• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.84-91
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• 2012

The total data of observing interior space was divided into a few time frames for analysis. If we can understand the changing process of observation degree as the observation time passes, we will be able to analyse the characteristic and process of information obtainment in the case of space observation. For this purpose, the observation time was parted into 30 second units and the changing characteristic by time frame and observation area was analysed. The conclusion derived from this study is as the following: First, analysis of observation frequency and time on the basis of the average data of each subject showed that the observation time increased compared with the subject's frequency and the overall trend but that it was difficult for me to think there was a certain trend in the observation time of each subject. However, when I examined the time change by using the trend line which is a dynamic average line representing the observation time from the subjects as the trend element of time series, I could see the trend that the subject's observation time increased at a fixed rate as the frequency increased. Second, when I compared and analysed the average observation area at Area I set up by the time of 30 second unit and the observation area of Area I from the all data, I could see that the former had more degree of concentration at Area I. This analysis enabled me to get the degree of concentration on the observed area every time, and accordingly I could also see that when the data of intensive observation by time frame is analysed, the degree of concentration is dispersed for the subjects to observe very intensively or the area with overlapping observations each time frame can be seen as Area I out of the entire observation data. Third, when I analysed the observation characteristics by time frame at the 6 areas divided at 30 second unit at the rate of the number to the time of observation areas, I could see that as the observation time passed while the number of the observation areas defined as decreased the observation time increased, which means that when the area numbers decreases the area intensively observed by the subjects decreases as the time passes. In spit of that, the increase of time can be interpreted as more intensive observation of a specific area.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.43 no.1 s.307
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• pp.45-52
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• 2006

In this paper, a real-time stereoscopic image conversion method using a single frame from a 2-D image is proposed. The Stereoscopic image is generated by creating depth map using vortical position information and parallax processing. For a real-time processing of stereoscopic conversion and reduction of hardware complexity, it uses image sampling, object segmentation by standardizing luminance and depth map generation by boundary scan. The proposed method offers realistic 3-D effect regardless of the direction, velocity and scene conversion of the 2-D image. It offers effective stereoscopic conversion using images suitable conditions assumed in this paper such as recorded image at long distance, landscape and panorama photo because it creates different depth sense using vertical position information from a single frame. The proposed method can be applied to still image because it uses a single frame from a 2-D image. The proposed method has been evaluated using visual test and APD for comparing the stereoscopic image of the proposed method with that of MTD. It is confirmed that stereoscopic images conversed by the proposed method offers 3-D effect regardless of the direction and velocity of the 2-D image.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.15-29
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• 2022

The Byungsan Neo-Confucian Academy, a 17th-century World Heritage Site in Korea, is being praised as a manifestation of naturalness or non-artificiality of the traditional Korean borrowed scenery technique (借景, chagyeong). This study, however, aims to reinterpret the chagyeong of the Byungsan Academy (hereafter the Academy) as a device of illusion evoking an idealized vision of nature. In the process of interpretation, 'picture and frame'-a widely accepted expression that represents the chagyeong of the Academy-will be foregrounded as the pivotal concept mediating the change of perspectives from naturalistic to ideological. This study consists of the following three parts. First, it shows that 'picture and frame' represent a modern way of seeing the Academy as an architectural heritage in harmony with nature; it denotes pristine nature and the empty architectural frame that safely circumscribes the innate beauty of the natural landscape. Second, departing from the naturalistic perspective, this study argues that the architectural framework of the Academy composes scenography enticing the viewer to imagine the idealized, Confucian image of nature that compares to the landscape imagery found in the landscape poetry and paintings that were produced and appreciated by the 17th-century Confucian literati. Lastly, based on the above interpretation, this study stresses that the 'picture' one encountered at the Academy in the 17th century was not the framed scene of a natural landscape but the illusion it caused; the architectural 'frame' worked not as a symbol of naturalness but as an institutional apparatus of vision manipulating the way one sees-and therefore imagines-the landscape.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.11
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• pp.109-152
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• 2007

This thesis started from accepting the criticism and concretely seeking the possibility of visual visuality, in particular, visual physicality or physical visuality through the expression revealed in painting space. This study aims at stressing the role of the body in visual perception and pictorial expression by it by examining the interaction between it and the body. First of all, this study explored perception and the position of the body in the great frame of the historical stream from modernism, through minimalism, through post-minimalism to later art in order to confirm the interaction between visual perception and the body or the change in the intervention of physicality in the stream of contemporary art, and connected them with a discourse on perception and the body. It raised as the grounds for it the discussions which provided the theoretical background about perception. It dealt with the scientific discussions on perceptual physicality by Gestalt psychology in perceptive psychology, and next the discussion of Rudolf Arnheim who exemplified Gestalt psychology mainly on the dimension of visual art. It is significant in explaining the perceptual activeness which is the same as that of M. Merleau-Ponty as a primary debater to solve the questions of perceptual physicality and physical visuality. M. Merleau-Ponty set forth ambiguous perception and the body as its background as the fundamental bases for perceiving the world rather than consciousness proved explicitly. As Hal Foster said, as minimalist phenomenological background they provided appropriate theoretical background to the late art rising against modernist logic. Next, after the 1970s Frank Stella showed a working method and a tendency entirely different from those in the previous period. For example, deconstruction of frame, decentralized spatial expression, dynamic and mixed expression, and allowing real space by overlapping were judged to swing to approval of perceptual physicality. Francis Bacon's painting structure, that is, figure, triptych, aplat and a method of production by accident were understood to well reflect M. Merleau-Ponty's chair logic of chiasme. This study tries to seek the possibility of pictorial expression from works aiming at defining the question of seeing in connection with physicality, the role of the body as the body accumulated and the linking with a real, daily life as the background of the body, and confirm the phase shift.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.137-148
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• 2017

The present study examined the effect of stimulus contrast and color on detection of a target embedded in streams of letters. In Experiment 1, each trial displayed four rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) streams of letters (i.e., multi-RSVP), and each stream occupied one of four different locations. Each frame in the RSVP stream had four white distractors at the locations except one frame where a dim grey target was displayed at a location with three white distractors at the remaining locations. In the low-visibility target condition, the target's grey color was slightly darker than the background grey whereas much dimmer in the high-visibility condition. Participants were asked to report presence of a predesignated target as quickly and accurately as possible upon its detection in each trial, and their target detection turned out more accurate and quicker in the high-visibility than the low-visibility condition. In Experiment 2, the same RSVP displays and task as Experiment were used, but the grey target letters in the high-visibility condition were replaced with those of distinct chromatic colors. Participants detected target presence more accurately in the high-visibility condition, but the reaction time did not differ between the visibility conditions. The results indicate that higher stimulus contrast as well as distinct color can improve perception of a target stimulus displayed among visually-demanding background, but also suggest that stimulus contrast may play a more substantial role for such perceptual improvement.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.28-32
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• 2014

Purpose Patient motion during myocardial perfusion SPECT can produce images that show visual artifacts and perfusion defects. This artifacts and defects remain a significant source of unsatisfactory myocardial perfusion SPECT. Motion correction has been developed as a way to correct and detect the patient motion for reducing artifacts and defects, and each motion correction uses different algorithm. We corrected simulated motion patterns with several motion correction methods and compared those images. Materials and Methods Phantom study was performed. The anthropomorphic torso phantom was made with equal counts from patient's body and simulated defect was added in myocardium phantom for to observe the change in defect. Vertical motion was intentionally generated by moving phantom downward in a returning pattern and in a non-returning pattern throughout the acquisition. In addition, Lateral motion was generated by moving phantom upward in a returning pattern and in a non-returning pattern. The simulated motion patterns were detected and corrected similarly to no-motion pattern image and QPS score, after Motion Detection and Correction Method (MDC), stasis, Hopkins method were applied. Results In phantom study, Changes of perfusion defect were shown in the anterior wall by the simulated phantom motions, and inferior wall's defect was found in some situations. The changes derived from motion were corrected by motion correction methods, but Hopkins and Stasis method showed visual artifact, and this visual artifact did not affect to perfusion score. Conclusion It was confirmed that motion correction method is possible to reduce the motion artifact and artifactual perfusion defect, through the apply on the phantom tests. Motion Detection and Correction Method (MDC) performed better than other method with polar map image and perfusion score result.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper aim to figure in contemporary human documentary as a cultural aspect of daily life in the era of 1920s in Korea. The significant of documentary exams the record and social-oriented representation methods of important essay of works. The result of an analysis of Norbert Weber's with historical figure of modern Korea society given the appearance of a human observer ever put out a human form of the documentary format in accordance with the configuration of visual narrative and the structure of the recipient to implement the symbolic value of belief. And, the result of the technical expression of the various frame works with the configuration of the reality of importance of human values and describe the experiences of being analyzed.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.8-15
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• 2007

Recently, it is important to process multimedia data efficiently. Especially, in case of retrieval of multimedia information, technique of user interface and retrieval technique are necessary. This paper proposes a new technique which detects cuts effectively in compressed image information by MPEG. A cut is a turning point of scenes. The cut-detection is the basic work and the first-step for video indexing and retrieval. Existing methods have a weak point that they detect wrong cuts according to change of a screen such as fast motion of an object, movement of a camera and a flash. Because they compare between previous frame and present frame. The proposed technique detects shots at first using DC(Direct Current) coefficient of DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform). The database is composed of these detected shots. Features are extracted by HMMD color model and edge histogram descriptor(EHD) among the MPEG-7 visual descriptors. And detections are performed in sequence by the proposed matching technique. Through this experiments, an improved video segmentation system is implemented that it performs more quickly and precisely than existing techniques have.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1355-1363
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• 2017

Recently, distributed compressed video sensing (DCVS) has been actively studied in order to achieve a low complexity video encoder by integrating both compressed sensing and distributed video coding characteristics. Conventionally, a motion compensated block compressed sensing with smoothed projected Landweber (MC-BCS-SPL) has been considered as an effective scheme of DCVS with all compressed sensing frames pursuing the simplest sampling. In this scheme, video frames are separately classified into key frames and WZ frames. However, when reconstructing WZ frame with conventional MC-BCS-SPL scheme at the decoder side, the visual qualities are poor for temporally active video sequences. In this paper, to overcome the drawbacks of the conventional scheme, an enhanced MC-BCS-SPL algorithm is proposed, which corrects the initial image with reference to the key frame using a high correlation between adjacent key frames. The proposed scheme is analyzed with respect to GOP (Group of Pictures) structuring method. Experimental results show that the proposed method performs better than conventional MC-BCS-SPL in rate-distortion.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.9-18
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• 2016

This paper proposes a multi-view Wyner-Ziv Video coding scheme based on spatio-temporal adaptive estimation. The proposed algorithm is designed to search for a better estimated block with joint bi-directional motion estimation by introducing weights between temporal and spatial directions, and by classifying effectively the region of interest blocks, which is based on the edge detection and the synthesis, and by selecting the reference estimation block from the effective motion vector analysis. The proposed algorithm exploits the information of a single frame viewpoint and adjacent frame viewpoints, simultaneously and then generates adaptively side information in a variety of closure, and reflection regions to have a better performance. Through several simulations with multi-view video sequences, it is shown that the proposed algorithm performs visual quality improvement as well as bit-rate reduction, compared to the conventional methods.