in underground space. Furthermore, we wanted to know how pedestrians utilize information from signage of signs by pedestrians. Thus, we conducted an investigation on the pedestrians' walking behavior in Fukuoka City, Tenjin underground shopping centers, and 1) checked routes taken by the subjects; and 2) categorized the signs that were observed, the pedestrians' movement patterns, the way information from signage isused by the pedestrians, the signs' locations, the relationship between the spaces, the heights of the signs and the types of signs offering directions. The results showed that there is a need to solve certain problems related to the locations of the signs and the walking behaviors of the subjects. To solve the problems exhibited by the subjects' walking behaviors, we came up with a variety of guidance information that could be used. The contents of the guidance information differ depending on the specified heights for the placement of signs and the information used depending on the location. The results also showed that the continuity between places needs to be shown more effectively by the guidance system, and that too many signs are positioned in places where the frequency of use is low.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.56-65
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• 2019

This study empirically analyzes the effect of weather on pedestrian volume in an urban space. We used data from the 2009 Seoul Flow Population Survey and constructed a model with the pedestrian volume as a dependent variable and the weather and physical environment as independent variables. We constructed 28 models and compared the results to determine the effects of weather on pedestrian volume by season, land use, and time zone. A negative binomial regression model was used because the dependent variable did not have a normal distribution. The results show that weather affects the volume of walking. Rain reduced walking volume in most models, and snow and thunderstorms reduced the volume in a small number of models. The effects of the weather depended on the season and land use, and the effects of environmental factors depended on the season. The results have various policy implications. First, it is necessary to provide semi-outdoor urban spaces that can cope with snow or rain. Second, it is necessary to have different policies to encourage walking for each season.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 2024

As urbanization progresses, the demand for parks and green space is increasing. Park green spaces in the city are important spaces in the city because they are recognized as spaces where people can freely engage in outdoor activities. The park service area is a measure that shows the extent to which services are provided based on distance. In this process, the concept of accessibility plays an important role, and walking, in particular, as the most basic means of transportation for people and has a great influence on the use of parks. However, the current park service area analysis focuses on discovering underprivileged areas, so detailed evaluation of beneficiary areas is insufficient. This study seeks to evaluate park service areas based on the pedestrian accessibility and the pedestrian network. Park services are services that occur when users directly visit the park, and accessibility is expected to be reflected in terms of usability. To quantify the pedestrian network, this study used space syntax to analyze pedestrian accessibility based on integration values. The integration values are an indicators that quantify the level of accessibility of the pedestrian network, and in this study, the higher the integration value, the higher the possibility of park use. The results of the study are as follows. First, Bundang-gu's park service area accounts for 43%, and includes most sections with high pedestrian accessibility, but some sections with good pedestrian accessibility are excluded. This can be seen as a phenomenon that occurs when residential areas and commercial and business areas are given priority during the urban planning process, and then park and green areas are selected. Second, based on Bundang-gu, the park service area and pedestrian accessibility within the park service area were classified by neighborhood unit. Differences appear for each individual neighborhood unit, and it is expected that the availability of the park will vary accordingly. In addition, even in areas created during the same urban planning process, there were differences in the evaluation of park service areas according to pedestrian accessibility. Using this, it is possible to evaluate individual neighborhood units that can be reflected in living area plans, and it can be used as a useful indicator in park and green space policies that reflect this in the future.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.109-113
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the potentiality of urban forest roads as an environment for enhancing physical fitness. Six male university students participated in the study as subjects. The subjects walked on an urban forest road for 30 minutes. As a control experiment, they also walked on a national park trail for 30 minutes. Subjects' heart rates were monitored during the walks to calculate the ratio of the average time their heart rates were within the target range (from 60% to 80% of the maximal heart rate) for Enhancing Physical Fitness. After the walks, images of the spaces were analyzed using the semantic differential (SD) method. During the walk on the urban forest road, subjects' heart rates were within the target range 63.3% of the time, and lower than the target range 36.7% of the time. During the control experiment on the national park trail, subjects' heart rates were within the target range only 23.3% of the time, and higher than the target range 76.7% of the time. From the spatial perception evaluation using the SD method, subjects' comfortable and natural feelings when they were on the national park trail were significantly greater than when they were on the urban forest trail, but there were no differences in terms of other SD descriptors, such as friendliness and likeability. The results of our study indicate that the urban forest road provides a good environment for walking to enhance physical fitness. Although not as close to nature as national park trails, urban forest roads offer similar natural environments and have a high potentiality for serving as leisure spaces for urban residents who seek physical activities.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.61-69
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• 2001

This paper presents a case of community participatory neighborhood park design. The site, Yangji park, is located in Sandang-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul and the area is about 1,870m. Neighborhood park is defined as an outdoor space which is close to people´s home and is considered to be their own, because of the residents´ collective responsibility, family association, and frequent shared use. It is a place for pleasant rest area for community, sharing a sense of nature and retaining a sense of tradition and culture which is disappearing in a city. It is related to the daily life of the people near the site and becomes a place to let the community increase dialogue and understanding between people. On the other hand, participatory design is a design in which people participate in the design process. Thus people can understand the project well, present their opinions better, and reconcile conflicts between the different interests of people. This design applied a community participatory design method to design a neighborhood park. The major strategies for participatory design were ´workshop´, ´card game´, ´walking site´, ´interview´, and ´questionnaire´. Eight workshops were performed for the participation design. The major spaces and facilities elected by participants were the ´main entrance plaza´, ´entrance symbol space´, ´children´s ´playground´, ´multipurpose sport ground´, ´grass land´, ´foot-pressure area´, ´spaces symbolizing a rock mountain and an old well´, ´space for youth´, ´a pavilion´, etc. From this selection, design concept alternatives were generated by participants. The aster plan was developed from these design alternatives with the help of landscape architects. It was revised by ist visits and community discussions. People were also involved in the construction process and left their own works, such as hand prints, on the site. After construction, residents continued to maintain the park by themselves. As a result, It was found that participatory design was very effective for people´s satisfaction and sustainable park management. By involving people more in the process they developed a sense of community, a sense of ownership, and attachment to the place. In conclusion, it is suggested that we need to develop an effective people´s participation method to Korean society.