• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.278-286
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• 2018

Objective: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate vitamin $D_3$ administration to nursery pigs by injection or in drinking water on serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol ($25-OHD_3$) concentrations. Methods: At weaning, 51 pigs (27 and 24 pigs in experiments 1 and 2, respectively) were allotted to vitamin $D_3$ treatments. Treatments in experiment 1 were: i) control (CON), no vitamin administration beyond that in the diet, ii) intramuscular (IM) injection of 40,000 IU of vitamin $D_3$ at weaning, and iii) water administration, 5,493 IU of vitamin $D_3/L$ drinking water for 14 d post-weaning. Treatments in experiment 2 were: i) control (CON), no vitamin administration, and ii) water administration, 92 IU of $d-{\alpha}-tocopherol$ and 5,493 IU of vitamin $D_3/L$ drinking water for 28 d post-weaning. The lightest 2 pigs within each pen were IM injected with an additional 1,000 IU of $d-{\alpha}-tocopherol$, 100,000 IU of retinyl palmitate, and 100,000 IU of vitamin $D_3$. Results: In both experiments, serum $25-OHD_3$ was changed after vitamin $D_3$ administration (p<0.05). In experiment 1, injection and water groups had greater values than CON group through d 35 and 21 post-administration, respectively (p<0.05). In experiment 2, serum values peaked at d 3 post-administration in the injection groups regardless of water treatments (p<0.05) whereas CON and water-only groups had peaks at d 14 and 28 post-administration, respectively (p<0.05). Even though the injection groups had greater serum $25-OHD_3$ concentrations than the non-injection groups through d 7 post-administration regardless of water treatments (p<0.05), the water-only group had greater values than the injection-only group from d 21 post-administration onward (p<0.05). Conclusion: Serum $25-OHD_3$ concentrations in pigs increased either by vitamin $D_3$ injection or drinking water administration. Although a single vitamin $D_3$ injection enhanced serum $25-OHD_3$ concentrations greater than water administration in the initial period post-administration, a continuous supply of vitamin $D_3$ via drinking water could maintain higher serum values than the single injection.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.122-127
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• 2009

Folate is generally considered as a safe water-soluble vitamin for supplementation. However, we do not have enough information to confirm the potential effects and safety of folate supplementation and the interaction with vitamin $B_{12}$ deficiency. It has been hypothesized that a greater methyl group supply could lead to compensation for vitamin $B_{12}$ deficiency. On this basis, the present study was conducted to examine the effects of high-dose folic acid (FA) supplementation on biomarkers involved in the methionine cycle in vitamin $B_{12}$-deficient rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing either 0 or $100{\mu}g$ (daily dietary requirement) vitamin $B_{12}/kg$ diet with either 2 mg (daily dietary requirement) or 100 mg FA/kg diet for six weeks. Vitamin $B_{12}$-deficiency resulted in increased plasma homocysteine (p<0.01), which was normalized by dietary supplementation of high-dose FA (p<0.01). However, FA supplementation and vitamin $B_{12}$ deficiency did not alter hepatic and brain S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) concentrations and hepatic DNA methylation. These results indicated that supplementation of high-dose FA improved homocysteinemia in vitamin $B_{12}$-deficiency but did not change SAM and SAH, the main biomarkers of methylating reaction.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2011

Osteocalcin (OC), a marker of bone turnover, displays patterns in relation to physiological and genetic factors. Here, we present an association study in a population of Chinese Holstein cattle (n = 24) with OC serum concentration as a phenotypic trait. We hypothesised that OC status is associated with phylogeny, vitamin D serum level and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was used as an unlinked marker to examine phylogeny and linkage to measured phenotypic traits of vitamin D and OC status. Following an association study with OC serum variability as the trait, genotyping of SNPs (n = 27) in OC-related genes was performed. Candidate SNPs were chosen in genes with an emphasis on the vitamin D and vitamin K pathways. Multivariant factor analysis revealed a correlation between vitamin D serum concentration and a SNP in the gene GC (rs43338565), which encodes a vitamin D-binding protein, as well as between a SNP in NFATc1 (rs42038422) and OC concentration. However, univariate analysis revealed that population structure, vitamin D serum levels and SNPs were not significant determinants of OC status in the studied group.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 1983

해태의 양식이 권장되고 있고 패류양식이 성행되었던 서해 군산앞 근해인 격포해역에 있어서 식물 plankton의 증식에 필요한 3종의 B군 vitamin-vitamin $B_{12}$, thiamine 및 biotin에 관하여 해수중의 분포와 그 양적 소장을 조사하여 타의 환경요인과 비교 검토하였다. 1. 본 조사해역은 남해연안만들과는 달리 조석의 차가 커서 서해의 외양수와의 교류가 잘 이루어질 뿐만 아니라 폐수근원이 될만한 하천이나 공장등이 없어 비교적 정상이라고 말할 수 있다. 2. 격포해역의 해수중의 vitamin $B_{12}$, thiamine 및 biotin의 농도는 각각 $1.36{\sim}3.95ng/l,\;u{\sim}0.4ng/l,\;1.4{\sim}6.3ng/l$이었다. 시료채취지점에 따르는 차이가 없었으나 하계의 양은 동계보다 2배양이나 높았다. 3. 이 해역의 해수중의 vitamin 양은 남해연안 가막양의 것에 비하여 vitamin $B_{12}$, biotin의 경우 1/2 에 불과하엿다. 4. Chlorophyll a 함량과 vitamin $B_{12}$ 및 thiamino과는 상관관계가 없었으나, biotin의 경우는 정의 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 5. vitamin 함량과 호기성 종속영양세균수와는 상관관계를 나타내고 있지 않아 이 해역에 있어서 vitamin생산은 세균에 의한다기 보다는 식물 plak-ton 및 기타 원인에 더 큰 의의가 존재할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.305-310
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• 2001

Iron deficient anemia in piglets could be overcome by supplementary iron. Overloaded iron induced peroxidation of cell membrane and increased malonaldehyde (MDA). Antioxidant activity of vitamin C has been studied in iron-overloaded swine plasma. Erythrocyte fragility, MDA, glutathione, vitamin A, and vitamin E were measured in swine plasma with or without iron (0~1mg/dl) and vitamin C (0~10mg/dl). Erythrocyte fragility increased from 8% to 45% in iron group and reduced from 57% to 43% in vitamin C group with dose dependant response. MDA was $0.94{\pm}0.05$ and $1.86{\pm}0.10$ nmol/ml in piglet and pig, respectively, and significantly high in pig (p<0.05). Iron increased MDA from $1.86{\pm}0.10$ to $9.46{\pm}0.04$ nmol/ml in pig, but not in piglet (p<0.05). Vitamin C reduced MDA from $9.46{\pm}0.04$ to $4.80{\pm}0.10$ nmol/ml in pig. Iron increased glutathione from $90.12{\pm}0.10$ to $108.52{\pm}5.29$ nmol/dl in pig, and vitamin C reduced glutathione from $108.52{\pm}5.29$ to $93.52{\pm}2.44$ nmol/dl (p<0.05). Vitamin A and E were $24.86{\pm}2.70$ to $138.29{\pm}6.70{\mu}g/dl$, respectively in iron group, and $35.76{\pm}0.60$ to $177.21{\pm}2.95{\mu}g/dl$, respectively in supplementary vitamin C group (p<0.05). These data indicated an antioxidant activity of vitamin C in iron-overloaded swine plasma.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.319-323
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• 2012

Vitamin C or L-ascorbic acid, an essential nutrient for humans with antioxidative property, was coated with natural wax to be used as functional additives for cosmetics. Coating of vitamin C was performed using carnauba wax and olive wax in self-designed reaction chamber for 60 min. The yield of coated vitamin C with carnawuba wax and olive wax were up to $94.6{\pm}1.2%$ and $82.5{\pm}1.4%$, respectively. The stability of the carnauba wax-coated vitamin C in the lotion was improved 17.8% than that of uncoated vitamin C during 30 day storage at $25^{\circ}C$. Color and the layer separation of the lotion added with the coated vitamin C showed better property than with the uncoated vitamin C. The coated vitamin C can be applied to cosmetic ingredients as a stable additive.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.146-153
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the association between physical activity and vitamin D deficiency status among Korean adolescents. Methods: This is cross-sectional analysis of Korean adolescents aged 10-18 years from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES 2010-2012; n=2,384). We estimated the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and identified the correlations with the strength of physical activity. $x^2$ test, t-test, and multiple logistic regression using complex sample analysis were done. The odds ratio of vitamin D deficiency by physical activity was calculated using complex sample multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 78.2%. The mean serum 25 (OH) D level in deficiency group and non-deficiency group was 14.4ng/mL, 23.7ng/mL respectively. Differences by age strata (the prevalence ranging from 68.5% to 86.3%) and gender (78.6% for boy and 84.5% for girl) were identified. Among adolescents aged 16-18 or girl in vigorous physical activity, a significant correlation between vitamin D deficiency and physical activity was observed, whereas no significant correlation were found among adolescents in moderate physical activity. Conclusion: In conclusion, vigorous physical activity was associated with vitamin D deficit in Korean adolescents. Thus, intervention programs enhancing vigorous activity than moderate activity need to be developed in schools and community.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2015

건강기능식품 등 중 수용성 비타민 B군 (비타민 $B_1$, 비타민 $B_2$, 나이아신, 비타민 $B_6$)의 동시분석 방법을 확립하기 위하여 본 연구를 실시하였다. HPLC에 의한 수용성 비타민 B군의 분석 방법은 기기분석조건을 확립하고, 국내외 시험법 및 논문을 참고하여 시험 데이터를 분석하였다. 수용성 비타민 B군의 HPLC 분석은 270 nm에서 Capcell Pak C18 UG 120 컬럼을 사용하여 진행되었다. 분석법 검증은 수용성 비타민 B군의 직선성, 정확성, 정량한계, 정밀성에 대해 수행되었다. 직선성은 비타민 $B_1$, 비타민 $B_2$, 나이아신(nicotinic acid, nicotinamide), 비타민 $B_6$ 모두 $0.1{\sim}2{\mu}m/mL$의 농도범위에서 $R^2=0.999$ 이상의 우수한 직선성을 확인할 수 있었다. 회수율을 검토한 결과, 비타민 $B_1$ 100~103%, 비타민 $B_2$ 104~112%, nicotinic acid 82~85%, nicotinamide 121~124%, 비타민 $B_6$ 95~104%의 양호한 회수율을 확인할 수 있었다. LOQ는 비타민 $B_1$ $0.04{\mu}m/mL$, 비타민 $B_2$ $0.05{\mu}m/mL$, nicotinic acid $0.15{\mu}m/mL$, nicotinamide $0.08{\mu}m/mL$, 비타민 $B_6$ $0.63{\mu}m/mL$ 이었다. 정밀성을 검토한 결과, $B_1$ 0.4%, 비타민 $B_2$ 0.4%, nicotinic acid 0.5%, nicotinamide 0.7%, 비타민 $B_6$ 0.4%로 1% 이내로 양호한 재현성을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 동시분석법의 정확성을 검증하기 위하여 어린이 기호식품 및 건강기능식품의 표시함량 모니터링을 수행한 결과, 모두 표시기준에 적합함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.414-417
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• 2006

기능성 천연물 생물소재 개발을 위한 목적으로 비수리(L. cuneata)의 미네랄, 아미노산 및 비타민 함량을 조사한 결과 다음과 같다. 무기성분은 Ca, K, Mg, P, Na, Fe,,Mn, Zn, Cu이 주성분을 이루었으며 Ca이 737.03 mg%로 가장 많이 함유되어 있었다. 유리아미노산의 총 함량은 50.24 mg%이며 이 중 proline이 33.77 mg%로 전체 유리아미노산의 67.2%를 차지하였고 필수아미노산은 7.49 mg%이었다. 구성아미노산은 2,817 mg% 분리 동정되었으며 필수아미노산 1,084 % 중 lysine의 함량이 가장 높았고 leucine, valine, threonine, isoleucine, phenylalanine의 순으로 많이 함유되었다. 또한 비수리에서 노화방지의 역할을 하는 vitamin E가 33.03 mg%인 높은 함량을 나타났다.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.196-202
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• 1999

본 연구의 목적은 비타민 B복합제가 스트레스에 의해 유도된 변역변화에 대한 효과를 알아보기 위해 조사되었다. 대상은 의과대학 학생들로 시험 4주전, 시험 2주전, 시험기간 세 차례를 모두 완료한 21 명으로 하였다. 이들 중 10명은 비타민 투여군으로, 11명은 비투여군으로 구분하였다. 스트레스지각 및 정신병리를 평가하기 위해 global assessment of recent stress(GARS) 척도와 symptom checklist-90-revised(SCL-90-R)를 사용하였다. 세포성 면역기능은 phytohemagglutinin(PHA)에 대한 임파구 증식반응 및 interleukin-2(IL-2)생성능을 측정하여 평가하였다. 비타민투여군이 비투여군에 비해 SCL-90-R상 불안척도의 점수가 유의하게 낮았다. 그러나 비타민 B 투여유무에 따른 임파구증식반응 및 IL-2생성능은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다, 시간경과에 따른 임파구증식반응은 유의하게 증가되었다. 시간 경과 및 비타민 투여유무에 따른 임파구증식반응 및 IL-2생성능의 변화량은 각각 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론적으로 비타민 B복합제는 불안을 경감시키나 세포성 면역기능에는 유의한 영향을 미치지 않음을 시사한다. 한편 시험스트레스는 비타민 B 투여에 관계없이 임파구증식반응을 증가시킬 가능성이 시사되었다.