• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2023

Purpose: This study purposes to analyze the determinants of the volume of Indonesian tuna exports. Research design, data and methodology: The framework was developed from the gravity model for trade, which was expanded with additional variables of competitiveness, exchange rate, and industrial share of the destination country. The data sources used in this study are UN Comtrade and the World Bank. The data used is yearly data from 12 countries in 2001-2019. The scope of the study is limited to exports to the twelve main export destinations. Panel data regression analysis is used to determine the factors that affect the volume of Indonesian tuna exports. Results: The results show that according to the theory, Indonesia's GDP has a positive effect and economic distance has a negative effect on the volume of the exports. Meanwhile, the GDPs of the destination countries are not proven to have a positive effect. However, the higher the industrial share in the country, the higher the export volume tends to be. Conclusions: The conclusion obtained from this study is that Indonesia's GDP, economic distance, real exchange rate, industrial GDP share of the destination country, and the RCA index affect the volume of Indonesian tuna exports.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.6 s.96
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• pp.743-748
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• 2006

This paper presents results of an experimental study conducted to investigate the effect of volume fraction of fibers on the mechanical properties of a fiber-reinforced, lightweight aggregate concrete(FRLAC) that was produced without an autoclave process. The FRLAC enhanced the strength of lightweight, cellular concrete by adding polypropylene fibers and lightweight aggregates. To investigate the effect of volume fraction of fibers on the mechanical behavior of FRLAC and to determine the optimal volume fraction of fibers, a series of compression and flexural strength tests on FRLAC specimens with various fiber volume fractions(0%, 0.10%, 0.25%, 0.50%) were conducted. It was observed from the tests that a 0.25% volume fraction of fibers maximized the increase in the strength of FRLAC and the fibers controlled cracking in FRLAC.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• v.4C no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2004

This paper discusses electrical insulation characteristics at cryogenic temperature, especially focusing on partial discharge (PD) inception characteristics, for high temperature superconducting cables. In liquid nitrogen (L$N_2$) / polypropylene (PP) laminated paper composite insulation system, PD inception strength (PDIE) was evaluated in terms of volume effect and V-t characteristics. Different kinds of butt gap condition were applied in the experiments, using parallel plane and coaxial cylindrical cable samples. Experimental results revealed that the volume effect on PDIE could be evaluated by the statistical stressed liquid volume (SSLV) taking account the discharge probability not only in the butt gap but also in the other thin layers between PP laminated papers. Furthermore, the indices n of V-t characteristics at PD inception were estimated to be 80∼110, irrespective of the butt gap condition.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.482-487
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• 2009

A finite element based microstructural modeling for the size dependent strengthening of particle reinforced aluminum composites is presented. The model accounts explicitly for the enhanced strength in a discretely defined "punched zone" around the particle in an aluminum matrix composite as a result of geometrically necessary dislocations developed through a CTE mismatch. The density of geometrically necessary dislocations is calculated considering volume fraction of the particle. Results show that predicted flow stresses with different particle size are in good agreement with experiments. It is also shown that 0.2% offset yield stresses increases with smaller particles and larger volume fractions and this length-scale effect on the enhanced strength can be observed by explicitly including GND region around the particle. The strengths predicted with the inclusion of volume fraction in the density equation are slightly lower than those without.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.351-353
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• 1995

The physical origins of anomalous volume effect (Invar effect) and elastic effect (Elinvar effect) are critically examined. We found that, unlike the volume effect, the shear elastic properties are not much influenced by the ferromagnetic transition. This finding shows that the two anomalies originate from different physical origins, thus contradicting the conventional wisdom. We discuss the consequences of this finding in the light of recent experiments.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.55-56
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• 1996

Heterophase polymer system has been attractive for a potential applicability to gas separation membrane material. It has been known that there is a trade-off between gas permeability and its selectivity in common polymers. Therefore, the heterophase polymer can be an alternative for a gas separation membrane material because its transport properties can be readily controlled by blending of two different polymers. The transport properties of immiscible polymer blends strongly depend upon the intrinsic transport properties of corresponding polymers. Another important factor to determine the transport properties is their morphology: volume fraction, size and shape of dispersed phase. Although the effect of the volume fraction of the dispersed phase on the transport properties has been widely investigated, the size and shape effects have been paid attention very much. In an immiscible polymer blend of two polymers, its morphology is primarily controlled by its volume fraction of dispersed phase. Therefore, the effect of the size of the dispersed phase can be hardly seen. Therefore, a block copolymer has been commonly employed to control their morphology when each block is miscible with one or the other phase. In this work, gas transport properties will be measured by varying the morphology of the heterophase polymer membrane. The transport properties will be interpreted in terms of their morphology. The effect of the volume fraction of the PI phase and, in particular, its size effect will be investigated experimentally and theoretically.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.290-298
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• 1996

Direct Containment Heating, DCH, is supposed to occur during a core melt-down accident if the primary system pressure is still high at the time of vessel breach in a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). In this case, DCH is considered to be one of very important severe phenomena during postulated severe accident scenario because of the fast heat transfer rate to atmosphere and the sharp pressure increase in a containment. To reduce the effect of this DCH phenomena, the capture volume wes designed at Ulchin NPP units 3 and 4. But, the effect of this has not been studied extensively. This work consists of experimental and numerical analyses of the effects of capture volume in the cavity on DCH phenomena. The experimental model is a 1/30 scaled-down model of Ulchin NPP units 3 and 4. We used three types of capture volumes to investigate the effect of size. Numerical analysis using CONTAIN 1.2 is performed with the correlation for the dispersed fraction of molten corium from the cavity into the containment derived from the experimental data to examine the effect of capture volume on DCH phenomena in full scale of Ulchin NPP units 3 and 4.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.168-169
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• 2019

This study examined the effect of foam volume ratio and curing temperature the air dry density and compressive strength of lightweight concrete using bottom ash. Test results showed that the lightweight concrete possessed the compressive strength of 3.4~22.7 MPa at the air dry density of 1,041~1,583 kg/m3.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.301-307
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was an determine whether elastic band on treadmill training might effect the chest expansion and pulmonary function of the 20's men. 40 subjects with experimental group(male: 20) and control group(male: 20) was participated in experiment. During four weeks, each group participated thirty minutes for three times per week. Subjects were assessed using pre-value and post-value measurement chest length(chest length for resting, chest expansion) and pulmonary function(forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at one second, FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow, vital capacity, tidal volume, expiratory reserve volume, inspiratory reserve volume) by the CardioTouch 3000S(BIONET, USA). These findings suggest that experimental group can be used to improve chest expansion, pulmonary function than control group. In comparison of both groups, post-test was more improved in experimental group. In conclusion, experimental group helped improving function of pulmonary volume and respiratory muscle, and thus it indicates that the functions will be more improved through the continued respiratory exercise program.

• Journal of International Society for Simulation Surgery
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.71-74
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• 2014

Purpose The prominent mandible angle, otherwise known as "square face", has been recognized as an aesthetic problem that needs correction by many in the Asian community. Many surgeons considered that mandible angle ostectomy alone, brings about hypotrophy of the masseter muscle. However, it was only proven indirectly (by clinical experience and histological animal experiments) and not objectively. In this study, we evaluated the volume of masseter muscle to prove the effect, objectively. Materials and method Computed tomography (CT) images were used to measure the masseter muscle volume of normal female group (n=6), and of female patient group n=8, preoperative and early & late postoperative volumes) presenting the symptom of prominent mandible angle. The data was analyzed statistically by two-sample t-test and paired t-test using SAS (version 8.2). Results In normal female group, volume average was $16,142{\pm}2,829.8mm^3$. In patient group, preoperative volume averaged $24,447{\pm}4,544.5mm^3$ (p<0.0001), early postoperative volume measured average of $31,966{\pm}50,421mm^3$ which is a 30% increase from the preoperative volume (p<0.0001). Late postoperative measurement was $20,202{\pm}4,092.3mm^3$, which is a 20% decrease from the preoperative volume (p<0.0006). Conclusion The bone reduction of prominent mandible angle induce the hypotrophic effect of masseter muscle after long term follow up (5 more months). This result mean that the result of mandible angle contouring surgery can be considered as combined effect of bony angle reduction and subsequent masseter muscle hypotrophy.