• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2017

There are three sorts of voices of female vocalists: soprano, mezzo-soprano, and contralto according to the transliteration. Among them, the soprano has the highest vocal range. Since the voice is generated through the human vocal tract based on the voice generation model, it is greatly influenced by the vocal tract. The structure of vocal organs differs from person to person, and the formants characteristic of vocalization differ accordingly. The formant characteristic refers to a characteristic in which a specific frequency band appears distinctly due to resonance occurring in each vocal tract in the vocal process. Formant characteristics include personality that occurs in the throat, jaw, lips, and teeth, as well as phonological properties of phonemes. The first formant is the throat, the second formant is the jaw, the third formant and the fourth formant are caused by the resonance phenomenon in the lips and the teeth. Among them, pronunciation is influenced not only by phonological information but also by jaws, lips and teeth. When the mouth is small or the jaw is stiff when pronouncing, pronunciation becomes unclear. Therefore, the higher the accuracy of the pronunciation characteristics, the more clearly the formant characteristics appear in the grammar spectrum. However, many soprano singers can not open their mouths because their jaws, lips, teeth, and facial muscles are rigid to maintain high tones when singing, which makes the pronunciation unclear and thus the formant characteristics become unclear. In this paper, in order to confirm the accuracy of the pronunciation characteristics of soprano singers, the experimental group was selected as the soprano singers A, B, C, D, E of Korea and analyzed the grammar spectrum and conducted the MOS test for pronunciation recognition. As a result, soprano singer B showed a clear recognition from F1 to F5 and MOS test result showed the highest recognition rate with 4.6 points. Soprano singers A, C, and D appear from F1 to F3, but it was difficult to find formants above 2kHz. Finally, the soprano singer E had difficulty in finding the formant as a whole, and MOS test showed the lowest recognition rate at 2.1 points. Therefore, we confirmed that the soprano singer B, which exhibits the most distinct formant characteristics in the grammar spectrum, has the best pronunciation accuracy.

• 음성과학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.103-116
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• 2008

Cerebral palsy children represent abnormal vocalization pattern caused by respiration problem and paralyzed oral motor muscle that are the basics of speech production. Thus, this study examined the effect of respiration and articulator training programs on the basic ability of speech production in CP children. The subjects of this study were 4 children with 3 of spastic CP and 1 of ataxia CP. The respiration and articulator program was conducted in 30 sessions for 30 minutes each. Pre-test was administered twice before the program, ongoing test was administered every 5 session during the period of experiment, and post-test was administered twice. The program included speech production such as respiration training, lips, jaw, cheek, and tongue exercise, and velopharyngeal training, and related articulator training. The following results were obtained. First, all subject children were less than 5 seconds in maximum phonation time before the experiment and 2 were improved by more than 4$\sim$5 seconds during the experiment, but 2 had relatively low rising width. Second, while children with less than 30dB before the experiment became bigger in strength during the experiment, children with more than 35dB before the experiment showed a minor change. Subject child 4 had lower vocal strength in the post-test period. Finally, although each subject had individual difference in syllable diadochokinetic ability, the function was improved and the number of repetition in one respiration was also increased.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2022

Hunminjeongeum had 17 initial consonant letters. Among them, five consonant letters, those are ㄱ (牙音, molar sound letter), ㄴ (舌音, lingual sound letter), ㅁ(脣音, labial sound letter), ㅅ (齒音, dental sound letter), ㅇ (喉音, guttural sound letter), were served as chief consonants. There was no argument that consonant letters were made by symbolizing the shape of vocal organs during phonation of them. It could be phoniatrically explained that all of five chief consonants were morphologically symbolized from left lateral view of vocal tract during articulation. Although 'ㄱ' was known as molar sound, it was not modeled the shape of molar tooth but modeled the shape of tongue at molar teeth bearing area. The same principle applies to 'ㅅ', and it was represented the shape of upper surface of anterior tongue instead of incisor teeth. 'ㄴ' was a lingual sound and directly shaped the shape of tongue. 'ㄷ' was made by addition of a stroke 'ㅡ' meaning hard palate above 'ㄴ'. 'ㅁ' was represented the shape of lateral view of anterior mouth. 'ㅇ' was looked like shaping left lateral view of laryngopharyngeal space.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.159-184
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• 1997

A Literature study on the language disturbance, the results are as follows; 1. Utterance was closely concerned not only the vocal organs(pharynx, larynx, epiglottis, lips, tongue, vocal cord etc,) but also five viscera{especially heart, lung, kidney etc.) in The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine. It is very like the vocal mechanism in Medical science. 2. In the language disturbance, It is classified with dysarthria and dysphasia in Medical science. But in Oriental medicine, it is expressed the language disturbance as coma-speech lessness, stiff tongue-speechlessness, frightening-speechlessness etc. Especially in Oriental medicine, Non-utterance is called aphasia in literature study. 3. In the concern of the language disturbance and five viscera, $Heart{\cdot}Lung{\cdot}Kidney$ are counted of first importence. In differential diagnosis, It is divided sthenia-syndrome and asthenia-syndrome. Sthenia-syndrome is classified with wind-cold, fire-evil, adverseness of vital energy, stagnation of phlegm, is easy to cure. Asthenia-syndrome is classified with sexual desire, anxiety-meditation, fear, is hard to cure. 4. The pathogenesis of dysphasia originated from two factors; The first internal damages are consumption of body fluid caused by lung-dryness and yin-dificiency of lung & kidney. The second disease caused by exogenous evjls is sluggishness of lung-energy. 5. In many using points of acupuncture of the language disturbance, the order is LI-4(合谷), H-7(神門), K-l(湧泉), L-3(太衝), K-3(太谿), S-6(三陰交), H-5(通里), G-15(아門), C-23(廉泉), S-40(豊降), K-6(照海), L-7(列缺), S-36(足三里) etc.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제36권7B호
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• pp.834-840
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• 2011

현대사회에서 만성질환은 고령인구의 건강한 삶을 위협하는 요소이며 당뇨 및 고혈압은 신장 기능의 파괴를 초래하고 악화될 경우 혈액투석, 인공장기, 장기이식술 등의 치료를 받아야 하는 위험한 질환이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 당뇨 및 고혈압 환자들을 대상으로 혈액투석 치료에 따른 성대 진동 요소의 변화를 측정하여 혈액투석 치료가 성대 진동에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 이를 위해 발음에 문제가 없는 당뇨 및 고혈압 환자들을 피실험자로 선정하고 이들의 혈액투석 전과 후의 음성을 수집하여 성대 진동과 관련된 Jitter 및 Shimmer 분석 요소를 적용하여 변화되는 정도를 비교, 분석하는 실험을 수행하였다. 결론적으로 당뇨 및 고혈압 환자를 대상으로 한 혈액 투석 치료가 신장 기능의 향상에 도움이 되는 것을 성대 진동의 안정성이 향상되는 실험 결과로 도출하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.2975-2981
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 얼굴 영상 처리와 음성 신호처리를 적용하여 오미자차가 인체 장기에 효과가 있는 차인지 그리고 있다면 어느 장기에 효용이 있는지에 대한 분석 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 위해 우선 영상처리를 통해 오미자차를 섭취하기 전과 후의 얼굴 영상에서 우측 뺨 영역의 색상 변화를 비교 분석하였다. 아울러 오미자차 효능에 대해 보다 많은 사실 확보를 위해 성대 진동 및 음성 에너지의 크기를 분석하는 음성분석 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 오미자차 섭취에 의해 폐의 기능이 원활해지면서 성대 진동 및 에너지 크기가 안정적으로 변했으며 오른쪽 뺨 부위의 b값이 증가하는 현상이 나타났다.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2002년도 11월 학술대회지
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• pp.47-50
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• 2002

This paper is to introduce 'Dr. Speaking', which was recently developed by Eonon Inc.. 'Dr. Speaking' is an English pronunciation tutoring system. This has three distinguishing features. First, it teaches how to organize a speaker's vocal organs to pronounce accurately. Second, after it compares a speaker's pronunciation with that of a native speaker's, it grades that speaker's pronunciation level according to phonetic standards. Third, it provides proper information necessary for correcting a speaker's incorrect pronunciation. It is not always easy for a tutoring system to execute the above three almost simutaneously. However, 'Dr. Speaking' proved itself that it is possible by adding speech technology (e.g. speech recognition) to phonetic knowledge.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 1996

In this study, remote articulation training system which connects the hearing disabled trainee and the speech therapist via B-ISDN is introduced. The hearing disabled does not have the hearing feedback of his own pronuciation, and the chance of watching his speech organs movement trajectory will offer him the self-training of articulation. So the system has two purposes of self articulation training and trainer's on-line checking in remote place. We estimate the vocal tract articultory movements from the speech signal using inverse modelling and display the movement trajectoy on the sideview of human face graphically. The trajectories of trainees articulation is displayed along with the reference trajectories, so the trainee can control his articulating to make the two trajectories overlapped. For on-line communication and ckecking training record the system has the function of video conferencing and tranferring articulatory data.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.516-527
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• 2008

Sounds and music have been used in various ways in the East and the West, as it is well known that they influence the human mind and health a lot. Recently, there have been many studies regarding the remedy through sounds and music in the West and they have made good effects in the actual therapy. In the East, people knew that sounds and music would make great effects on human mind long time ago and they placed importance on sounds and music. Although there is a Sound Therapy in Oriental Medicine, it is not studied sufficiently in modern Oriental Medicine. It does not have clear standards for the clinical application and has not been frequently used. Accordingly, Yukjagyeol which has long been used in Korean Medicine and Younggamudo which was made by Kim Il-bu in late Chosun were compared from the perspective of acoustics and demonstrative treatment theory of Korean Medicine. Younggamudo by Kim il-bu allot the five sounds such as 'Eum, Ah, Eo, Ih and Uh' to 'spleen, lung, liver, heart and kidney' respectively. As the five sounds are all vowels and vibrate the vocal band as much as possible, they vibrate and resonant the respective organs to help them to function and promote circulation. In oriental medicine, there is 'Singing and Dancing Treatment'. They say songs and dances nurtures personality, supplement blood stream and comfort the mind. As the five sounds of Younggamudo take the melody while vibrating the vocal band sufficiently, when it passes from Youngto Ga(Songs) we may dance moving our bodies according to the rhythm. Therefore Gongbeop of Younggamudo helps the functionality of human organs and promotes blood circulation. As Yukjagyeol is Sabeop(discharging method), it should be used for those who have surplus Sagi and should not use for Heojeung. As Younggamudo is Bobeop(supplementing method), it is not for Shiljeung but for Heojeung which lacks of Jeonggi. It is considered that healthy people without specific disease can use it as a preventive method of 'Chimijeong' to maintain their physical and mental health. It is considered that we can have useful effects if we apply Yukjagyeol and Younggamudo dialectically with the concept of Bosa. It is considered that concrete application to Sound Gigong can be possible by searching for the methodology for empirical further study and clinical experiments and clinical application in the future.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1996년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.114-117
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• 1996

In this study, remote articulation training system which connects the hearing disabled trainee and the speech therapist via B-ISDN is introduced. The hearing disabled does not have the hearing feedback of his own pronunciation, and the chance of watching his speech organs' movement trajectory will offer him the self-training of articulation. So the system has two purposes of self articulation training and trainer's on-line checking in remote place. We estimate the vocal tract articulatory movements from the speech signal using inverse modelling and display the movement trajectory on the sideview of human face graphically. The trajectories of trainees' articulation is displayed along with the reference trajectories, so the trainee can control his articulating to make the two trajectories overlapped. For on-line communication and ckecking training record, the system has the function of video conferencing and transferring articulatory data.