• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2004

Food irradiation has been steadily increased in many countries concomitantly with increasing international trades and concerns about naturally occurring harmful contaminants of food. Although, irradiation provides an excellent safeguard for the consumer by destroying harmful bacteria, it would be necessary to investigate nutritional adequacy of irradiated foods with a special emphasis on such foods as red pepper powders, cold-water fishes (mackerel), sesame seeds that are widely consumed in Korea. These food items are of special concern due to the fact that most of them are imported and that several nutrients contained in them are sensitively reacting to irradiation. We observed changes in the antioxidant nutrients contents, such as vitamin A, $\beta$-carotene, vitamin C and total phenol, and also vitamin B$_1$ in the foods that were irradiated at different dose levels. The nutrients contents in red pepper were respectively 98.6% and 92.3％ for total phenol, and 97.8% and 94.5% for $\beta$-carotene, right after irradiation at the dose of 10 and 20 kGy. The vitamin C contents decreased with irradiation doses up to 76.4% (10 kGy) and 68.5% (20 kGy) and B$_1$ contents decreased to 54.9% and 80.7% of non irradiated red pepper. When the mackerel was irradiated at the applied dose of 3 and 7 kGy, total phenol concentration of the irradiated fish was respectively 91.3% and 94.2% of non irradiated fish. The amounts of vitamin A were 82.6% (3 kGy) and 78.0% (7 kGy) of unirradiated sample and vitamin B$_1$ contents reduced to 30.5% and 51.5%. $\alpha$-Tocopherol content was 33.9% of the non-irradiated one when it was irradiated at 7 kGy. Vitamin A and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol contents in sesame seeds linearly decreased with the applied doses (5 and 10 kGy) Vitamin A contents decreased up to 87.8% (5 kGy) and 82.9% (10 kGy) and that of ${\gamma}$-tocopherol were 72.4% and 66.5% of the unirradiated sample.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 1998

Plasma concentrations of Vitamins E and A were measured in 15 non-insulin dependent Korean female subjects and 15 age-matched normal subjects using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. No differences were found in plasma Vitamin E concentrations between the 2 groups. Plasma Vitamin A concentrations were higher in subjects with non-insulin dependent diabetes melitus (NIDDM). The effects were evaluated of 4 weeks of daily supplementation of 400 mg Vitamin E on plasma levels of these two vitamins. In addition, the effects were observed for Vitamin E supplementation on oxidative stress and immune-related compound productions in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients and control subjects. After treatment with Vitamin E, plasma Vitamin E concentrations were significantly elevated in both groups. Basal plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBABS) were identical, and a decreased level of TBARS caused by Vitamin E was observed only in the diabetic group (0.02739$\pm$0.0024 versus 0.01814$\pm$0.0008 nmols malondialdehyde equivalents/dl plasma ; p<0.05). The basal and after-treatment levels of immunoglobulins A, G, M were identical in control and diabetic groups, indicating that Vitamin E did not appear to alter gross humoral responses in this study. However, elevation of Complement 3 ($C_3$) was noticed due to Vitamin E supplementation, revealing a possible effect of vitamin E on one aspect of humoral immunity, Furthermore, an increase in prostaglandin E_2 ($PGE_2$) levels in diabetic patients was normalized by Vitamin E supplementation. This suggests indirectly that the depressed cell-mediated response due to elevated $PGE_2$ could be normalized. For the definitive antioxidant intake recommendations for prevention and treatment of adverse effects of non-insulin dependent diabetes, evidence from intervention trials like this study should be collected. The present data suggests that Vitamin E may oxen some protective effects against oxidative damage and might have beneficial effects of partial immune-stimulation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this review is to comprehensively summarize the definition of vitamin D as a nutrient as well as a hormone-like molecule and its new function in prevention of various chronic diseases. Methods: The review was written by the method for systematic reivew writing. Literatures from the various sources, including research articles, book chapters, proceedings and electronic materials as appropriate, were screened first and then reviewed and analyzed for the review. Results: Vitamin D was originally considered as the essential nutrient as a vital carbon compound and was first discovered among children with osteomalacia, also known as ricket disease, characterized by poorly calcified bones which were easily bent rather than broken. Since that time, vitamin D has been known as the key nutrient to improve bone health. However, recently emerging study findings have shown that vitamin D acts as the hormone-like nutrient since it is synthesized like a hormone when our body needs and this particular vitamin also acts like a cell signaling ligand which regulates gene expression of various proteins. So far positive effects of vitamin D have been suggested for the action of anticancer, anti-immune function, and anti-cardiovascular disease, as well as antidiabetic function, etc. In this review, the definition for vitamin D as a nutrient vitamin as well as a hormone-like molecule, cell signaling mechanism of vitamin D, and finally the potential role for the prevention of chronic diseases are discussed. Conclusion: Vitamin D is now being considered as a vital nutrient as a vitamin and as a potential substance for prevention of several chronic diseases.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.884-891
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• 2006

The effect of dietary vitamin E supplementation on immune responses was studied in breeder chickens during the maturing period. In experiment 1, 17-week old female birds were fed corn-soybean meal based diets supplemented with either 0, 40, 80, 120, or 160 mg vitamin E (all-rac-${\alpha}$-tocopherol acetate)/kg diet for 19 weeks. In experiment 2, 23-week old male birds were fed the corn-soybean meal based diet supplemented with either 0, 20, 40, 80 or 160 mg vitamin E/kg diet for 8 weeks. The chickens were evaluated for growth performance, antibody titer to sheep red blood cell (SRBC), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and skin response to phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P). The results showed that supplemental vitamin E improved body weigh gain of laying pullets during peak-laying period but had no significant effect on growth performance of cockerels. For cockerels, addition of 20 mg vitamin E/kg diet significantly enhanced (p<0.05) immune response to SRBC compared to those added with 0, 80 and 160 mg vitamin E/kg diet; addition of 20 mg vitamin E/kg diet had higher (p<0.01) antibody titer to IBDV than those added with 40-160 mg vitamin E/kg diet. No significant effects on immune response were observed in laying pullets fed supplemental vitamin E. The findings suggest that moderate supplementation of vitamin E may enhance immune responses to selective antigens in cockerels but excessive vitamin E may depress specific immune response.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.495-502
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• 2013

Recent studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency and cardiometabolic disorders are becoming increasingly more prevalent across multiple populations. However, there is a lack of comprehensive data for Korean adults. We investigated the vitamin D status, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association with metabolic syndrome (MS) risk in Korean adults aged 20 years or older. The study subjects (n = 18,305) were individuals who participated in the Korean National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) in 2008-2010. Vitamin D status (25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]) was categorized as < 20, 21-29, and ${\geq}$ 30 ng/mL, which are the cut-off points for deficiency, insufficiency and normal limits. A wide variety of cardiometabolic risk factors were compared according to the vitamin D status. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 53.9% of men and 70.5% of women. Mean BMI, systolic BP, HbA1c and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were highest in the vitamin D deficiency group in both genders. Further, the MS was most prevalent in the vitamin D deficiency group in both genders (12.3%, P = 0.002 in men and 9.2%, P < 0.001 in women). Compared to the vitamin D normal group, the adjusted odds ratio (ORs) (95% confidence interval [95% CI]) for MS in the vitamin D deficiency group were 1.46 (1.05-2.02) in men and 1.60 (1.21-2.11) in women, after adjusting for confounding variables. In conclusion, Vitamin D deficiency is a very common health problem in Korean adults and is independently associated with the increasing risk of MS.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.120-128
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the relative impact of seasonal differences and age on dietary vitamin D intakes, outdoor activity time and serum vitamin D status among Korean postmenopausal women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 164 free-living postmenopausal women (mean age=55.4 years) in Daegu, Korea. Dietary intake, daily physical activity patterns and fasting blood samples were collected during summer and winter. We compared the results from 75 women during summer and 89 women during winter. Dietary intake of vitamin D was assessed by 24-hour recall method. Daily outdoor activity time was derived from physical activity diary. Results: The average dietary intake of vitamin D of the participants was $3.7{\mu}g$ during summer, $3.3{\mu}g$ during winter, showing no significant difference between the two seasons. The average time spent on outdoor activities was not significantly different between summer ($=35.1{\pm}75.0min/d$) and winter ($=48.5{\pm}76.8min/d$). The average serum 25-(OH) vitamin D concentrations of participants was $17.5{\pm}7.5ng/mL$ in the summer and $13.4{\pm}4.3ng/mL$ in the winter, showing no significant differences by season. Dietary intake of vitamin D was not related to age. When total subjects were divided into two groups by age, the average serum 25-(OH) vitamin D concentration was significantly higher in older group (p=0.047) and time spent on outdoor activities was also (p=0.018) significantly higher in the older group. Conclusions: In order to improve the current vitamin D status of Korean postmenopausal women, nutrition education programs should focus more on adequate intake of vitamin D, while maintaining enough outdoor activities over the season.

• 생약학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.205-209
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• 1975

Ginseng, Vitamin, and both were given to six-year-old children for three months to know effects of the drugs on the physical growth of the children. 1. Frequency of children's sickness was in order of vitamin plus ginseng, ginseng, vitamin alone and control groups. 2. Height, circumference of chest and weight of children were increased in order of vitamin plus ginseng, ginseng, vitamin, and control groups. 3. Ginseng, as compared with vitamin increased the children's growth, especially their weight and the circumference of chest.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2003

개에서 hyaluronic acid(HA), vitamine E 및 두 약물의 병용이 복강수술 후 유착방지에 미치는 효과를 비교하고자 본 실험을 실시하였다. 실험견은 HA 처치군, Vitamin E 800 처치군, HA와 Vitamin E 800 처치군 그리고 HA와 Vitamin E 1600 처치군의 5개군으로 분류하고 각 군에 3두씩 배치하였다. 정중개복 후 회맹연접부를 확인하고 회장 쪽으로 5cm 간격으로 5곳에 1$\times$1cm 크기로 찰과상을 유도하였다. HA는 0.1%로 하나의 찰과상 당 3ml과 복강 내에는 체중 당 3ml을 도포하였다. Vitamin E 는 수술 전 5일부터 수술 후 14일까지 800, 1600IU의 용량으로 경구투여 하였다. 수술 3주 후에 유착발생빈도 및 정도를 평가하였다. 혈액학적 검사소견 상 WBC의 수치는 수술 1일 후 전군에서 최고치를 나타냈으나 4일 후부터는 감소하기 시작하여 14일에는 정상범위로 회복하였으며 전군에 있어서 유의적인 변화는 나타나지 않았다. Fibrinogen 수치는 수술 1일 후 전군에서 최고치를 나타냈으나 4일 후부터는 감소하기 시작하여 7일에 수술전 수치로 회복하였으며 전군에 있어서 유의적인 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 유착발생 장소는 장막-장간막(43.3%), 장막-장막(20%), 장막-대망막(5%), 장막-복막(1.7%) 순으로 발생하였다. 유착발생빈도는 HA와 Vitamin E 800 처치군 47%로 Vitamin E 800 처치군 100%, HA 처치군 80%, HA와 Vitamin E 1600 처치군 53%에 비해 낮았다. 유착형성은 HA처치군, Vitamin E 800 처치군, HA와 Vitamin E 800 처치군 그리고 HA와 Vitamin E 1600 처치군에서 5.3$\pm$0.58, 7$\pm$1.00, 2.3$\pm$1.15과 3$\pm$1.00로 HA와 Vitamin E 800 처치군이 유의적인 감소를 보였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합하면 복강수술 후 유착방지에 있어 HA와 800 IU Vitamin E 병용투여가 효과적이라고 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.224-235
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• 1984

Vitamin E status affected by dietary high PUFA and Se was examined by biochemical and morphological means. Rats were fed four different diets(I : 15% p/s=1 control diet, II : 15% perilla oil diet, III : 15% perilla oil, vitamin mix -vitamin E, IV : 15% perilla oil, vitamin mix-vitamin E and salt mix -Se ) for $4\frac{1}{2}$ weeks. Various dietary treatments had no significant effects on body weight gains of rats. Activities of serum creatine phosphokinase known as an indicator of vitamin E deficiency were significantly higher( P < 0.001) in groups fed diets high in PUFA, regardless of the addition or omission of vitamin E from the vitamin mixture than those in control group. Vitamin E concentrations of serum and liver were affected by experimental diets and serum levels were more affected than those in liver. Electron microscopic observations of the liver revealed 1) the presence of swollen and degenerated mitochondria and lysosome-like body(II), and 2) markedly swollen and degenerated mitochondria, numerous lysosomes and decreased in size and number of microvilli along the bile canaliculus ( III, and 3) a remarkable accumulation of lipid droplets, nuclear pyknosis, degenerated mitochondria and increased number of lysosomes scattered along the cell junction in the hepatocytes (IV).

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.92-99
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• 2018

Objectives: Albuminuria has emerged as a biomarker for several medical conditions, and vitamin D has received attention due to its associations with various disorders. We evaluated the association between low serum vitamin D levels and prevalent albuminuria by sex in the Korean general population. Methods: We analyzed 9823 participants (4401 males, 5422 females) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2012 (KNHANES V-2), and categorized them as having a normal range of vitamin D levels, vitamin D insufficiency, or vitamin D deficiency. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to compare the risk of albuminuria across these groups. Stratified analyses were conducted by smoking status, obesity, and renal function. Results: Albuminuria was found in 325 of the 4401 male participants (7.4%) and in 455 of the 5422 female participants (8.4%). Among the males, vitamin D deficiency was associated with an odds ratio (OR) for albuminuria of 1.78 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07 to 2.97, p<0.05). However, such an association was not found in females. The association was stronger in male current smokers (OR, 3.54; 95% CI, 1.47 to 8.50; p=0.005). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that sex differences exist in the association between serum vitamin D deficiency and albuminuria. Additionally, we observed that the association was stronger in current smokers than in the overall male population, but was not seen in non-smokers. Therefore, different approaches by sex and smoking status might be needed when considering using vitamin D as a biomarker for renal function.