• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the relationship between low back pain and job stress in hospital nurses. Method: A descriptive correlation research design was employed. The participants were 355 nurses who worked in a general hospital in W city Kangwon-do and consented to participate in this study. The Visual Analog Scale and job stress scale were used in this study. Analysis included descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and partial correlation coefficients. Results: Experience of low back pain for nurse in the past was 86.5% and in the present was 67.5% for low back pain which measured an average of 4.4 points for the level of low back pain. The mean score for job stress was relatively low(M=47.2). Job demand, organization system, job instability and conflict in relationships contributed to high stress scores, instead inappropriate compensation, job culture, and job autonomy contributed to low stress. There was a significant relationship between low back pain and job stress. Conclusion: These results suggest that further research is needed to develop programs to prevention and management of low back pain for nurses.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.1018-1020
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• 2013

Conventionally, PCB fabrication processes detects simply electrical characteristics of TCP and COF by automatic manufacturing system and additionally, by introducing human visual detection, those are very ineffective in view of low cost implementation. So, this paper presents an efficient detection algorithm for short and protrusion-type defects based on reference images by using local binary pattern analysis. The proposed methods include several preprocessing techniques such as histogram equalizing, the compensation of spatial position and maximum distortion coordination Through several experiments, it is shown that the proposed method can improve the defect detection performance compared to the conventional schemes.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.75-86
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• 2019

The fast-growing pet industry is expanding its reach to digital content for dogs. In this regard, the study aims to present game elements applicable to pet content, taking into account the sensory characteristics of dogs: visual, auditory, and olfactory. To this end, attendance and rules were drawn as factors to induce continuous use of content by pet owners, and intimacy and compensation were derived as game elements so that dogs could get positive responses by feeling fun and interesting through content. Through this study, we expect to revitalize the newly evolving dog content industry.

• The Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction (JLCCI)
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.209-241
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• 2018

As national public interest in energy transition is growing, local conflicts over wind farms siting are also on the rise. However, there is a big gap between national opinion and the local acceptance of wind farms. To illustrate this gap, this paper analyzes the local acceptance of wind farms in terms of sensory, cultural, and institutional factors. First, the visual perception of wind turbines and the auditory perception of noise pollution are analyzed to explore sensory and aesthetic factors. Second, this paper analyzes the pung-su values, ecological values, and NIMBY values ??in order to examine cultural factors in terms of beliefs and values of local residents. Third, it analyzes the local perception of procedural justice, such as residents' consent, environmental assessment, and residential briefing, as well as of distributive justice such as damages compensation for the construction of wind farms. There is a limit to simply explaining local resistance to wind farms from the view point of NIMBY. Furthermore, more attention should be paid not only to institutional factors such as procedural legitimacy and economic compensation, but also to sensory and cultural factors in order to enhance the local acceptance of wind farms.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.2 s.302
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• pp.19-26
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• 2005

After various video coding standards such as H.263, MPEG-4, and H.264 have been introduced, there has bun strong need to support the multiple standards with limited resources efficiently. In terms of deblocking Inter which plays an important role in improving visual quality, K264 deblocking filter implementation has different aspects as compared with traditional $8\times8$ block-based post-filter implementation. Analyzing the differences, this paper proposes a H.264 deblocking filter implementation method that supports $8\times8$ block-based post-filtering for the traditional video coding systems. In the proposed implementation method the block boundaries to he filtered are adaptively chosen for $8\times8$ and $4\times4$ block boundary filtering. Since the filtered result is selectively used for motion compensation or not, both loop-filtering and post-filtering can be achieved. A quantization parameter conversion unit that converts H.263 quantization parameters to H.264 quantization parameters is utilized by examining the $8\times8$ block boundary errors based on human visual system. Since the original nature of the H.264 deblocking filter is well expanded to the $8\times8$ block-based post-filter with minor modifications, the proposed implementation method is suitable to implement the deblocking function of the multiple video standards such as H.263, MPEG-4, and K264, efficiently.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.616-622
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• 2009

Thanks to Dynamic Capacitance Control (DCC) technique, response time of an LCD display has greatly improved. However, DCC requires hi-speed memory for the real-time writing/reading of an image of a previous frame, which results in increases in hardware overhead and cost. In this paper, we propose Modified Exponential Golomb (MEG) coding, a low-complex high-speed image compression method, which can remarkably reduce memory requirement for DCC. We also propose a pixel-wise DCC switching technique to prevent a compression error from affecting the quality of a final image on LCD. In our experiment, the degradation in visual quality was not noticeable when we cut the DCC memory size of 1080i HD data by 1/3.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.447-459
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• 2013

Many problems need to be solved before vision systems can actually be applied in industry, such as the precision of the kinematics model of the robot control algorithm based on visual information, active compensation of the camera's focal length and orientation during the movement of the robot, and understanding the mapping of the physical 3-D space into 2-D camera coordinates. An algorithm is proposed to enable robot to move actively even if the relative positions between the camera and the robot is unknown. To solve the correction problem, this study proposes vision system model with six camera parameters. To develop the robot vision control algorithm, the N-R and EKF methods are applied to the vision system model. Finally, the position accuracy and processing time of the two algorithms developed based based on the EKF and the N-R methods are compared experimentally by making the robot perform slender bar placement task.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.97-106
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• 2002

Purpose. This study was tried to compare the effect of the change in postural deviation caused by the pain side Subjects and Methods. Inpatients and outpatients (n=71) were selected from I hospital who have a musculoskeletal low back pain and shoulder pain without any history of the central nervous system (CNS) lesions, orthopaedic problems of the both lower extremities, or the vestibular and the visual default. For the control group, normal and healthy subjects (n=30) were selected without any history of weight bearing disorders. the weight bearing was rated by the computerized force plate. Results. 1) Postural deviation was not significant difference between patients and control group(p<0.01). But postural deviation in patients was more pronounced than control group. 2) There was significant difference of postural deviation between in patients according to the pain side(p<0.01). When the pain side was on the left side, postural deviation tended to the right. When the pain side was on the right side and vertebral body, postural deviation tended to the left. 3) There was no significant difference of postural deviation between regional pain in shoulder and regional pain in low back(p<0.01). Discussions and Conclusion. As a result, the pain, for sure, affected the good posture and its keeping process directly or/and indirectly. Therefore, as the postural deviation increases, the additional energy consumption increased by the works of the muscles to keep the good posture. Preponderated postural deviation, furthermore, could load too much to the musculoskeletal system, leading to increase the pain. The postural deviation, a result of the pain, can cause a secondary deformity of the distal area as a compensatory reaction, and this compensation actually become a cause of the musculoskeletal symptom back in a cycle. Therefore, the appropriate treatment of the musculoskeletal problem and the education of the posture correction should be given to decrease the pain, preventing the secondary deformities, and increasing muscle energy efficiency of the posture remaining muscles.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2014

Objective : This study explored the relationships among demographic (DVs) and clinical variables (CVs), neurocognitive (NOs) and functional outcome (FO) that could be used as prognostic factors for old aged patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) undergoing or appointed disability evaluation (DE) after treatment. Methods : A total of 162 subjects with TBI above the age of 55 years undergoing DE or appointed to do so after treatments were selected. The patients were divided into two subgroups according to age : a junior elderly group 55 to 64 years old and a senior elderly group over the age of 65. NOs and FO were evaluated using the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery and Clinical Dementia Rating scale. Results : Gender, age, and education level were shown to significantly impact the recovery of NOs after TBI. Other DVs and CVs such as area of residency, occupation, type of injury, or loss of consciousness were not found to significantly affect the recovery of NOs after TBI. Analysis of the relationships among DVs, CVs and NOs demonstrated that gender, age, and education level contributed to the variance of NOs. In FO, loss of consciousness (LOC) was included to prognostic factor. Conclusion : Gender, age and education level significantly influence the NOs of elderly patients with TBI. LOC may also serve as a meaningful prognostic factor in FO. Unlike younger adult patients with TBI, old aged patients with TBI did not show global faking-bad or malingering attitudes to DE for compensation, but assume that they could faking their performance in a test set available visual feedback.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.71-76
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed at improving the indoor environment of the office building by measuring the indoor environment and conducting a survey. Method: The measurement was conducted from January 13 to March 16 in 2012, targeting 44 sites in same office building located in Seoul, South Korea. The lists of measurement such as dry-blub temperature, relative humidity, formaldehyde (HCHO), asbestos, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particle pollution (PM10) were measured. In addition, illuminance which belongs to light environment and noise in sound[acoustical] environment were measured respectively. Result: The buildings showed overall pleasant conditions. In terms of the thermal, air, sound, and visual environment, each measurements were satisfied with the requirements in standard, within pleasant ranges, except several sites. However, the survey results were revealed that the office workers were mostly dissatisfied with their indoor environment. Given that the measured values were mostly within standards, the results of survey might have resulted from a compensation mentality biased toward the subjects in psychological terms.