• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.645-650
• /
• 2008

The effects of various levels of dietary dried whole crop of kale (0.1%, 0.3%), dried peel of kale (0.3%), dried whole crop of Angelica keiskei (Koidz) (0.1%, 0.3%), and peel of Angelica keiskei (Koidz) (0.3%) in egg-laying performance were studied with 560 ISA brown layers for a period of 12 weeks. No significant differences were recognized between the treatments and control in egg production, feed intake and egg mass. The quality of egg and eggshell were not different among treatments but egg yolk color was improved in the both of whole crop and peel of kale and Angelica keiskei (Koidz). Vitamin and polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration of eggs increased in treatments compared to control but were not significantly different from controls. In conclusion, dried peel of kale and Angelica keiskei (Koidz) supplementation in laying hens diet improved egg yolk color, and improve vitamin concentration of chicken eggs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.183-194
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin E on the synthesis of the metallothionein in the liver of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats($220{\pm}10mg$) were randomly assigned to one control and three STZ-diabetic groups. Diabetic groups were classified to STZ-0E(vitamine E free diet), STZ-40E(40mg vitamin E/kg of diet) and STZ-400E(400mg vitamin E/kg of diet) according to the level of vitamin E supplementation. Blood glucose levels of STZ-diabetic rats were three times higher than that of control. The contents of vitamin E in liver were lower signifciantly STZ-0E, STZ-40E groups by 50%, 36% compared with that of control. Lipid peroxide values(LPO) in liver were higher 5.6 and 2.5 times in STZ-0E and STZ-40E groups than that of control. Plasma cortisol levels were higher STZ-0E and STZ-40E groups compared with those of control, but cortisol levels were lower significantly in STZ-400E group compared with those of the STZ-0E and the STZ-40E groups. The plasma insulin levels were lower in all three STZ-diabetic group compared with that of control, but were not affected by the level of dietary vitamin E. The metallothionein (MT) contents in liver, kidney and small intestine were five times higher in STZ-0E, STZ-40E and STZ-400E compared with that of control, but STZ-400E group was lower in the MT contents in tissues compared with that of STZ-40E group. Zn-MT peak in STZ-diabetic rats liver increased than that of control by Sephadex G-75, and Zn-MT peak divided into MTI and MTII peaks by DEAE Sephadex A-25 column chromatography. The present results indicate that STZ-induced diabetic rats are more sensitive to oxidative stress, leading to the acceleration of lipid peroxidation process, which can be more promoted low level of dietary vitamin E. And the result may that increase synthesis of MT induced in the liver of diabetic rats increased so it can be sure that the diabetes is one of the MT induce factor by free radical generation. And high vitamin E supplementation reduced total MT contents of liver, kidney and small intestine and the peak of purified Zn-MT. Through the results of these experiments, we can conclude that MT might be the free radical scavenger.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2003

All diets were based on feeds of fattening period pigs(LY x D, ca. 90 kg) with six treatments, which were the control, containing 5% beef tallow(C), 3% beef tallows and 2% perilla seeds oil(T1), 250 ppm vit. E(${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate) in T1(T2), 3% beef tallow and 2% squid viscera oil(T3), 250 ppm vit. E in T3(T4), and 3% beef tallow and 2% CLA(T5), respectively. Produced porks and their carcass characteristics were as follows. The daily gain of pigs was higher in T2 and 73 than any other treatments(p<0.05). Its T2 and T3 was 3.71 and 3.80 respectively, however, there was no significance in feed intake. The highest back fat thickness was shown in control group on market weight, while there was no significant difference on their initial weight. Loin-eye muscle area did not show any significant difference on initial weight and on market weight, however, its T5 was about twice as large as T2's. Content of triglyceride in blood was high in control group as compared to others; especially, the values for T3, T4 and T5 were significantly low(p <0.05). There was no significant difference in total cholesterol contents, and the ratio of HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol was higher in vit. E treated samples than untreated sample. Atherogenic index was high in sample with T3 and low in sample with T2. The perilla seed oil, squid fish oil, and vit. E decreased atherogenic index. Dressing percentage, back fat thickness, and grade did not show any significant difference(p >0.05); however, T2, C and T3, T1 and T5 showed 4.67, 4.29, 4.00 respectively, in grades.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.527-541
• /
• 2001

This study was conducted to provide basic information on the nutritional status and health status of the rural elderly. The food intake, food habits and others health related factors were surveryed by interview method. The subjects was 200 people(71 male, 129 female) aged over 65 year in the Han-an area. The obtained results as follows; Their average age is 73.5$\pm$5.6. Mean height and weight of elderly men were 163 cm and 58.1 kg. respectively and 148.7 cm and 50.0 kg for women. The regularity appetite and frequency of eating snacks and eating out were higher in men than in women. The favorite snacks for men were alcohol fruit coffee and for women was fruit, candy, cookies and coffee. The daily alcohol drinking and smoking ration were 50.0%, 60.6% for men, respectively and 14.0%, 24.8 % for women. The nutritional intake ratio to RDA of men was significantly higher than women. Especially, the intakes of energy, Ca, Vit.A, Vit B$_1$, Vit B$_2$ niacin were extremely low in women. The frequency of alcohol intake was related to nutrient intake of women . There was a negative correlation between age. smoking rate and the nutritional intake. The pocket money, weight height appetite, and frequency of snacks showed a positive relation to nutritional intake. In conclusion the study shows that gender did influence food intake in the elderly, Food intake of women was extremely in deficit, because the most elderly rural women live alone. For successful aging. a program for rural elderly is needed on the govermment level, i.e actions to provide minimum economic life, food delivery and psychological/ physical health care through regional pubilc health centers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.234-245
• /
• 2009

Nutritional assessment for the elderly can identify health status and morbidity. However, development of Nutritional Risk Index (NRI) remains limited for elderly because of difficulties in understanding physiological mechanism of elderly. This study was performed to analyze and develop Nutritional Risk Index for Korean elderly Women (Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, GNRI). Based on literature review, factors for NRI were identified and indices were assessed by a cross-sectional survey. The survey involved Korean elderly women (${\geq}$60, n = 94) in Gwangju area, and sociodemographics, lifestyle characteristics, health conditions, dietary intakes based on 24h- recall, anthropometric measures (wt, ht, BMI, waist, hip, WHR, body protein, body fat, abdominal fat, and triceps skinfold thickness), and clinical biochemistry parameters (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, prealbumin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, fasting blood glucose, HbAlc, ferritin, Zn, Ca, Na, K, Vit E, Vit $B_{12}$, folate, C-reactive protein) were examined relation to nutritional risk index. Based on literature review and data analyses, three NRIs were categorized (NRI I, NRI II, NRI III) and used for further analysis. NRI I was related to having metabolic syndrome, NRI II was related to serum albumin and body weight, and NRI III was related to food habit and health concerns. Abdominal fat (%) of elderly was correlated with each NRIs. NRI II was correlated with nutritional deficiency and higher tendency of inflammatory response, and NRI III was correlated with nutritional status which tend to be lower on aging (protein, folate, Vit $B_{12}$). NRI can serve as a useful tools in assessing health risk and nutritional status. Some modification of items in NRI and validity study are need to apply to Korean elderly.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.608-611
• /
• 2004

The 15 buffaloes were divided into three groups, viz. group 1: normal cyclic buffaloes; group 2: postpartum anoestrus buffaloes and group 3: post partum anoestrus buffaloes supplemented with intramuscular injections of Vit. E.-care Se containing 500 mg $\alpha$-tocopheryl acetate and 15 mg selenium at weekly intervals for two months. The postpartum anoestrus buffaloes had significantly higher levels of erythrocytic lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase activities but lower glutathione peroxidase activity as compared to normal cyclic buffaloes. The supplementation of vitamin E and selenium lowered the level of erythrocytic lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase activities but it had no effect on whole blood selenium and erythrocytic gluathione peroxidase activity. All the animals in group 3 became cyclic and showed 60% conception rate.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.133-142
• /
• 2006

Antioxidant vitamin supplementation focuses one's attention on the prevention of age-related diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant status and lipid profiles and to look into the antioxidant vitamin supplementation that affects lipid metabolism in 20 elderly non-smoking Korean women (placebo group: n = 6, vitC suppl: n = 7, vitE suppl: n = 7). Age, height, weight, muscle, percent of fat and WHR were not significantly different among the groups, however $\%$ of fat was above $33\%$ and WHR was above 0.9. And blood pressure of the placebo group was 131.7/81.7 (border line hypertension), that of vitamin C supplement was 141.4/87.1 (hypertension) and that of vitamin E supplement was 151.4/92.9 (hypertension). Although nutrient intakes of all groups were poor, antioxidant status (blood vitamins C, E, A, and beta-carotene) and lipid profile (TG, total-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol) were normal. For nutritional intervention, the vitamin C supplement group received L-ascorbic acid 1,000 mg, and vitamin E supplement group received d-alpha-tocopherol 400IU for 4 weeks, showing the effects of vitamin E supplementation. Response total cholesterol of HDL-cholesterol (T-Chol/HDL) in vitamin E supplement group was significantly decreased from 4.3 to 3.2. And response LDL-cholesterol of HDL-cholesterol (LDL/HDL) in the vitamin E supplement group was also significantly decreased from 2.6 to 1.7. In addition, after the adjustment for plasma lipids (TG, total cholesterol), plasma vitamin A levels in vitamin E supplement group were significantly increased from 7.89 mg/g to 14.91 mg/g. And systolic blood pressure in vitamin E supplement group was significantly reduced. These results suggested that vitamin E supplementation affects the lipid profiles and blood pressure in elderly non-smoking women. So various nutrition programs must be implemented against age-related diseases and further studies are needed regarding sorts and amounts of antioxidant nutrients and supplementation periods.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 1974

Biochemical studies such as growth rate, blood cholesterol and ascorbic acid contents in various organs of albino male rats were studied in the Garlic, Vitamin E, high and low protein diet fed groups. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1) Either single 10% or 30% protein diet fed rats were not shown growth rate properly. In supplementation of Vitamin E or Garlic on 30% protein growth rate was a more increased than that of the 10% protein diet group. 2) The rate of food consumption of rats fed a 10% or 30% protein diet supplemented with Vitamin E and Garlic was more increased than that of the control Group receving 10% or 30% protein diet alone. 3) No essential difference was observed between the cholesterol level in blood of rats fed 10% protein diet supplemented with Vitamin E and Garlic and that of rats Receiving 10% protein diet alone. But the cholesterol level in blood of rats fed 30% protein diet supplemented with Vitamin E and Garlic was lower than that of control receiving 30% protein diet alone. 4) The Vitamin C contents in various organs of rats fed the diet supplemented with Vitamin E and Garlic seems to be a little higher than that of the control group fed the protein diet alone.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.825-830
• /
• 2006

Status of blood minerals and their absorption by neonate calves as influenced by fat soluble vitamins supplementation in their respective mothers, mineral supplementation in calves themselves has been evaluated. The objective was to know the impact of antioxidant vitamin supplementation to advance pregnant buffaloes, on enhanced acquired immunity during first few hours after birth, in relation to weight gain in buffalo calves. Advance pregnant buffaloes (n = 30) consisting of average body weight of $550{\pm}15$ kg and of 4-6 parity were fed on 25 kg green (green Jawar-Sorghum bicolor), 2-3 kg wheat straw and 3-4 kg concentrate mixture individually per day. Intramuscular injections of vitamin triplex A $D_3$ E consisting of -2,500,000 IU of vit A -Palmitate; 2,500,000 IU of vitamin $D_3$ and 1,000 IU of vit E (dl-alpha tocopherol acetate) were given per dose, a month prior to parturition, twice at 15 days interval to 15 dams. Rest of the 15 pregnant buffaloes served as negative controls. Secretion of immune proteins, immunoglobulin (Ig) enhanced by 80% in colostrum. The blood serum levels of Zn, Cu, Ca, Mg were measured from birth to 90 days in calves. A significant (p<0.05) difference between the blood serum Zn levels of calves born to vitamin supplemented and non-supplemented dams was measured and a positive correlation between blood serum Zn levels and injections of vitamins was identified. Association of Zn and Cu with passive immunity status has been identified in these calves. A significant positive correlation between Zn and Cu was also identified which showed a change under the impact of vitamin supplementation in buffaloes. The study signifies the role of micronutrients supplementation in dams prior to parturition, in calf immunity development. The study indicates significant mineral - vitamins interactions during this process.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.172-178
• /
• 2002

Vitamins are bio-active materials and essential elements in our body but some of them are very low in milt Various vitamin-fortified milks are developed by the help of milk processing technology. However, heat treatments can affect vitamins contents in milk. Total loss of vitamins during the UBT(ultra high temperature) treatment was investigated. UHT treatment caused 60∼70% loss for vitamin C, and 30∼40% loss for vit. D3 and vit. E which are well-known as heat stable materials. On the contrary, degradation of water-soluble vitamins is relatively very low in the capsule-coated state. The capsule could reduce the loss of vitamins by protecting vitamins from the degradation factors such as heat, oxygen, lights etc. The fortification method using capsule can be thought as a new way to reduce the loss of vitamins during milk processing. Further study about heat treatment time and temperature, and capsule coating and materials will be required to minimize the loss of vitamins in milt.