• 설비공학논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.398-410
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• 1998

Two-phase flow phenomena are observed in many industrial facilities and make much importance of optimum design for nuclear power plant and the liquid transportation system. The particular flow pattern depends on the conditions of pressure, flow velocity, and channel geometry. However, the research on drag reduction in two-phase flow is not intensively investigated. Therefore, experimental investigations have been carried out to analyze the drag reduction and void fraction by polymer addition in the two-phase flow system. We find that the polymer solution changes the characteristic of two-phase flow. The peak position of local void friction moves from tile wall of the pipe to the center of the pipe when polymer concentration increase. And then we predict that it is closely related with the frau reduction.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집C
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• pp.246-250
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• 2001

In resin transfer molding (RTM), resin is forced to flow through the fiber perform of inhomogeneous permeability. This inhomogeneity is responsible for the mismatch of resin velocity within and between the fiber tows. The capillary pressure of the fiber tows exacerbates the spatial variation of the resin velocity. The resulting microscopic perturbations of resin velocity at the flow front allow numerous air voids to form. In this study, a mathematical model was developed to predict the formation and migration of micro-voids during resin transfer molding. A transport equation was employed to account for the migration of voids between fiber tows. Incorporating the proposed model into a resin flow simulator, the volumetric content of micro-voids in the preform could be obtained during the simulation of resin impregnation.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2016

동 제련 과정에서 발생되는 동 슬래그는 국내에서 년간 70만톤 이상이 발생되고 있어 산업부산물의 건설소재로서의 재활용에 대한 관심이 증가되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 동 제련 슬래그의 3가지 유형의 입도형상과 잔골재로 사용된 강사의 대체 치환율 변화를 실험변수로 선정하여, 동 슬래그를 사용한 시멘트 모르타르의 강도 및 공극구조 특성, 황산 침지 저항성 등의 실험을 통해 건설용 골재로서의 사용가능성을 평가하고자 하였다. 실험결과 동 제련 슬래그 입도는 강도에 미치는 영향인자로 확인되었으며 동 제련 슬래그 잔골재 치환율 60 %인 경우가 가장 높은 강도를 보였다. 또한 잔골재를 동 제련 슬래그로 치환함으로 인해 기공크기가 감소되는 것으로 나타났으며, 황산에 대한 저항성도 증가되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2013

간극비는 지반 특성을 나타내는 중요한 인자로서 대상 지반의 기본적 성질, 압축성, 다짐 등의 다양한 공학적 거동을 반영한다. 간극비는 현장의 시료를 채취한 후 실내 실험을 통하여 현장 상태와 동일한 조건의 값을 결정하고 있다. 하지만, 이와 같은 방법은 시료채취 시 발생하는 응력해방, 운반 과정에서 유발되는 시료진동, 그리고 실험 준비과정에서 발생하는 오차 요인으로 참값을 반영하지 못하는 한계가 있다. 이를 해소하고자 현장에서 획득한 탄성파 속도로 간극비를 도출 할 수 있는 다양한 이론식들이 제안되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 현장에서 획득한 탄성파 속도를 이용하여 기존 이론식으로 간극비를 도출하고, 각 이론식들의 특성을 오차규범(error norm) 방법으로 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 이론식은 Wood 방법, Gassmann 방법 그리고 Foti 방법으로 총 3가지이며, 탄성파 속도외의 입력값들은 문헌값을 이용하여 결정하였다. 현장 탄성파 속도는 기존에 개발되어 다양한 현장에 활용되고 있는 현장 탄성파 속도 프로브 (Field Velocity Probe: FVP)를 이용하였으며, 실험은 광양지역에서 수행하였다. 이론식으로 분석된 간극비 결과는 현장에서 채취한 압밀실험 결과값과 비교하여 신뢰성을 검증하였으며 Gassmann 방법이 가장 신뢰성 높게 나타났다. 뿐만아니라 각 식들이 가지고 있는 오차를 분석하기 위하여 하나의 함수 값을 변화시키며 도출되는 간극비 값의 신뢰성을 분석하였다. 분석결과 각 이론식 마다 인자들에 의하여 다양한 특성을 보였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 도출된 결과를 이용하여 현장 특성에 맞는 이론식을 선택한다면 현장에서 더욱 신뢰성 높은 간극비 주상도를 도출 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제42권
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• pp.85-91
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• 2000

Dwindling supplies and increasing costs of conventional highway materials used in road construction as well as concerns over shrinking landfill spaces prompt researchers to investigate the use of waste products, such as fly ash, as substitute materials in highway construction. The highway industry is capable of utilizing waste materials in large quantities if their effect on pavement performance proves to be technically, economically and environmentally satisfactory. This research examines the effects of fly ash when used as partial replacement of aggregate in asphaltic concrete mixtures. And measuring the effect of fly ash on bulk specific gravity, air void, indirect tensile strength (ITS) under dry and wet conditioning as well as the tensile strength ratio (TSR) of asphaltic concrete mixture. The results indicated that asphaltic concrete mixtures containing 2% and 5% fly ash produced about the same TSR value as control mixture. And all of the mixtures met the minimum ITS and TSR requirements established by the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SC DOT) for Type 1A surface courses. At this point and with this limited study, these asphaltic concrete mixtures is recommended in several applications such as parking lot, secondary roads and driveways.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.1159-1165
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• 2007

이 연구에서는 시료의 이동과 보관이 시료교란에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 전라남도 광양시 OO지역에서 채취한 불교란 시료에 대해 현장과 서울 실험실, 그리고 서울 실험실에서 4주간 보관한 후 일축압축, 압밀시험을 수행하였다. 시험결과 얻은 파괴변형률$(\epsilon_f)$, 체적변형률$(\epsilon_{\nu})$, 간극비 변화량$({\Delta}e/e_0)$를 이용하여 시료교란도 평가를 수행하였고, 평가된 시료교란등급을 이용하여 이동과 보관에 대한 시료의 교란정도를 비교, 분석하였다. 연구결과 시료 이동과 보관이 시료교란에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.603-609
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• 2022

Passivation quality is mainly governed by epitaxial growth of crystalline silicon wafer surface. Void-rich intrinsic a-Si:H interfacial layer could offer higher resistivity of the c-Si surface and hence a better device efficiency as well. To reduce the resistivity of the contact area, a modification of void-rich intrinsic layer of a-Si:H towards more ordered state with a higher density is adopted by adapting its thickness and reducing its series resistance significantly, but it slightly decreases passivation quality. Higher resistance is not dominated by asymmetric effects like different band offsets for electrons or holes. In this study, multilayer of intrinsic a-Si:H layers were used. The first one with a void-rich was a-Si:H(I₁) and the next one a-SiO_x:H(I₂) were used, where a-SiO_x:H(I₂) had relatively larger band gap of ~2.07 eV than that of a-Si:H (I₁). Using a-SiO_x:H as I₂ layer was expected to increase transparency, which could lead to an easy carrier transport. Also, higher implied voltage than the conventional structure was expected. This means that the a-SiO_x:H could be a promising material for a high-quality passivation of c-Si. In addition, the i-a-SiO_x:H microstructure can help the carrier transportation through tunneling and thermal emission.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2007

The concrete pavement of the Seohae Highway in Korea has suffered from serious distress, only four to seven years after construction. Deterioration due to Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) has seldom been reported per se in Korea, because the aggregate used for the cement concrete has been considered safe against alkali-silica reaction so far. The purpose of this study is to examine the deterioration caused by an alkali-silica reaction of concrete pavement in Korea. The investigation methods included visual inspection and Automatic Road Analyzer (ARAN) analysis of surface cracks, coring for internal cracks, stereo microscopic analysis, scanning electronic microscope (SEM) analysis, and electron dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) analysis. The results are presented as follows: the crack pattern of the concrete pavement in Korea was longitudinal cracking, map cracking or D-cracking. Local areas of damage were noticed four to five years after construction. The cracks started from edges or joints and spread out to slabs. The most intensive cracking was observed at the intersection of the transverse and longitudinal joints. Where cracking was the most intense, pieces of concrete and aggregate had spalled away from top surface and joint interface area. The progress of deterioration was very fast. The reaction product of alkali-silica gel was clearly identified by its generally colorless, white, or very pale yellow hue seen through a stereo optical microscopy. The typical locations of the reaction product were at the interface between aggregate and cement paste in a shape of a rim, within aggregate particles in the cracks, and in the large void in the cement paste. Most of the white products were found at interface or internal aggregates. SEM and EDX analysis confirmed that the white gel was a typical reaction product of ASR. The ASR gel in Korea mainly consisted of Silicate (Si) and Potassium (K) from the cement. The crack in the concrete pavement was caused by ASR. It seems that Korea is no longer safe from alkali-silica reaction.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2017

Because the running speed of vehicles is increasing and a shorter braking distance is required, high heat-resistant brake pads are needed to satisfy the requirements of customers and car makers. In the near future, hazardous materials such as Cu, Cr, Zn, and Sb will be restricted from use in friction materials. Ceramic composites reinforced by carbon fibers are good candidates for eco-friendly friction materials. In this study, we develop ceramic composite friction materials. The friction materials are composed of carbon fibers, Si, SiC, graphite, and phenol resin and are prepared by hot forming and heat treatment at high temperatures. The density, void ratio, and compressive strength are $1.59-1.66g/cm^3$, 16.6-20, and 70-90 MPa, respectively. Friction and wear tests are performed using a pin-on-plate-type reciprocating friction tester at 25, 100, and $200^{\circ}C$. The counterpart material is a CrMoV steel extracted from a KTX brake disc. Friction coefficient, wear amount, and wear mechanism are measured and examined. We determine that the friction coefficients depend on the temperature and the fluctuation of the friction coefficients is larger at higher temperatures. The amount of wear increases with the surface temperatures of the specimens. The tribological properties of the developed composites are similar to those of a Cu-based sintered friction material. Through this study, it is confirmed that ceramic composite materials can be used as friction materials.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2007

지금도 불포화토의 특성곡선에 대한 연구는 계속 진행되고 있지만, 지금까지 발표된 특성곡선은 흙의 한가지 상태나 특성을 나타내도록 유도되어 광범위한 적용이 어려운 것은 사실이다. 따라서, 흙의 상태를 범용적으로 나타낼 수 있는 특성곡선을 개발하기 위해서는 현재까지 발표된 특성곡선의 적용성을 평가하여 문제점을 파악하는 것이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 화강풍화토를 대상으로 함수특성곡선실험을 실시한 결과를 바탕으로 간극비에 따른 흙-수분 특성곡선 방정식을 분석하여 간극비에 따른 포화도를 예측하였으며 기존에 제안된 특성식에 대하여 적용성을 검증하였다.