• 제목/요약/키워드: visual range

검색결과 1,343건 처리시간 0.095초

시야내의 글레어감각 측정용 기기의 개발 (A Development of on Instrument for Measuring Glare Sensation in the Visual Field)

  • 박성률;김정태;김원우
    • 조명전기설비학회논문지
    • /
    • 제23권1호
    • /
    • pp.9-17
    • /
    • 2009
  • 인공조명으로부터 유발되는 볼쾌글레어는 건강건축의 조명환경을 위한 중요한 평가요소이다. 글레어는 인간의 전체시야범위 내에서 휘도와 휘도대비에 의해 발생되는 감각으로서 정의되며, 시각적 작업을 수행하는 재실자에게 시작업의 방해를 일으켜 시각적 불쾌감을 유발할 수도 있다. 글레어는 글레어 광원의 위치, 글레어 광원의 밝기, 글레어 광원의 크기와 배경의 휘도에 의한 영향으로 평가될 수 있다. 따라서 변수를 제외한 나머지 요소들을 일정한 상태로 유지할 수 있는 실험기기가 글레어 평가를 위해 필요하다. 최근까지 글레어 평가기기의 성능한계로 인하여 글레어 요소들 간의 상관관계를 확인함에 있어서 제한이 있었다. 이에 선행연구를 참고하여 글레어 실험기기를 제작하고 이 기기를 글레어측정기기라고 명명하였다. 글레어측정기기는 지름 2[m] 반구형 스크린 내부 표면을 균일한 배경휘도 형성을 위해 흰색 무광택 도료로 마감하였으며, 광원들이 내부에 설치되어 있다. 글레어 광원은 $0{\sim}150,000[cd/m^2]$까지 조정이 가능하며 12개의 백열램프에 의한 배경휘도는 $0{\sim}350[cd/m^2]$까지 조정이 가능하다. 글레어 측정기기를 사용하여 피험자를 대상으로 시야범위 한계, 시선상의 BCD휘도와 상하부 시야에서의 BCD휘도 측정에 대한 연구가 진행되었다.

ETTR 노출 방법을 활용한 디지털 카메라의 화질 향상 (Development of Image Quality Enhancement of a Digital Camera with the Application of Exposure To The Right Exposure Method)

  • 박형주;하동환
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
    • /
    • 제10권8호
    • /
    • pp.95-103
    • /
    • 2010
  • 디지털 카메라의 센서는 각각의 픽셀에 대응하는 휘도 값을 저장한 것이다. 이러한 상태의 기록을 로파일이라고 한다. 로파일은 가장 밝은 하이라이트 한 스톱부터 이미지가 갖는 레벨 값의 절반을 할당하고 그 나머지의 절반을 그 다음 스톱에 할당하는 방식으로 가장 어두운 섀도에는 가장 적은 레벨을 분배하는 특성을 갖는다. 그러므로 가장 많은 레벨 정보를 갖고 있는 가장 밝은 하이라이트 한 스톱을 촬영 시 반드시 확보하면 디지털 카메라의 향상된 화질을 구현할 수 있을 것이다. 즉 이러한 디지털 이미지의 정보 기록 분배 방식으로 인하여 촬영 시 노출이 매우 중요하다고 판단할 수 있다. 본 논문은 디지털 카메라의 최적노출을 위하여 가장 많은 레벨 값이 할당되는 하이라이트 한 스톱을 가능한 한 최대한도로 유지하기 위하여 얼마만큼의 노출 과다 조정과 감도가 효과적인지 실험을 통하여 밝혀냈다. 이를 위하여 디지털 카메라를 적정 노출에서부터 1/3스톱씩 2스톱까지 7단계의 노출 과다로 촬영하고 적정 노출을 기준으로 노출이 과다된 로파일을 노출 부족으로 컨버팅 하여 화질을 향상시키는 ETTR(Exposure to the right) 노출 방법의 효용성을 검증하였다. 그 결과 다이내믹 레인지를 확장시키고 비주얼 노이즈를 최소화시키는 디지털 카메라의 최적 화질 구현을 위하여 가장 적정한 노출은 약 $1\frac{2}{3}$ 스톱 정도 노출을 과다하였을 때이며 고감도로 갈수록 그 효과가 높았다. 이와 같은 논문은 카메라 사용자와 제조사에게 실용적인 ETTR 노출 정보를 제공함으로써 넓은 다이내믹 레인지를 구현하는 동시에 노이즈를 최소화시켜 최적화된 디지털 카메라의 화질 구현할 수 있게 할 것이다.

딥러닝기반 실내와 실외 환경에서의 광원 추출 (Deep Learning-Based Lighting Estimation for Indoor and Outdoor)

  • 이지원;서광균;이하늬;유정은;노준용
    • 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
    • /
    • 제27권3호
    • /
    • pp.31-42
    • /
    • 2021
  • 본 연구에서는 딥러닝을 기반으로 하여 실내와 실외 이미지 모두에서 알맞은 광원을 추출하는 방법론을 소개한다. 네트워크는 단일 LDR 이미지로부터 실내 혹은 실외 배경에 맞는 광원을 low dynamic range (LDR) 환경 맵으로 추출하는 Crop-to-PanoLDR 네트워크와 추출된 LDR 환경 맵을 빛의 정보를 담은 high dynamic range (HDR) 환경 맵으로 생성하는 LDR-to-HDR 네트워크 두 단계로 구성된다. 이와 같은 과정을 통해 최종적으로 생성된 HDR 환경 맵은 주어진 이미지에서 가상 객체를 렌더링할 때 적용되어 가상 객체를 조명하는 빛의 방향과 주변광 등을 확인함으로써 자연스러운 렌더링을 가능하게 하는지 검증한다. 본 연구에서 제안한 방법론의 우수성은 실내를 배경으로 한 이미지로만 구성한 데이터로 학습한 결과와 실외를 배경으로 한 이미지로만 학습한 결과 등과 비교하여 검증하였다. 또한, 실내와 실외를 구분하는 역할을 수행하는 손실 함수가 학습 결과에 미치는 영향을 실험, 검증하였다. 최종적으로 본 연구에서 생성된 환경 맵을 기존의 연구 결과와 비교 실험하는 사용자 테스트를 진행하였고 더 좋은 결과를 확인할 수 있었다.

Immediate Effects of Cervical and Thoracic Mobilization on Cervical Range of Motion in the Sagittal Plane and Pain in Patients with Forward Head Posture

  • Choi, Won-Jae;Kang, Si-Nae;Lee, Seung-Won
    • PNF and Movement
    • /
    • 제20권3호
    • /
    • pp.371-381
    • /
    • 2022
  • Purpose: Forward head posture (FHP) is known to cause pain, limit range of motion, and reduce quality of life. Joint mobilization is commonly used to correct FHP. However, no study has compared cervical, thoracic, and combined cervical and thoracic joint mobilization for FHP. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of each mobilization technique on range of motion in the sagittal plane and pain in patients with FHP. Methods: Forty-five patients were recruited and randomly divided into three groups: the mobilization group (CM; n = 15), the cervical and thoracic mobilization group (CTM; n = 15), and the thoracic mobilization group (TM; n = 15). Each intervention was performed in sets of three and repeated six times. Range of motion and pain were assessed pre- and post-intervention. The cervical range of motion was evaluated using a goniometer, and pain was evaluated using a visual analogue scale and pain thresholds of the suboccipital and upper trapezius muscles. Results: All groups showed an increase in range of motion post-intervention, but the increase in the CTM group was significantly greater than in the CM and TM groups (p < 0.05). Pain measured using the visual analogue scale decreased in all groups, but the decreases in the CM and CTM groups were significantly greater than in the TM group (p < 0.05). The pain thresholds of the suboccipital and upper trapezius muscles increased in all groups, but the increase in the CTM group was significantly greater than in the CM and TM groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Overall, our findings suggest that CTM may be more effective than CM or TM for improving cervical range of motion in the sagittal plane and pain in patients with FHP.

Synergism Between Zinc and Taurine in the Visual Sensitivity of the Bullfrog's Eye

  • Kim, Hyun-Jung;Kim, You-Young
    • Journal of Photoscience
    • /
    • 제7권3호
    • /
    • pp.115-121
    • /
    • 2000
  • Although there are high concentrations of zinc and taurine in ocular tissue, their exact role and correlation in the visual process are not clear. The purpose of present study was to clarity this point using electroretinogram (ERG) recording and spectrophotometer measurements before and after zinc and taurine treatment in bullfrog's eye. The optimal zinc concentration used in this study was 10$^{-2}$ M ZnCl$_2$120 ${mu}ell$/12$m\ell$ ringer solution while the optimal turine concentration was 10$^{-2}$ M taurine 12${mu}ell$/12$m\ell$ ringer solution. For the effects of zinc and taurine on the retinal function, the changes of ERG parameters (especially threshold and b-wave) and absorption spectra were observed before and after treatment. It is noteworthy that high concentrations of zinc and taurine present in the retinal pigment epithelium and the retina. Our results indicate that dark-adapted ERG threshold became elevated and the peak amplitude of b-wave was increased with zinc and taurine treatment. Furthermore there are some synergism effects between zinc and taurine as a result of co-treatment. In spectral scan, absorbance increment due to zinc and taurine treatment was shown over the whole range of spectral range (300-750 nm) with some differences in absorbance increment depending on the case of treatment. As the results of above we believe that zinc and taurine, which are abundant in the retinal pigment epithelium and the retina particularly, may be essential factors for visual process, have some synergism with each other and be required to improve the visual sensitivity during visual adaptation.

  • PDF

스포츠 매장의 전회에 따른 정보 탐색과 시각적 이해 특성 - 원-공간과 전회-공간의 이미지 비교를 통해 - (Searching of Information on Reverse left/right Space in Sports-Shop and Features of Its Visual Appreciation - Through Comparison of Original and Reverse left/right Image Space -)

  • 김종하
    • 한국실내디자인학회논문집
    • /
    • 제25권5호
    • /
    • pp.71-81
    • /
    • 2016
  • This research has been carried out with the objects of sporting goods shops to find out what structure of those shops raises more interest from customers. The tracking eyes on the objects which are the same but seen to have different structures has revealed the followings. Customers' visual appreciation of Reverse left/right Images (11.1) was found to be higher than that of Original Images (10.6). Furthermore, the reverse left/right image of the space also was found to attract more interest from customers, which led them to have longer observation. The below is about the interpretation of the spatial exploration by observation time and the appreciation of its visual content in line with the experiment objects of selling spaces. The longer the space was observed, (1)the higher the expansive searching of space was, (2)the more spots were observed as if they did not know what to see after they first observed at early hours, (3)later (in the time range of 64~73 seconds) they came to look at the spots in which they got interested, (4)and then again they suddenly got lost what to see. When the change of observation characteristics by time range is reviewed, it can be seen that the searching of original images is changed from Divergent Feature to Convergent Feature when the observation time increases from the early stage of observation to the later. On the contrary, the reverse left/right images were found to have the opposite searching features, that is, from convergent exploration to divergent exploration. These findings show that the reverse left/right images of the sporting goods shops, which were the experiment objects, have more factors attracting customers' attention and interest and that it is the very shop-structure which makes customers have better visual appreciation of those shops.

만성 목-어깨 통증이 있는 여성 성인에게 시청각 매체를 활용한 탄력밴드 저항운동이 통증, 고유수용성 감각과 운동기능에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Elastic Band-Resistive Exercise using Audio-visual Medium on Pain, Proprioceptive Sense, and Motor Function in Adult Females with Chronic Neck and Shoulder Pain)

  • 이남기;이정우
    • 대한물리치료과학회지
    • /
    • 제31권1호
    • /
    • pp.33-45
    • /
    • 2024
  • Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of elastic band-resistive exercise using audio-visual medium on pain, proprioception, and motor function in adults with chronic neck and shoulder pain. Design: One group pretest-posttest follow-up experimental design. Method: Twenty adult women with neck and shoulder pain voluntarily participated in this study. Elastic band-resistive exercise using audio-visual medium including cervical flexion and extension, shoulder external rotation, and scapular retraction-protraction motions was conducted 5 times a week for 3 weeks. The Numerical Rating Scale, pressure threshold tool, CROM goniometer, and Image J software were used to assess subjective pain level, tenderness threshold (pain), joint position sense error (proprioception), joint range of motion, and postural alignment (motor function), respectively. Result:: The pain intensity and threshold and joint position sense error showed significant decreases after the intervention, whereas the joint range of motion angle revealed significant increases. The postural alignment including forward head posture and rounded shoulder revealed significant improvements after the intervention. Conclusions: Therefore, we suggest that elastic band-resistive exercise through audio-visual medium would be helpful in preventing and managing pain and physical dysfunction in individuals with chronic neck and shoulder pain, and then it would support the development of health management-related online education content.

The Effect of Warning Labels on Cigarette Packages: Textual vs. Textual-Visual and Self-Efficacy

  • Halim, Rizal Edy;Muttaqin, Faisal
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
    • /
    • 제1권2호
    • /
    • pp.25-30
    • /
    • 2014
  • The small number of fusion research that addresses fear-appeal and self-efficacy in the effectiveness of warning labels cause the label is not clear, then the purpose of the study is the first to examine the effect of the combination of the message. With the experimental method, a total of 240 participants were smokers consist of Indonesian university students in the age range 18-23 years. Data obtained then processed with ANOVA statistical methods and Test T. The results are consistent with previous studies that the visual warning labels more effective than the textual warning labels alone. Results also suggest that a warning label should be both visual and textual messages combined with self-efficacy. Limitations, this study does not differentiate among smokers and non-smokers, in addition to the images are used only one type of disease, so that the research needs to be done to distinguish these factors.

심전도 분석을 통한 백색 LED광에 대한 니그로 (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum)의 시각역치 (The vision thresholds of nigro (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum) on white LED light through ECG analysis)

  • 허민아;김민선;신현옥
    • 수산해양기술연구
    • /
    • 제52권1호
    • /
    • pp.42-47
    • /
    • 2016
  • This study was conducted to investigate visual threshold of nigro (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum) on white LED light. The visual threshold was obtained by analyzing electrocardiogram (ECG) of the nigro. 5 individuals (body weight: 15.62~45.49 g; TL: 8.9~12.4 cm) were trained for lights by an electric stimulus. And then the heart rate (beats/10s) before and after switching on the light were compared. Light intensity range was from 0.00 to 226.4 lux. Average heart rate was 10.36 beats/10s in the normal condition. When the fish perceived the light, the heart rate was decreased. Visual threshold of the fish was 2.59 lux.

시각 및 청각 정보가 소음의 인지도에 미치는 영향 (Auditory and Visual Information Effect on the Loudness of Noise)

  • 신훈;박사근;송민정;장길수
    • KIEAE Journal
    • /
    • 제6권4호
    • /
    • pp.69-76
    • /
    • 2006
  • The effects of the additional visual and auditory stimuli on the loudness evaluation of road traffic noise was investigated by the method of magnitude estimation. As a result, it was shown that additional visual stimulus of noise barrier can influence on the loudness perception of road traffic noise. Also, additional auditory stimuli such as green music or sound of flowing water can influence on the loudness perception of road traffic noise, approximately 5~10% lower than the absence of stimuli. But this effect was disappeared in the range of over 65dB(A).