• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.479-489
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• 2014

Objectives: This study intended to determine significant factors that influence the health-related quality of life ("HRQoL"; EuroQol 5 Dimension health-related quality of life (EQ_5D) & EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ_VAS)) of the elderly in Korea. Methods: This study was based on 3,903 subjects aged 65 years or more who participated in the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V), 2010~2012. The HRQoL was analyzed by various factors (general characteristics, health habits, mental health, chronic diseases, nutrient intakes). SPSS statistics for complex samples (Windows ver. 21.0) was used. Results: The HRQoL was higher in the males, those with higher educational level or higher income level while it was lower in those belong to single households. In particular, the EQ_5D was significantly higher in the group who reported walking practice, moderate physical activity (male), and the group who reported no vigorous physical activity (female). The EQ_VAS was significantly higher in the group who reported walking practice. Both EQ_5D and EQ_VAS were significantly lower in the group with stress, melancholy, suicidal thinking, and osteoarthritis. EQ_5D was significantly lower in the group with < 75% Estimated Energy Requirements (EER) in energy intake, and with < Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) in iron or niacin intake. A stepwise regression analysis revealed that i) higher educational level (male), and good self-rated health status significantly increased the EQ_5D, ii) age, alcohol intake (male), melancholy (female), suicidal thinking, osteoarthritis, and niacin intake deficiency (male) significantly decreased the EQ_5D, iii) higher income level (male) and good self-rated health status significantly increased the EQ_VAS, and iv) age (male), stress, suicidal thinking (female) and osteoarthritis significantly decreased the EQ_VAS. Conclusions: This study suggested that general characteristics, mental health, osteoarthritis, and niacin intake were associated with the HRQoL. Prospective research of long-term control is needed to establish the causal relationship between factors and the HRQoL.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.49-62
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• 2004

Due to the recent surge of wireless Internet and concurrent development of the end user terminal devices having standardized graphical user interface(GUI) and unified operation mechanism for better interactivity in information representation and ease of use, various efforts on the improvement of GUI is widely recognized as one of the key factors that will usher in the next stages of the wireless Internet for the users. Especially, improved usability along with unique visual effect are considered to be the key elements for GUI considering the rapid improvement of the resolution and color on the end user handset devices; thus, the study and research on the subject of GUI is expected to increase along with the wireless Internet using smart phones. User interface of the wires Internet end user handsets will have a definite and significant effect on the user interaction as well as productivity. Domestically, wireless Internet service providers and GUI design companies are making various efforts in producing a common GUI models for standardized operation scheme and improved graphical display capabilities of the hand phones, PDAs and smart phones. In the study, Nokia 3650 model and Microsoft Orange SPV model were chosen as test devices for usability comparison and data collection to collect directional benchmark data in developing next generation smart phone user interface integrating PDAs and phones. The mail purpose of this study is to achieve the most efficient user accessibility to WAP menu through intensive focus on developing WIPI WAP menu having most effective usability for the users in their twenties and thirties. The result of this study can also be used as the base research materials for WAP service development, VM browser development and PDA browser development. The result of this study along with the evaluation model is expected to provide effective analysis materials on the subject of user interface to the developers of the wireless Internet user devices, GUI designers and service planners while short listing key factors to consider in developing smart phones therefore serving as the GUI guideline of WIPI phones.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.3 s.61
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• pp.209-218
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• 2005

Consciously or not, producers have to make many aesthetic choices in creative process of video production. If there are general acceptable aesthetic principles to make right choice it would be guideline of aesthetic decision to somewhat reduce mistakes and errors in the process. This paper proposes a theoretical approach on establishing the media aesthetic principle of 3D animation camera working, which is the most suitable for animation production context. We describe the Herbert Zettl's applied media aesthetics related directly to the camera, which is about the two-Dimensional field focusing on aspect radio and forces within the screen, three-dimensional field focusing on depth, volume, and four-dimensional field focusing on time and motion. In order to have theoretical approach we made an analysis on comparing a camera working of movie with 3D computer animation's one, and reconstructed these basic principles to be suited for the 3D animation production. When applied media aesthetics of the traditional camera working are applied to the 3D animation production, it could be an efficient guideline for it. Futhermore, if we develop the research for the relationship with various visual languages with the basis of these principles, the theory of creative picture composition method for the 3D animation production will be logically and systematically established.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.153-162
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• 2004

This paper focused on the effect of Kansei design on the web in branding as well as its influence factors. As a key of this research, it classified web users' Kansei into five categories; 1) functional Kansei, 2) sensoryKansei, 3) psychological Kansei, 4) relational Kansei and 5) cultural Kansei, and organized relevant factors. Online surveys were conducted on seven websites of the fast food brands in Korea (Lotteria, Mcdonald, BurgerKing, Popeyes, KFC, Pizza Hut, Domino's) which are targeting 463 male and females in 20s. As a result, an average of 58% responded that they had a positive Kansei experience and could enhanceits brand preference. Of the sensory Kansei, visual design factors were the one that gave the greatest effect on brand preference enhancement. Regarding the functional Kansei satisfaction, such as user convenience and access speed were also one of the most crucial variables for the whole Kansei satisfaction. Moreover, the preference enhancement brought not only a positive effect on its reliability but also its brand image and consumers' purchasing desire. Based on the survey results, the additional FGI (Focus Group Interview) had been conducted and determined \circled1 what kind of major Kansei that users wanted to have satisfied, \circled2 what type of design can give strong Kansei appeal to its users, and \circled3what design factors gave an effect on sensory emotion. In the course of this research, Itried to renew the awareness of the web importance as a major channel in non-mass interactive marketing, and suggest the effect and its possibility of emotional branding through Kansei design in the web as well as design principles of strategic Kansei design.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 2002

The mechanisms underlying of the visual assessment and resulting in optimum embryonic development following in vitro maturation, fertilization, and culture are unclear, It was known that in vitro produced embryos show more frequent occurrence of fragmentation, which resulted in poor developmental potential and decreased implantation rate. The objective of this study was to investigate the apoptotic rates in bovine blastocyst derived from in vitro fertilization (IVF) and nuclear transfer (NT). In addition, the expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax gene were investigated in the blastocyst to confirm their potential roles in the regulation of apoptosis during preimplantation embryonic development. Analysis of apoptosis was carried out by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediate dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. The levels of Bcl-2 and Bax gene in the blastocyst derived from IVF and NT were determined by RT-PCR. The proportion of TUNEL positive signal in blastocyst derived from NT was significantly higher than that in blastocyst derived from IVF (p<0.001). Bcl-2 expression level of blastocyst derived from IVF was higher than that of blstocyst derived from NT. However, high expression level of Bax was observed in the blastocyst derived from NT. These results indicates that apoptosis is more responsible for fiagmentation in bovine blastocyst derived from NT than IVF. These results suggested that the increase of developmental failure followed by NT could be caused by nuclear fragmentation as apoptosis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.346-353
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• 2016

In the design conditions of some research reactors, the siphon phenomenon can cause continuous efflux of water during pipe rupture. A siphon breaker is a safety device that can prevent water efflux effectively. However, the analysis of the siphon breaking is complicated because many variables must be included in the calculation process. For this reason, a simulation program was developed with a user-friendly GUI to analyze the siphon breaking easily. The program was developed by MFC programming using Visual Studio 2012 in Windows 8. After saving the input parameters from a user, the program proceeds with three steps of calculation using fluid mechanics formulas. Bernoulli's equation is used to calculate the velocity, quantity, water level, undershooting, pressure, loss coefficient, and factors related to the two-phase flow. The Chisholm model is used to predict the results from a real-scale experiment. The simulation results are shown in a graph, through which a user can examine the total breaking situation. It is also possible to save all of the resulting data. The program allows a user to easily confirm the status of the siphon breaking and would be helpful in the design of siphon breakers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.612-618
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of stray light originating from the blue-light blocking lens on the quality of the image. After designing the ideal spectacle lens, anti-reflection spectacle lens without internal reflection, anti-reflection spectacle lens with internal reflection, and blue-light blocking lens with internal reflection, the light intensity distribution and stray light distribution were derived. The designed spectacle lenses are meniscus lenses with a refractive power of 0.00 D, refractive index of 1.56, and a radius of 155.15 mm. The peaks of reflectance of the 4 types of blue-light blocking lenses are in the range between 430 nm and 440 nm, and their reflectances are 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, respectively. According to the analysis results, as the reflectance of the blue-light blocking lens increases, the light intensity in the center of the lens decreases and the intensity of the stray light in the center-periphery and periphery of the lens increases. This trend appeared to intensify with increasing reflectance of the blue-light blocking lenses. Because the increase in the reflectance of the blue-light blocking lens degrades the quality of the image by increasing the intensity of the stray light in the center-periphery and periphery of the lens, its reflectance needs to be adjusted by varying the blue-light blocking ratio and the luminous transmittance, in order to diminish the level of visual discomfort.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1721-1731
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• 2011

This study was performed to determine the levels of depression symptoms among community elderlies and to reveal its related factors, specifically aimed at revealing social and family supports. The interviews were performed, during the period from July 1, to August 31, 2010, to 412 elderlies in urban areas. As a results, significantly higher level of depression symptoms was laid on those with lower social supports and family supports(p=0.000), and the subjects' depression was a negative correlation with social and family support. On multiple regression analysis, the level of depression symptoms was influenced by the variables of social and family support, with or without disability of visual acuity, sense of satisfaction in daily life, number of friends, educational level, with or without spouse, activity of hobbies and urinary incontinence. In conclusion, the level of depression symptoms was so complicatedly influenced by variable factors as well as socio-demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, health status, social support net-work and social activities. Especially, the level of depression symptoms was more influenced by social supports and family supports.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.864-876
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• 2000

This paper proposes a new scene boundary detection scheme for the MPEG System stream using MPEG Audio information and proves its usefulness by extensive experiments. A scene boundary has a characteristic that the audio as well as video information are changed rapidly. This paper first classifies this scene boundary into three cases ; Radical, Gradual, Micro Changes, with respect to the audio changes. The Radical change has a large-scale changing of decibel value and pitch value at a scene boundary, the Gradual change shows the long-time transition of decibel and pitch values from max to min or vice versa, and the Micro change displays a some change of pitch or frequency distribution without decibel changes. Upon this analysis, a new scene change detection algorithm detecting these three cases is proposed in which a progressive window with a time line is used to trace the changes in the audio information. Some experiments with various movies show that proposed algorithm could produce a high detection ratio for Radical change that is the most popular scene change in the movies, while producing a moderate detection ratio for Gradual and Micro changes. The proposed scene boundary detection scheme could be used to build a database for visual information like MPEG System stream.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3521-3531
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• 2012

This study was performed to determine the relationships among self-esteem, state anxiety, interpersonal behavior trait and locus of control, and to reveal its related factors. The interviews were performed, during the period from April 1st, to June 30th, 2011, to 396 elderlies in Daejeon city. As a results, the self-esteem was negatively correlated with state anxiety and interpersonal behavior trait, while it was positively correlated with locus of control. While state anxiety was positively correlated with interpersonal behavior trait, it was negatively correlated with locus of control, and interpersonal behavior trait was positively correlated with locus of control. Multiple stepwise analysis revealed that the factors of influence on self-esteem included IADL, spouse, mastication of food and amnesia. The factors of influence on State anxiety included mastication of food, IADL, spouse, subjective health status, disability of body, subjective sleep evaluation and educational level. The factors of influence on Interpersonal dependent behavior trait included spouse, IADL, monthly income and subjective health status. The factors of influence on locus of control included spouse and visual acuity. Above results suggested that the self-esteem, state anxiety, interpersonal behavior trait and locus of control of subjects were significantly related with the sociodemographic characteristics, health related factors and health status.